African diaspora archaeology
 African diaspora archaeology |
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Ƙasashen waje na Afirka sune tarin al'ummomi na duniya da suka fito daga mutane daga Afirka, ciki har da 'yan Afirka da ake yin jigilar su a duk duniya ta hanyar cinikin bayi na Atlantic, cinikin bayi na Sahara, ko cinikin bayi na tekun Indiya da zuriyarsu. Ilimin kayan tarihi na waɗannan al'ummomi yana da fa'ida a duk duniya, amma yawancin bincike sun fito ne daga Afirka da Amurka, da kaɗan daga Turai da Asiya.[1][2]
Kalmomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Binciken ilimin kimiya na ƙasashen waje na Afirka ya samo asali ne daga nazarin 'yan Afirka da zuriyarsu a cikin binciken da aka keɓe a takamaiman wurare. Ba a yi amfani da kalmar 'yan ƙasashen waje na Afirka ba a fannin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi har zuwa shekarun 1990, kafin a yi amfani da shi, an yi amfani da kalmomi na gida irin su Afro-Caribbean da African-Amurka, kuma a wasu lokuta, "yan ƙasashen waje na Afirka" an amince da su a matsayin kalmar da aka yi nufin haɗa bincike fiye da iyakoki da teku.[1]
Jigogi da batutuwan bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Maritime ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wannan filin binciken kayan tarihi ya shafi nazarin hulɗar ɗan adam da teku, ba'a iyakance ga wuraren da aka samu a ƙarƙashin ruwa ba. Ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Maritime yana dacewa da nazarin al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar yanayin ruwa na kasuwancin bayi guda uku da ke da sha'awa ta musamman a cikin tsarin bautar da bayi, da kuma a cikin ƙungiyoyin ruhaniya na Afirka da na ƙasashen waje tare da teku, aikin da ke da alaƙa da teku, da teku a matsayin hanyar samun 'yanci.[3]
Bautar shuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Archaeology a kan shuka shine babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a Amurka kuma yana iya rufe ɓangarori daban-daban na rayuwa da abubuwan da aka yi wa bayi, ciki har da amma ba'a iyakance ga samuwar ainihi ba, dangantakar da ke tsakanin ubangiji da bayi, aikin addini, da jinsi.[1]
Juriya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin shafuka da bincike suna mayar da hankali kan ra'ayin juriya; A cikin wannan ruƙunin akwai rukunin yanar gizon da ke da alaƙa da Fugitivity, ma'ana waɗanda suka 'yantar da kansu bayi, waɗanda kuma aka sani da bayi masu gudu ko Maroons. Hakanan abin sha'awa shine ƙauyukan Maroon na dogon lokaci, wanda kuma ake kira Quilombos ko Palenques.[1][4]
Transculturation
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wanda Polymath Fernando Ortiz ya kirkira, fassarar ita ce “mulkin tsararraki, sauyi da yawa daga yanayin al’adu zuwa wani.” fassarar ya zama babban jigo na sha'awa a Latin Amurka amma bai sami karɓuwa sosai a Amurka ko Turai ba.[5][6] [7]
Brazil
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yaba wa Brazil da misalin farko da aka sani na ilimin kimiyyar Afirka, wanda aka gudanar a cikin shekarun 1930. An tono kaburbura da aka danganta ga bayi masu gudu a cikin koguna da ke Serra Negra.[5][8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Singleton, Theresa (2010). "African Diaspora in Archaeology". In Olaniyan, Tejumola; Sweet, James (eds.). The African Diaspora and The Disciplines. Bloomington, Ind : Indiana University Press. pp. 119–134. ISBN 9780253354648.
- ↑ Fennell, Christopher (2020). "African Diaspora Archaeology". In Smith, Claire (ed.). Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (2nd ed.). Springer Cham. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-3-030-30018-0.
- ↑ McGhee, Fred (2007). "Maritime Archaeology and the African Diaspora". In Ogundiran, Akinwumi; Falola, Toyin (eds.). Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African diaspora. Blacks in diaspora. Indianapolis: Indiana university press. pp. 384–393. ISBN 978-0-253-34919-4.
- ↑ Funari, Pedro Paulo A.; Orser, Charles E. (2015). "Archaeology, Slavery, and Marronage: A Complex Relationship". In Funari, Pedro Paulo A.; Orser, Charles E. (eds.). Current perspectives on the archaeology of African slavery in Latin America. Springer briefs in archaeology. New York: Springer. pp. 1–4. ISBN 978-1-4939-1264-3.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedLa Rosa Corzo-2010 - ↑ Funari, Pedro; Ferreira, Lúcio (2016). "Historical Archaeology Outlook: A Latin American Perspective". Historical Archaeology. 50 (3): 100–107. doi:10.1007/BF03377336. ISSN 0440-9213 – via Springer Complete Journals.
- ↑ Funari, Pedro; Ferreira, Lúcio (2016). "Historical Archaeology Outlook: A Latin American Perspective". Historical Archaeology. 50 (3): 100–107. doi:10.1007/BF03377336. ISSN 0440-9213 – via Springer Complete Journals.
- ↑ Funari, Pedro; Ferreira, Lúcio (2016). "Historical Archaeology Outlook: A Latin American Perspective". Historical Archaeology. 50 (3): 100–107. doi:10.1007/BF03377336. ISSN 0440-9213 – via Springer Complete Journals.