Ahmad al-Tijani
Abū al-'Abbās Ahmad ibn Muhammad at-Tijāniyy ko Ahmed Tijani (Arabic), ya kasance Sharif na Aljeriya wanda ya kafa Tijaniyyah tariqa (Sufi order).[1]
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Tijani a shekara ta 1735 a Aïn Madhi, ɗan Muhammad al-Mukhtar . [2] Ya gano zuriyarsa bisa ga al'adar Berber, zuwa kabilar mahaifiyarsa, Tijania . Lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha shida, Tijani ya rasa iyayensa biyu sakamakon annoba. A lokacin ya riga ya yi aure. Ya koyi Alkur'ani a karkashin jagorancin Mohammed Ba'afiyya a Aïn Madhi kuma ya yi nazarin ayyukan shari'ar Musulunci na Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi waɗanda aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin al'adun Malikite.[2] Ya kuma yi nazarin littafin Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī na Risala ila al-sufiyya . A shekara ta 1757, Tijani ya bar ƙauyensa zuwa Fez. Yayinda yake can, ya shiga ƙungiyoyin Sufi guda uku, Qadiriyya, Nasiriyya, da tariqa na Ahmad al-Habib b. Muhammed . [2] A Fez, ya sadu da mai gani wanda ya gaya masa cewa zai sami wahayi na ruhaniya (mahaifi). Bayan haka, ya bar Fez don koyarwa a al-Abiad, ya kwashe shekaru biyar a ƙauyen. A shekara ta 1772, ya fara tafiya zuwa Makka don hajji da neman hanyar rayuwa ta Sufi. A lokacin tafiyarsa, an fara shi cikin tsarin Khalwati a Azwawi . Daga baya ya koyar da shekara guda a Tunis inda ya sami nasara.[2] Ya bar Tunis zuwa Misira inda ya sadu da Mahmud al-Kurdi na tsarin Khalwati a Alkahira. Tijani ya isa Makka a ƙarshen 1773 kuma ya yi bukukuwan hajj. A cikin neman hanyar rayuwa ta Sufi, ya sadu da Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah El Hindi, wanda ba ya ganin mutane sai dai bawansa. Ya kuma sadu da Abd-karim al-Sammman, wanda ya kafa reshen Sammaniyya na Khalwati . Al-Samman ya gaya wa Tijani cewa zai zama babban qutb (tsaki) ko masanin a cikin umarnin Sufi a yankin.[2] Tijani ya bar Makka ya koma Alkahira inda ya sami albarkar al-Kurdi don yin wa'azi da tsarin Khalwatiyya. Daga Alkahira ya zauna a Tlemcen na shekaru biyu.
Tijani daga baya ya zauna a Boussemghoun, wani oasis mai nisan kilomita saba'in da biyar a kudancin El Bayadh. A Samghun ne Tijani ya sami wahayi daga annabin wanda ya gaya masa ya fara sabon tsarin Sufi. Ya bar alakarsa ta baya tare da wasu umarnin Sufi kuma ya yi ikirarin umarnin Allah daga annabi Muhammadu.[1] Don haka, shekara ta 1781 ta nuna farkon tsarin Tijaniyya.[1] Ba da daɗewa ba umarnin Tijani ya sami jan hankali a yankunan hamada da ke kewaye da Abi Samghun. Shaykh Tijani ya zauna a Abi Samghun kusan shekaru goma sha biyar. A shekara ta 1796 ya tafi Fez.
A Fez, Mawlay Sulayman, Sultan na Maroko ya karɓi Tijani sosai. Kodayake Sulayman ba ya son wasu umarnin Sufi, ya ba Tijani gida kuma ya nada shi a matsayin memba na majalisarsa.[2] Da farko, Tijani ya zaɓi masallacin Mawlay Idris don yin addu'a amma ya yi al'adun Tijani a gidansa. Tijani daga baya ya gina nasa zawiya. A Fez, ya aika da amintaccen mataimakansa don yada maganar umarninsa. An tura amintaccen mataimakan kamar Abu Hafs 'Abdul-Rahman zuwa Oran da Algiers da Abdul-Salam al-Waghiri zuwa Constantine, Algeria. An nada wasu muqaddams daga cikin masu ilimi ciki har da Muhammad Fuwadir al-Abdallawi a cikin gundumar Jarid ta Tunisia da Muhammed al-Hafiz a Mauritania . [2]