Afro-Puerto Ricans

Afro-Puerto Ricans

Kabilu masu alaƙa
Mutanen Karibiyan da Afro-Latin Americans (en)

Peones in Puerto Rico, 1898

Afro-Puerto Rican (Spanish: Afropuertorriqueños), wanda aka fi sani da Afroboricuas, amma kuma a wasu lokuta ana kiransu Afroborinqueños, Afroborincans, ko Afropuertors, su ne Puerto Ricans na cikakken ko ɓangare na asalin Afirka ta Kudu, waɗanda galibi zuriyar bayi ne, 'yanci, da kuma 'yan baƙi masu' yanci na asali a Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka.[lower-alpha 1][1][lower-alpha Ana amfani da kalmar Afro-Puerto Rican don komawa ga abubuwan tarihi ko al'adu a cikin al'ummar Puerto Rican da ke da alaƙa da wannan al'umma, gami da kiɗa, yare, abinci, fasaha, da Addini.

zane zanen yan afrika

Tarihin Afro-Puerto Ricans ya samo asali ne daga isowar 'yan baƙar fata na Yamma Afirka, ko libertos (masu 'yanci), waɗanda shuka bi Conquistador Juan Ponce na León na Mutanen Espanya a farkon Puerto Rico">mulkin mallaka na tsibirin Puerto Rico. Bayan saukowa da zama, Mutanen Espanya sun Bautar kuma sun yi amfani da Taíno" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taíno">'Yan asalin Taíno don yin aiki a hakar zinariya. Lokacin da aka hallaka ma'aikatan tilasta wa Taíno da farko saboda Cututtukan cututtuka na Tsohon Duniya, MaSarautar Mutanen Espanya ta fara dogaro da bautar Afirka ta kudu da Sahara da ke fitowa daga kabilun daban-daban a cikin Yamma da Afirka ta Tsakiya don ma'aikatan ma'adinan su, shuke-shuke, da gine-gine.

Binciken DNA na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 70% na yawan mutanen Puerto Rican suna da kakannin Taino. Wannan binciken ya saba wa labarin halakar da mutanen Taino kuma ya gabatar da ra'ayi daban-daban na cakuda al'adu tsakanin Mutanen Espanya da Taino.

Yayinda ake da bautar a Puerto Rico, tsibirin ya karbi ma'aikatan bayi na kudu da Sahara fiye da sauran Mutanen Espanya da sauran yankunan Turai a Caribbean da Amurka. Bukatar ma'aikatan bautar kai tsaye da aka kawo ta hanyar Cinikin bayi na Atlantic ya ragu sosai ta hanyar raguwar zinariya a Puerto Rico a karni na 16, kuma tsibirin ya fara aiki da farko a matsayin dabarun da soja don tallafawa, karewa, da kare hanyoyin kasuwanci na jiragen ruwa na Mutanen Espanya da ke tafiya tsakanin Spain da yankuna a cikin nahiyar Amurka. Koyaya, Mutanen Espanya, suna fatan lalata yankunan da ke kusa da su na masu fafatawa a duniya, sun ƙarfafa 'yan gudun hijira da' 'yanci masu launin fata daga wasu yankunan Turai a cikin Caribbean don ƙaura zuwa Puerto Rico. A sakamakon haka, Puerto Rico ta karɓi adadi mai yawa na 'yan Afirka na kudu da Sahara daga maƙwabta na Birtaniya, Danish, Dutch, da Faransa da ke neman' yanci da mafaka daga bautar.

Yan Afirka na farko a Puerto Rico

Lokacin da Ponce de León da Mutanen Espanya suka isa tsibirin Borinquen (Puerto Rico), Cacique Agüeybaná, babban shugaban kabilun Taíno masu zaman lafiya a tsibirin ya gaishe su. Agüeybaná ya taimaka wajen kiyaye zaman lafiya tsakanin Taíno da Mutanen Espanya. A cewar masanin tarihi Ricardo Alegria, a cikin 1509 Juan Garrido shine ɗan Afirka na farko da ya kafa ƙafa a tsibirin; shi Mai cin nasara ne wanda ya kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar Juan Ponce na León. An haifi Garrido a bakin tekun Afirka ta Yamma, ɗan sarki na Afirka. A shekara ta 1508, ya haɗu da Juan Ponce de León don bincika Puerto Rico da kuma neman zinariya. A shekara ta 1511, ya yi yaƙi a ƙarƙashin Ponce de León don murkushe Carib da Taíno, waɗanda suka haɗu da sojoji a Puerto Rico a cikin babban tawaye da Mutanen Espanya.[1] Garrido na gaba ya shiga Hernán Cortés a nasarar Mutanen Espanya na Mexico. Wani dan Afirka mai 'yanci wanda ya bi de León shine Pedro Mejías . Mejías ya auri wata mace ta Taíno (a cacica), da sunan Yuisa . An yi wa Yuisa baftisma a matsayin Katolika don ta auri Mejías. An ba ta sunan Kirista na Luisa (garin Loíza, Puerto Rico, an sanya mata suna).

Mutanen Espanya Friar Bartolomé de las Casas, wanda ya bi Ponce de León, ya yi fushi da yadda aka bi da Taíno. A shekara ta 1512 ya yi zanga-zanga a majalisar Burgos a Kotun Mutanen Espanya. Ya yi yaƙi don 'yancin' yan asalin kuma ya sami damar tabbatar da hakkinsu. Masu mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya, suna tsoron asarar ma'aikatarsu, suma sun yi zanga-zanga a gaban kotuna. Sun koka cewa suna buƙatar ma'aikata don yin aiki a cikin ma'adinai, gina sansani, da kuma samar da ma'aikata ga gonakin sukari masu tasowa. A madadin, Las Casas ya ba da shawarar shigo da amfani da bayi na Afirka. A shekara ta 1517, Masarautar Mutanen Espanya ta ba da izinin talakawanta su shigo da bayi goma sha biyu kowannensu, don haka fara Cinikin bayi na Afirka a yankunansu.

Dokar Masarauta ta Alheri ta 1789

'Yan asalin Puerto Ricans (criollos) waɗanda suke so su yi aiki a cikin sojojin Spain na yau da kullun sun nemi kambin Spain don wannan haƙƙin. A shekara ta 1741, gwamnatin Spain ta kafa Regimiento Fijo de Puerto Rico . Da yawa daga cikin tsoffin bayi, yanzu 'yanci, sun shiga ko dai Fijo ko' yan bindiga na gida. 'Yan Puerto Rico na asalin Afirka sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shan kashi na Sir Ralph Abercromby a mamayar Birtaniya ta Puerto Rico a shekara ta 1797.

Kawar da doka

A tsakiyar karni na 19, an kafa kwamitin abolitionists a Puerto Rico wanda ya hada da fitattun 'yan Puerto Rico da yawa. Dokta Ramón Emeterio Betances (1827-1898), wanda iyayensa masu launin fata sun kasance masu arziki, sun yi imani da abolitionism, kuma tare da ɗan'uwan abolitionist na Puerto Rican Segundo Ruiz Belvis (1829-1867), sun kafa wata kungiya ta sirri da ake kira "The Secret Abolitionist Society". Manufar al'umma ita ce 'yantar da' yan bayi ta hanyar biyan 'yanci lokacin da aka yi musu baftisma. An gudanar da taron, wanda aka fi sani da "aguas de libertad" (watts na 'yanci), a Cocin Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria a Mayagüez . Lokacin da aka yi wa yaron baftisma, Betances zai ba da kuɗi ga iyaye, wanda suke amfani da shi don sayen 'yancin yaron daga maigidan.