Ahmed Sékou Touré
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Ahmed Sékou Touré (var. Sheku Turay ko Ture; N'Ko: Ṅo:Ṅṃṃელეეერეეეერეეეეეეეეტეეეეტი; 9 ga Janairu 1922 - 26 ga Maris 1984) shi ne shugaban siyasa na Guinea kuma ɗan Afirka wanda shi ne shugaban farko na Guinea daga 1958 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1984. Faransa Daga baya zai mutu a Amurka a 1984.
Musulmi mai kishin addini daga kabilar Mandinka, Sékou Touré ya kasance jikan babban malamin addinin Musulunci na Mandinka Samori Ture wanda ya kafa tsarin mulkin Musulunci mai cin gashin kansa a wani yanki na yammacin Afirka. A cikin 1960, ya ayyana jam'iyyarsa ta Democratic Party of Guinea (Parti démocratique de Guinée, PDG) a matsayin jam'iyyar doka tilo a cikin jihar, kuma daga nan ya yi mulki a matsayin mai kama-karya. An sake zabe shi ne ba tare da hamayya ba zuwa wa'adi hudu na shekaru bakwai ba tare da wata adawa ta doka ba. A karkashin mulkinsa an kashe mutane da dama, musamman a Camp Boiro.
Yarantaka da asalin iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Sékou Touré a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 1922, a cikin dangin musulmi a Faranah, na kasar Guinea Faransa, wadda Faransa ta yi wa mulkin mallaka. Faranah gari ne mai zurfi a cikin kasar Guinea da ke gabar kogin Niger. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴaƴan bakwai da Alpha Touré da Aminata Touré suka haifa, waɗanda suka kasance manoman rayuwa.[1] Shi dan kabilar Mandinka ne mai kishin addini.[2] Kakansa shi ne Samori Ture (Samory Touré), sanannen Sarkin Mandinka Musulmi wanda ya kafa daular Wassoulou (1861-1890) a cikin yankin Guinea da Mali, inda ya ci nasara da yawancin kananan kasashen Afirka tare da manyan sojojinsa masu kwarewa da kayan aiki. Ya yi tsayayya da mulkin mallaka na Faransa har zuwa lokacin da aka kama shi a 1898, kuma ya mutu yana gudun hijira a Gabon.[3]
Mahaifinsa Alpha Touré ya fito daga Sudan ta Faransa (yanzu Mali), kuma ya yi hijira zuwa garin Siguiri da ake hakar zinare na gargajiya tare da 'yan uwansa. Daga karshe ya ci gaba zuwa Kankan, Kouroussa, Kissidougou, sannan ya zauna a Faranah. Aminata ba ita ce matarsa ta farko ba. Ta haifi 'ya'ya uku, ciki har da Sékou da wani ɗan'uwa wanda ya mutu tun yana ƙuruciya, sannan ta rasu ta haifi ɗa na uku, mace mai suna Nounkoumba. Haihuwar Sékou ta zo daidai da abin mamaki - an kawo jaririn giwa zuwa Faranah kuma an gabatar da shi ga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.[4]
Sékou Touré ya halarci makarantar École Coranique (makarantar kur'ani) a garinsu sannan kuma ya yi makarantar karamar firamare ta Faransa a Kankan. An yi zargin cewa ya fadi jarrabawar don shiga makarantar École normale supérieure William Ponty saboda ƙin rubuta makala mai mahimmanci ga kakansa Samori Toure. aiki.[5] A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Touré ya yi nazarin ayyukan Karl Marx da Vladimir Lenin, da sauransu.
Siyasa da kungiyoyin kwadago
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1940, Touré ya sami matsayin magatakarda tare da Compagnie du Niger Français yayin da yake aiki don kammala kwas ɗin jarrabawa, wanda zai ba shi damar shiga aikin Post, Telegraph da sabis na sadarwa (Faransanci: Postes, télégraphes et téléphones (PTT)). Bayan ya kammala kwas din jarrabawa, ya ci gaba da aiki da PTT a matsayin ma'aikacin gidan waya a Conakry a shekara ta 1941. A wannan lokacin, ya kulla alaka da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Faransa, kungiyar kwadagon Faransa wacce ke karkashin ikon gurguzu.[1]
Touré ya fara shiga siyasa yayin da yake aiki da PTT. A cikin 1945, ya kafa kungiyar ma'aikatan gidan waya da sadarwa (SPTT; kungiyar kwadago ta farko a Guinea ta Faransa), kuma ya zama babban sakatare na kungiyar a 1946.[6] Haka kuma a wannan shekarar, ya kasance memba na kafa jam'iyyar African Democratic Rally (Faransanci: Rassemblement Democratique Africain, RDA), ƙawance na jam'iyyun siyasa da masu alaƙa a Yammacin Faransa da Afirka Equatorial.[7]
A shekara ta 1948, an zabe shi babban sakatare na kungiyar Territorial Union of the Confedération Générale du Travail (CGT), kuma bayan shekaru biyu, an nada shi babban sakataren kwamitin gudanarwa na (CGT) na Faransanci na yammacin Afirka da Togoland na Faransa. (Parti démocratique de Guinée ko PDG, Sashen Ginin RDA); duk da haka, kawancen ya yi kasa a gwiwa.[8]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Touré ya mutu sakamakon buguwar bugun zuciya a ranar 26 ga Maris 1984 yayin da ake jinyar ciwon zuciya a Amurka, a asibitin Cleveland da ke Cleveland, Ohio, don tiyatar zuciya ta gaggawa;[9] an garzaya da shi Amurka bayan an buge shi a Saudiyya ranar da ta gabata. Kabarin Touré yana wurin Mausoleum na Camayane, wanda ke cikin lambuna na Babban Masallacin Conakry.
Firayim Minista Louis Lansana Béavogui ya zama shugaban riko, yana jiran zaɓen da za a gudanar cikin kwanaki 45. A ranar 3 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1984 ne hukumar siyasa ta jam'iyyar Guinea Democratic Party ta bayyana zabinta a matsayin wanda zai gaji Touré. Sa'o'i kadan kafin a yi wannan taron, sojoji sun kwace mulki a wani juyin mulki. Sun yi tir da shekarun karshe na mulkin Touré a matsayin " mulkin kama-karya mai jini da rashin tausayi." An dakatar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, an rushe majalisar dokokin kasar, sannan aka soke PDG. Kanar Lansana Conté, jagoran juyin mulkin, ya hau kan kujerar shugaban kasa a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, yana jagorantar kwamitin Sojoji na Maido da Kasa (Comité Militaire de Redressement National-CMRN). Gwamnatin mulkin soji ta saki fursunonin siyasa kusan 1,000.
A cikin 1985 Conté ya yi amfani da wani yunƙurin juyin mulkin da ake zargi na kamawa da kashe wasu makusantan Sékou Touré, ciki har da Ismael Touré, Mamadi Keïta, Siaka Touré, tsohon kwamandan Camp Boiro; da Moussa Diakité.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Magill, Frank N. (5 March 2014). The 20th Century Go-N: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 8. Routledge. p. 3711. ISBN 978-1-317-74060-5.
- ↑ "Radio-kankan - la première radio internet de guinée !!!". www.radio-kankan.com
- ↑ Webster, James & Boahen, Adu (1980), The Revolutionary Years; West Africa Since 1800, p. 324.
- ↑ ߍߘ ߛߋߞߎ߬ ߕߎ߬ߙߋ (in Malinke). p. 218.
- ↑ Magill, Frank N. (5 March 2014). The 20th Century Go-N: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 8. Routledge. p. 3711. ISBN 978-1-317-74060-5.
- ↑ Martin, G. (2012-12-23). African Political Thought. Springer. ISBN 9781137062055.
- ↑ Dictionary of African Biography. OUP USA. 2 February 2012. p. 49. ISBN 9780195382075
- ↑ Boukari-Yabara, Amzat (2023). "Répressions coloniales et résistances africaines". In Borrel, Thomas; Boukari-Yabara, Amzat; Collombat, Benoît; Deltombe, Thomas (eds.). Une histoire de la Françafrique: L'empire qui ne veut pas mourir. Seuil. p. 181. ISBN 9782757897751.
- ↑ AHMED SEKOU TOURE, GUINEAN PRESIDENT, 62, DIES". The New York Times. 27 March 1984. Retrieved 8 November 2024
- ↑ Pace, Eric (28 March 1984). "Ahmed Sekou Toure, a Radical Hero". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 November 2024.