Aikin Savannah (Angola)

Aikin Savannah

7°13′25″S 12°51′24″E
Iri	military operation (en)
Bangare na	Yakin Iyaka na Afirka ta Kudu da Angolan Civil War (en)
Kwanan watan	14 Oktoba 1975 –  1976
Wuri	Angola

Operation Savannah shine sunan lambar Afirka ta Kudu don mamayar soja zuwa Angola a 1975-1976. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na Yakin Yankin Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya tashi ne saboda Yakin Independence na Angola . Har ila yau, aikin ya yi tasiri ga Yaƙin basasar Angola da ya biyo baya. Sojojin Afirka ta Kudu sun mamaye Angola da manufar fitar da MPLA, sojojin Soviet da Cuban daga kudancin Angola don karfafa matsayin UNITA, babban abokin adawar MPLA da abokin tarayya na Afirka ta Kudu.

Afirka ta Kudu da UNITA da FNLA suna karɓar kayan aiki da goyon baya daga Amurka a matsayin wani ɓangare na adawar Cold War da suka yi wa Tarayyar Soviet wanda ya ƙarfafa su don bin wannan hari. An rushe dukiyar Afirka ta Kudu da UNITA kuma an tilasta sojojin su janye saboda matsin lamba na MPLA, Cuban da Soviet. MPLA ce ta yi ikirarin samun nasara wadanda Cuba da Tarayyar Soviet suka goyi bayan su, a kan hadin gwiwar sojojin UNITA, FNLA, Zaire da Afirka ta Kudu. Ga MPLA, nasarar ta kasance mai mahimmanci don shelar 'yancin kai da kuma ikon siyasa a kan Angola.

Tarihi

Juyin juya halin "Carnation Revolution" ko "25 Afrilu" na 1974 ya kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na Portugal, amma manyan dakarun 'yancin kai guda uku na Angola, National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) da People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) sun fara fafatawa don mamaye kasar.

Sojojin 'yanci sun nemi kwace wurare masu mahimmanci, mafi mahimmanci babban birnin, a ranar samun' yancin kai. MPLA ta sami nasarar kwace Luanda daga FNLA yayin da UNITA ta janye daga babban birnin. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1975, FNLA tana tuki zuwa Luanda daga arewa, tare da rundunonin sojojin Za'airi waɗanda Amurka ta ƙarfafa Zaire ta samar.Tsakanin 28 ga Afrilu da farkon Mayu, sojojin Zairian 1,200 sun haye zuwa arewacin Angola don taimakawa FNLA.

FNLA ta kawar da duk sauran MPLA a lardunan arewa kuma ta dauki matsayi a gabashin Kifangondo a gabashin Luanda, daga inda ta ci gaba da mamaye babban birnin. Yanayin MPLA a Luanda ya zama mai haɗari.

MPLA ta karbi kayayyaki daga Tarayyar Soviet kuma ta nemi jami'ai 100 akai-akai don horar da soja daga Cuba. Har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta, Cuba tana da 'yan masu ba da shawara na fasaha da aka tura a Angola. A ranar 9 ga watan Yuli, MPLA ta sami iko da babban birnin, Luanda.

Farawa a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Cuba ta kafa wuraren horo guda hudu (CIR) tare da kusan maza 500, waɗanda za su horar da kimanin mutane 4,800 na FAPLA a cikin watanni uku zuwa shida. Ana sa ran aikin zai kasance na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma zai kasance kusan watanni 6.CIR a Cabinda ya lissafa malamai 191, yayin da Benguela, Saurimo (tsohon Henrique de Carvalho) da kuma N'Dalatando (tsohon Salazar) suna da malamai 66 ko 67 kowannensu. An sanya wasu a hedkwatar a Luanda ko a wasu wurare a duk faɗin ƙasar. Cibiyoyin horo sun fara aiki ne daga 18-20 ga Oktoba.

Harkokin soja

Eland na Afirka ta Kudu ya yi amfani da motoci masu dauke da makamai a wani wuri na gaba kafin Operation Savannah .

Sojojin Tsaro na Afirka ta Kudu (SADF) a Angola, wani ɓangare na Yakin Yankin Afirka ta Kudu, ya fara ne a 1966 lokacin da Kungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu ta Yamma (SWAPO) ta fara gwagwarmaya don samun 'yancin Namibia. Jami'an SWAPO sun kafa wani bangare mai dauke da makamai, Sojojin 'Yanci na Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN), wanda ke aiki daga sansanoni a Zambia da yankunan karkara na Ovamboland. Samfuri:Sfnp

Tare da asarar mulkin mallaka na Portugal a matsayin abokin tarayya da kuma yiwuwar sabbin gwamnatocin da ke jin tausayi ga SWAPO a tsoffin yankunan Lisbon, Pretoria ta fahimci cewa za ta rasa wani muhimmin kariya tsakanin Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka da jihohin Frontline.Samfuri:Sfnp PLAN na iya neman mafaka a Angola, kuma Afirka ta Kudu za ta fuskanci wani mulkin adawa da kuma iyakar da za a iya amfani da ita don tsallakawa don bin 'yan tawaye na Namibia.

Haɗin kai

Kungiyar Savannah ƙungiya ce ta tsoffin sojoji na dukkan sassan da ke cikin aikin. Suna haɗuwa a kowace shekara don tunawa da aikin. Alamar ƙungiyar ita ce Caltrop.