Afro-Iraqis
Afro-Irakis mutanen Iraqi ne na al'adun Zanj na Afirka. A tarihi, yawansu ya taru ne a birnin Basra mai tashar jiragen ruwa na kudancin ƙasar, kasancewar Basra ita ce helkwatar cinikin bayi a Iraki. [1] Afro-Irakis suna jin Larabci kuma galibi suna bin addinin Musulunci. Wasu Afro-Irakis har yanzu suna iya jin Swahili tare da Larabci. [2]
Shugabannin Afro-Iraki sun yi iƙirarin cewa akwai kusan tsakanin 500,000 zuwa 1,500,000 na Afro-Iraki, amma ba a tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar alkalumman hukuma ba. [3] [4] [5] [6] Asalinsu ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da Larabawa suke fataucin bayi da bauta a ƙasar Iraki tsakanin ƙarni na 9 miladiyya zuwa ƙarni na 19 miladiyya. [7] [8]
Mutane da yawa sun fito daga gundumar Zubair, zuriyar mutanen da suka zo Iraki daga Gabashin Afirka. Wasu sun zo a matsayin jirgin ruwa, yayin da wasu suka zo a matsayin ’yan kasuwa, baƙi, malaman addini, ko kuma bayi a cikin ƙarni da yawa, tun daga ƙarni na 9 AD. [9]
Asalin almara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Labarin Larabawa[ana buƙatar hujja] Sarkin Kushitic Nimrod ya ketare tekun Gabashin Afirka a farkon lokaci tare da sojoji, kuma ya kafa wayewa. Da yawa wuraren da ake da su a Iraki har yanzu ana kiran su da sunan Nimrod. Kur'ani bai ambaci Nimrod da sunan ba, amma labaran Larabawa game da Nimrod sun sa ana ambatonsa a matsayin azzalumi a al'adun Musulmi.
Al’adar Yahudawa ta ba da labarin labarin Sarki Nimrod kuma. An bayyana a cikin littafin Farawa cewa Nimrod babban mafarauci ne mai suna kuma shi ne na farko da ya gina birane bisa duniya. Ya yi mulki a Mesopotamiya, wanda ya haɗa da Iraki ta zamani.
Saboda asalin Kushitic na almara na Nimrod (wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar Kush na tarihi a yau a kudancin Masar da arewacin Sudan), da yawa sun gaskata cewa Afro-Irakis yanzu suna zaune a yankuna su ne zuriyarsa ta zahiri. Wannan ba shi yiwuwa ya zama gaskiya a zahiri ga dukkan 'yan Afro-Iraki, saboda kasancewarsu a Iraki ya samo asali ne tun ƙarni na 9 AZ, [9] yayin da mulkin Kush ya ƙare a karni na 6 AZ.
Tarihi da asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da haka Baƙaƙen fata na Iraqi zuriyar mutanen Bantu da ke gabar tekun Gabashin Afirka, wataƙila mutanen Swahili, waɗanda aka bautar da su kuma aka kawo su Iraki a ƙarni na 9 a lokacin cinikin bayi na Larabawa zuwa bautar a cikin Halifancin Abbasiyawa don yin aiki a filayen noma ko kuma a matsayin ma'aikata. Ko da yake wasu 'yan ci-rani na Afirka sun zo Iraki a matsayin ma'aikatan ruwa da ma'aikata, yawancin an kawo su a matsayin bayi a karni na 9. [10] Bautar Chattel ta ci gaba har tsawon shekaru dubbai, kuma har yanzu ana fataucin bayi na Afirka zuwa Iraqin Ottoman a ƙarni na 19, kasancewar wani ɓangare na bauta a Daular Usmaniyya.
A hukumance, an hana shigo da bayi ta hanyar cinikin bayi ta Tekun Indiya na Tekun Farisa ta hanyar hana cinikin bayi a Tekun Farisa a cikin watan Janairu 1847. Wannan duk da haka haramun ne na zahiri, kuma cinikin bayi ya ci gaba. An haramta bauta a Iraki a hukumance a shekara ta 1924,[11][12] ta dokar sarauta da sarki Faisal na Iraƙi ya bayar.[13]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Hidden in Plain Sight: Basra's Legacy of Slavery". 14 January 2004.
- ↑ "السماح.. رقص التسامي الجمعي، أرواحاً وأجساداً- د. خير الدين عبد الرحمن". Albahethon. Retrieved 2017-01-03.
- ↑ "دخلك بتعرف السود العراقيون (الأفرو-عراقيون) - دخلك بتعرف؟". دخلك بتعرف (in Larabci). 2017-06-04. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
- ↑ "MRG condemns killing of Black Iraqi leader in Basra, calls for full investigation into his death". Minority Rights Group International. 2013-05-08. Archived from the original on 2013-06-12.
Black or African Iraqis, who number between 1.5 and 2 million, are believed to have first migrated from East Africa to Iraq after the birth of Islam.
- ↑ Karlos Zurutuza (2011-10-12). "To Be Black in Iraq". Inter Press Service.
Salah Ruhais Salman, vice-president of the Iraqi Freedom Movement, a political party established to defend the rights of Iraqis of African descent ... [says] "There are around 1.5 million of us in Iraq but none of us occupies any position in the Iraqi administration."
- ↑ Ali Mamouri (2013-06-26). "Black Iraqis Struggle to Shake Legacy of Racism". Archived from the original on 2013-06-28.
It is noteworthy that their marginalization persists although they exceed about 1.5 million, according to the Free Iraqi Movement Vice President Salah Ruhais Salman, or 2 million, according to a statement made by the secretary-general of the movement, Abdel Hussein Abdel Razzak.
- ↑ Achilli A, Olivieri A, Pala M, et al. (April 2007). "Mitochondrial DNA variation of modern Tuscans supports the near eastern origin of Etruscans". American Journal of Human Genetics. 80 (4): 759–68. doi:10.1086/512822. PMC 1852723. PMID 17357081.
- ↑ Abu-Amero KK, González AM, Larruga JM, Bosley TM, Cabrera VM (2007). "Eurasian and African mitochondrial DNA influences in the Saudi Arabian population". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7: 32. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-32. PMC 1810519. PMID 17331239.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Black Iraqis". Minority Rights. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2022. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Black Iraqis" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Iraq : Black Iraqis".
- ↑ Samonova, E. (2019). Modern Slavery and Bonded Labour in South Asia: A Human Rights-Based Approach. Storbritannien: Taylor & Francis.
- ↑ Gordon, M. (1989). Slavery in the Arab world. New York: New Amsterdam.
- ↑ Living in the Shadows. The Enduring Marginalization of Black Iraqis