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Aikin karfi na yara a pakistan

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Aikin karfi na yara a pakistan
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na aikin yara
Ƙasa Pakistan

Yin aikin yara a Pakistan aiki ne na yara don yin aiki a Pakistan, wanda ke haifar da lahani a hankali, jiki, ɗabi'a da zamantakewa. Yin aikin yara yana kawar da tarbiyya daga yara.[1] Hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Pakistan ta kiyasta cewa a cikin shekarun 1990, yara miliyan 11 ne ke aiki a kasar, wadanda rabinsu ba su kai shekaru goma ba. A shekarar 1996, matsakaicin shekarun yaron da ke shiga aikin ya kai bakwai, ya ragu da takwas a shekarar 1994. An kiyasta cewa kashi daya bisa hudu na ma’aikatan kasar na da yara.[2] Yin aikin yara ya yi fice a matsayin wani muhimmin batu a Pakistan, wanda talauci ya haddasa shi. Yawaitar talauci a kasar ya sanya yara yin sana’o’i, domin ya zama wajibi iyalansu su samu biyan bukatunsu na samun kudin shiga na gida, ta yadda za su iya samun kayan masarufi kamar man shanu da biredi[3]

Alkaluma

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Wani yaro dan kasar Pakistan yana sana'ar sana'ar sana'a Ya zuwa 2005-2006, an kiyasta cewa kashi 37 cikin 100 na yara maza masu aiki sun kasance suna aiki a cikin masana'antar tallace-tallace da tallace-tallace a cikin birane, sannan kashi 22 cikin 100 na masana'antar sabis da kashi 22 cikin ɗari a masana'antu. Kashi 48 cikin 100 na 'yan mata an yi aiki a masana'antar sabis yayin da kashi 39 cikin 100 na aikin masana'antu. A yankunan karkara, kashi 68 cikin 100 na maza masu aiki sun hada da kashi 82 cikin 100 na 'yan mata masu aiki. A cikin masana'antar sayar da kayayyaki da tallace-tallace, yawan 'yan mata ya kasance kashi 11 cikin dari sannan kashi 11 cikin dari a masana'antu.[4] Yin aikin yara a Pakistan wataƙila ya zama ruwan dare a cikin birnin Multan, wanda shine muhimmin cibiyar samar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare.[5] [6]

Dalilai

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Ma'aikaciyar yara 'yar Pakistan Kungiyar Kwadago ta kasa da kasa (ILO) ta bayyana cewa talauci shine babban abin da ke haifar da aikin yara. Pakistan na da kudin shiga na kowa-da-kowa na kusan $1900. Mutum mai matsakaicin matsayi a Pakistan yana samun kusan dala 6 a kowace rana. Matsakaicin Pakistan dole ne ya ciyar da mutane tara ko goma da albashin su na yau da kullun. Haka nan akwai hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.[7]Ya zuwa shekarar 2008, kashi 17.2% na yawan jama'a suna rayuwa a kasa da kangin talauci, wanda shi ne adadi mafi kankanta a tarihin Pakistan.[8] Matakan talauci suna da alama suna tilasta yara suyi aiki don ba da damar iyalai su kai ga biyan kuɗin da ake yi a gida.[9]

Ƙananan farashin aikin yara yana ba wa masana'antun babbar fa'ida a kasuwannin Yammacin Turai, inda suke sayar da abokan hamayyarsu daga ƙasashen da ke hana aikin yara[10]

Wani bincike da Akhtar, Fatima, & Sadaqt suka gudanar ya nuna cewa, manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da sana’ar kamun kifi a gabar tekun Balochistan, sun hada da rashin ingancin ilimi, rashin aikin yi, da kuma rashin samun ci gaba a yankin. An gano cewa a wannan lardi na musamman ana samun yawaitar masu karatu da kuma karancin karatu. Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa manufofin da ke mai da hankali kan inganta ilimi za su taimaka wajen rage aikin yara[11]Pakistan tana cikin kasashen da suka fi karancin karatu, kuma a shekarun baya-bayan nan, aikin yara ya yi matukar tada hankali. Babban abin da ke haifar da karuwa a cikin aikin yara shi ne karuwar talauci, tare da karancin karatun karatu kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ta'azzara lamarin.[12]

Gwamnati ta dauki mataki kan aikin yara Dokoki da yawa sun ƙunshi tanadin da ke hana aikin yara, ko daidaita yanayin aiki na ma'aikatan yara da matasa. Muhimman dokoki sune:

Dokar masana'antu 1934

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Dokar Shagunan Yammacin Pakistan da Kafa 1969[13]

Dokar Aiki na Yara 1991

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The Bonded Labor System Abolition Act 1992 Dokar Tilastawa ta Punjab 1994[13] Har yanzu aikin yara yana daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke addabar Pakistan da 'ya'yanta. Pakistan ta zartas da dokoki a wani yunƙuri na iyakance bautar da yara, amma ba a yi watsi da waɗannan dokokin a duk duniya. Kimanin yara miliyan 11, masu shekaru hudu zuwa goma sha hudu, suna ci gaba da aiki a masana'antun kasar, galibi suna aiki cikin munanan yanayi da rashin kwanciyar hankali.[14] A cikin Disamba 2014, Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurka ta Jerin Kayayyakin da Yaran Kwadago ko Tilastawa Suke Samar da su sun ba da rahoton kayayyaki tara, shida daga ciki ma'aikatan yara ne ke kera su a Pakistan. Waɗannan sun haɗa da yin bulo, kafet, ginshiƙan gilashi, fata da kayan aikin tiyata, da kuma hakar kwal.

A cikin Yuli 2025, gwamnatin Pakistan ta ba da shawarar Dokar Kare Yara don magance aikin yara, fataucin mutane, auren wuri, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma tasirin rikice-rikicen makamai a kan yara. Manufar, wacce aka tsara don amincewa da majalisar ministocin a ranar 8 ga Yuli, na da nufin inganta haɗin gwiwar sassan sassan ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.

Duk da dokokin da ake da su, miliyoyin yara a Pakistan suna ci gaba da fuskantar ayyukan cin zarafi, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da rashin ilimi. Hukumar kare hakkin yara ta Sindh (SCPA) za ta jagoranci aiwatarwa, duk da cewa aiwatar da aiwatarwa yana da matukar damuwa a cikin babban rikicin jin kai da ke fuskantar matasan Pakistan masu rauni.[15]

Kokarin rage aikin yara

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Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke yaki da bautar yara suna ta wayar da kan jama’a game da yadda ake cin zarafin yara a Pakistan.[16] Kungiyoyi da dama suna aiki a Pakistan don rage ayyukan yara. Yanzu an yi rajistar masana'antu tare da shirye-shiryen tsaro na zamantakewar lardi waɗanda ke ba da wuraren makaranta kyauta ga yaran ma'aikata da kuma kula da asibiti kyauta.

dinkin kwallon kafa

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A ƙarshen 1990s, Pakistan ta kasance tana da kashi 75 cikin ɗari na yawan samar da ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya (ko ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa a Amurka), da kashi 71 cikin ɗari na duk shigo da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa Amurka. Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙawayenta sun yi kira da a mayar da hankali kan yawaitar ayyukan yara a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Bisa binciken da aka yi, dubban yara ‘yan tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 14 ne ke saka dinkin sa’o’i 10 zuwa 11 a kowace rana.[17] Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya, UNICEF, Save the Children, da Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Sialkot sun rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Abokan Hulɗa don Kawar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Masana'antar ƙwallon ƙafa a Pakistan a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1997, a Atlanta, Georgia.[[18] [19]

Ceton Yara

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Save the Children kuma ta kasance tana aiki tare da wasu masana'antun kayan wasanni waɗanda Cibiyar Kasuwancin Sialkot ta wakilta, da masana'antu da abokan hulɗarsu na ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗanda Tarayyar Duniya ta Masana'antar Kaya ta Duniya ke wakilta. Wannan kokarin hadin gwiwa yana da nufin tabbatar da cewa ba a daukar yara aikin dinke kwallon kafa.[20]Save the Children (Birtaniya) ya haɗa da yada bayanai game da aikin yara akan manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa kamar CBS.[21] [22]

SPARC

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SPARC ta gudanar da bincike wanda ya shiga cikin samar da wallafe-wallafensa, ciki har da manyan littattafai guda uku a kan aikin yara, shari'ar yara da hakkin yara. Har ila yau, wallafe-wallafen sun haɗa da rahotonta na shekara-shekara "Ƙasar Pakistan ta Yara", da kuma adadi mai yawa na kasidu, SPARC kuma ta gudanar da binciken bincike da yawa.[23] SPARC ta ci gaba da neman gwamnatocin da suka biyo baya da su inganta dokokinsu don sanya kayyade shekarun aiki a Pakistan, duk da cewa ba su yi nasara ba.[[24]

Sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu

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Sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da suka yi aiki kan batun bautar da yara a Pakistan sun hada da kungiyoyi irin su UNICEF.[25] UNICEF ta goyi bayan NCCWD, da tsara Dokar Kare Yara da Dokar Kare Yara, kuma ta ƙaddamar da kafa tsarin sa ido da tattara bayanai na yara. Yawancin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu irin su ROZAN, SPARC da Shaheen Welfare Trust sun yi aiki don kare yara.[26] [27]

Abubuwan da suka faru na mutuwar aikin yara

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A watan Janairun 2019, Uzma Bibi, wata baiwa ‘yar shekara 16 an zarge ta da azabtarwa tare da kashe mai aikinta a Lahore bisa zargin satar wani yanki na nama.[28] Ma'auratan Hasan Siddiqui da matarsa Umm e Kulsoom sun kashe wani ma'aikacin gida Zohra Shah dan shekara takwas saboda kuskuren sakin aku biyu daga kejin a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2020 a Rawalpindi, Pakistan. An kama ma’auratan kuma aka tuhume su a rana guda[[29]

Wata ma’aikaciyar gida mai suna Fatima Furiro ‘yar shekara 10 da ake zargi an yi zargin fyade, azabtarwa, da kuma kisa daga mai aikinta Asad Ali Shah Jeelani.[30] An kama Asad Shah da matarsa Hina Bibi da kuma surukinsa Fayaz Shah.[31]

A Cikin Shahararrun Al'adu

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Wani fim kuma ya fara fitowa mai suna Gunjal akan aikin yara. Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi rayuwar Iqbal Masih, wanda ɗan gwagwarmayar aikin yara ne kuma aka kashe shi a 1995. [32]

Manazarta=

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  1. ↑ "What is child labour (IPEC)"
  2. ↑ "Child Labour in Pakistan"
  3. ↑ "Child labour increases in Pakistan while numbers drop internationally"
  4. ↑ Xiaohui, Hou (2010). Wealth: Crucial but Not Sufficient - Evidence from Pakistan on Economic Growth, Child Labour and Schooling
  5. ↑ Pakistan". Save the children. Archived from the original on 3 January 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  6. ↑ "Govt orders digitising data of brick kiln school-going children"
  7. ↑ Child Labour in Pakistan". Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved
  8. ↑ "UNDP Reports Pakistan Poverty Declined to 17%, Under Musharraf"
  9. ↑ . Denice, Doreen. "Towards the Eradication of Child Labour in Pakistan". The Fletcher School Online Journal
  10. ↑ "Child in Pakistan"
  11. ↑ "Socio-economic conditions of child labor: A case study for the fishing sector on Balochistan coast". International Journal of Social Economics. 37 (4): 316–338. 16 March 2010. doi:10.1108/03068291011025273. ISSN 0306-8293.
  12. ↑ "Child labour and its implications"
  13. ↑ "ILO: 'Child labour prevents • The Pilgram official policy of Food Act 1998 development'"
  14. ↑ Child Labour affect Human Capital Development - Chief Justice". Ghana News Agency
  15. ↑ "Sindh set to approve child protection policy"
  16. ↑ "Sub Group on Child Labour"
  17. ↑ the original
  18. ↑ "Atlanta Agreement"
  19. ↑ Husselbee, David (2000). NGOs as development partners to the corporates: Child football Stichers in Pakistan. pp. 377
  20. ↑ Husselbee, David (2000). NGOs as development partners to the corporates: Child football Stichers in Pakistan. pp. 377
  21. ↑ Khan, Munir, Willmott (2007). A Dark Side of Institutional Entrepreneurship: Soccer Balls,
  22. ↑ "Pakistan Flood 2010 - Six Months On"
  23. ↑ "Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child (SPARC), Pakistan"
  24. ↑ Denice, Doreen. "Towards the Eradication of Child Labour in Pakistan". The Fletcher School Online Journal.
  25. ↑ Silvers, Jonathan. "Child Labour in Pakistan". The Atlantic.
  26. ↑ "Child Protection",
  27. ↑ "8-year-old girl 'beaten, killed' by employers in Rawalpindi over setting free their parrots: FIR"
  28. ↑ "Outrage in Pakistan over abuse of child domestic workers"
  29. ↑ "How many more poor child workers must die in Pakistan before change happens?"
  30. ↑ "How many more poor child workers must die in Pakistan before change happens?"
  31. ↑ "Reconciliation Between Family Of Murdered Maid, Main Accused – The State of Children in Pakistan"
  32. ↑ "Animated film 'Under the Blaze' on child labour in Pakistan will release this year"
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