Aikin Torch

Aikin Torch

35°05′06″N 2°01′44″W
Iri	amphibious warfare (en) military operation (en)
Bangare na	Yakin Duniya na II
Kwanan watan	16 Nuwamba, 1942
Wuri	Kariyar Faransa a Maroko

Operation Torch (8-16 Nuwamba 1942) ya kasance mamayewar Allied na Faransa ta Arewacin Afirka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Torch wani aiki ne na sulhu wanda ya sadu da manufar Burtaniya na tabbatar da nasara a Arewacin Afirka yayin da yake ba da damar sojojin Amurka damar fara yaƙi da Nazi Jamus da Fascist Italiya a kan iyakantaccen sikelin

Yankunan Faransa sun haɗa kai da Jamus ta hanyar Vichy Faransa amma amincin jama'a ya haɗu. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa suna iya tallafawa Allies. Janar na Amurka Dwight D. Eisenhower, babban kwamandan sojojin hadin gwiwa a fagen yaƙi na Bahar Rum, ya amince da shirye-shiryen kai hari uku a kan Casablanca (Yamma), Oran (Tsakiya) da Algiers (Gabas), sannan saurin tafiya a Tunis don kama sojojin Axis a Arewacin Afirka daga yamma tare da ci gaban Burtaniya daga Masar

Rundunar Yammacin Yamma ta gamu da juriya ba zato ba tsammani da mummunan yanayi amma an kama Casablanca, babban sansanin sojan ruwa na Atlantic na Faransa, bayan gajeren kewaye. Cibiyar Task Force ta sami wasu lalacewa ga jiragenta yayin ƙoƙarin sauka a cikin ruwa mai zurfi; Oran ta mika wuya bayan bombardment da jiragen yaki na Burtaniya suka yi. Rundunar Gabas ta Gabas ta gamu da karancin adawa kuma sun sami damar turawa cikin gida kuma sun tilasta mika wuya a rana ta farko.

Nasarar Torch ta sa Admiral François Darlan, kwamandan sojojin Vichy na Faransa, wanda ke Algiers, ya ba da umarnin hadin gwiwa tare da Allies, don dawo da shi a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan, tare da wasu jami'an Vichy da yawa suna riƙe da ayyukansu. Wani mai mulkin mallaka ya kashe Darlan makonni shida bayan haka kuma Free French a hankali ya mamaye gwamnati.

Lokacin da Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na biyu a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba, Birtaniya da Amurkawa sun hadu a Taron Arcadia don tattauna dabarun nan gaba. An fara amincewa da ka'idar Turai, amma Birtaniya da Amurkawa suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da yadda za a aiwatar da shi. Amurkawa sun fi son kusanci kai tsaye tare da farko iyakantaccen saukowa a 1942 (Operation Sledgehammer), sannan kuma babban ci gaba a 1943 (Operasion Roundup). Birtaniya ta matsa lamba don wani shiri mara kyau. Sun fahimci cewa gina Sojojin Amurka (Operation Bolero) zai dauki lokaci, kuma babu isasshen jigilar kayayyaki don manyan ayyuka. Winston Churchill ya ba da shawarar mamaye Arewacin Afirka. Shugaban Sojojin Amurka, Janar George Marshall da shugaban Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka, Admiral Ernest King sun yi tsayayya da wannan shirin, kuma suna son barin dabarun farko na Jamus idan Churchill ya ci gaba. Amma Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt yana so ya goyi bayan Rasha kuma kamar yadda duk wani aikin Pacific ba zai taimaka musu ba, ya amince da aikin Arewacin Afirka. A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1942 aka nada Janar Dwight D. Eisenhower a matsayin Kwamandan Babban Sojojin Sojoji, kuma ya kafa hedkwatarsa a London.