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Aikin noma na carbon

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Aikin noma na carbon
Auna numfashi na ƙasa a ƙasar noma. Aikin noma na carbon yana inganta ƙwaƙwalwar carbon a cikin ƙasa.

Aikin noma na carbon shine saiti na hanyoyin noma waɗanda ke da niyyar adana carbon a cikin ƙasa, tushen amfanin gona, itace da ganye. Kalmar fasaha don wannan shine ƙwaƙwalwar carbon. Babban burin noma na carbon shine ƙirƙirar satar carbon daga yanayi.[1] Ana yin wannan ta hanyar kara yawan adadin da aka rufe carbon a cikin ƙasa da kayan shuka. Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓin shine ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa. Wannan kuma na iya taimakawa ci gaban shuke-shuke, inganta ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na ƙasa da rage amfani da taki. [2][3] Gudanar da gandun daji mai ɗorewa wani kayan aiki ne wanda ake amfani da shi a aikin noma na carbon.[4] Aikin noma na carbon yana daya daga cikin bangarorin Aikin noma mai basira. Har ila yau, hanya ce ta cire carbon dioxide daga yanayi.

Hanyoyin noma don noma na carbon sun haɗa da daidaita ake noma da kiwo dabbobi, ta amfani da kwayoyin halitta ko takin mai, aiki tare da biochar da terra preta, da canza nau'ikan amfanin gona. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gandun daji sun haɗa da sake dasa bishiyoyi da noma na bamboo. Ya zuwa 2016, bambance-bambance na aikin gona na carbon sun kai daruruwan miliyoyin hekta a duniya, daga kusan 5 billion hectares (1.2×1010 acres) (1.2 acres) na gonar duniya.

Aikin noma na carbon yana da tsada fiye da ayyukan noma na al'ada. Dangane da yankin, gonakin carbon suna biyan US $3-130 a kowace tan na carbon dioxide da aka tsare.[5] Wasu ƙasashe suna ba da tallafi ga manoma don amfani da hanyoyin noma na carbon.[6] Duk da yake aiwatar da hanyoyin noma na carbon na iya rage / hana hayaki, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da tasirin canje-canjen amfani da ƙasa dangane da jujjuyawar gandun daji zuwa samar da aikin gona.[7]

Manufofin

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Babban manufar noma na carbon shine adana carbon a cikin ƙasa, tushen amfanin gona, itace da ganye. Yana daya daga cikin hanyoyi da yawa don satar carbon. Ana iya cimma shi ta hanyar gyare-gyare na ayyukan noma saboda ƙasa na iya aiki azaman tasiri mai zurfin carbon kuma ta haka ne ya rage hayakin carbon dioxide.

Ayyukan tsare-tsare na noma na iya samun sakamako mai kyau a kan ƙasa, iska, da ingancin ruwa, ya zama mai fa'ida ga namun daji, da faɗaɗa Samar da abinci. A kan gonaki amfanin gona da suka lalace, karuwar tan daya na tafkin carbon na ƙasa na iya kara yawan amfanin gona ta 20 zuwa 40 kilogram a kowace hekta na alkama, 10 zuwa 20 kg / hekta don masara, da 0.5 zuwa 1 kg / hekita don cowpeas.[8]    

Hanyar aiki

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Idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire na halitta, ƙasa mai noma ta lalace a cikin carbon na ƙasa (SOC). Lokacin da aka canza ƙasa daga ƙasa ta halitta ko ƙasa ta ƙasa, kamar gandun daji, gandun daji، ciyawa, steppes da savannah, abubuwan SOC a cikin ƙasa suna raguwa da kusan 30-40%.[9] Rashin carbon ta hanyar ayyukan noma na iya haifar da asarar ƙasa da ta dace da noma.[10] Rashin carbon daga ƙasa ya faru ne saboda cire kayan shuka da ke dauke da carbon, ta hanyar girbi. Lokacin da amfani da ƙasa ya canza, carbon na ƙasa ko dai yana ƙaruwa ko raguwa. Wannan canjin yana ci gaba har sai ƙasa ta kai sabon daidaituwa. Canjin yanayi na iya shafar karkatarwa daga wannan daidaituwa.[11] Ana iya magance raguwar ta hanyar kara shigar da carbon. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar dabaru da yawa, misali barin raguwar amfanin gona a filin, ta amfani da tururi ko juyawa amfanin gona.[12] Shuke-shuke na yau da kullun suna da mafi girma a ƙasa, wanda ke ƙara abun cikin SOC.[9] A duniya, an kiyasta ƙasa tana ƙunshe da >8,580 gigatons na carbon na kwayoyin halitta, kusan sau goma na adadin a cikin yanayi kuma fiye da tsire-tsire.[13] 

A wani bangare, ana tunanin carbon na ƙasa yana tarawa lokacin da aka haɗa kwayoyin halitta da ƙasa.[14] Ƙananan tushen suna mutuwa kuma suna lalacewa yayin da shuka ke da rai, suna ajiye carbon a ƙasa.[15] Kwanan nan, an jaddada rawar tsire-tsire masu rai inda aka saki carbon yayin da tsire-shuke ke girma.[16] Ƙasa na iya ƙunsar har zuwa 5% carbon ta nauyi, gami da tsire-tsire masu lalacewa da dabbobi da kuma biochar.

Kimanin rabin carbon na ƙasa ana samunsa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi.[17] Kimanin kashi 90% na wannan an daidaita shi ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ma'adinai-organic.

Scale

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Aikin noma na carbon na iya rage kusan kashi 20% na hayakin carbon dioxide na 20 a kowace shekara.5 billion hectares (1.2×1010 acres) Ya zuwa 2016, bambance-bambance na aikin gona na carbon sun kai daruruwan miliyoyin hekta a duniya, daga kusan (1.2 acres) na gonar duniya.

Koyaya, ana iya juyar da tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙasa. Idan an rushe ƙasa ko kuma ana amfani da ayyukan noma mai zurfi, ƙasa ta zama tushen tushen iskar gas. Yawanci bayan shekaru da yawa na ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙasa ta zama mai cike kuma ta daina shan carbon. Wannan yana nuna cewa akwai iyakar duniya ga adadin carbon da ƙasa zata iya riƙewa.[18]

Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a aikin gona

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Dukkanin amfanin gona suna shan CO2 yayin girma kuma suna fitar da shi bayan girbi. Manufar cire carbon na noma shine amfani da amfanin gona da alaƙar sa da sake zagayowar carbon don rufe carbon har abada a cikin ƙasa. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar zabar hanyoyin noma waɗanda ke dawo da biomass zuwa ƙasa kuma suna inganta yanayin da za a rage carbon a cikin tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin sa na asali kuma a adana su a cikin yanayin da ya dace. Hanyoyin cimma wannan sun hada da:

  • Yi amfani da amfanin gona kamar ciyawa da ciyawa a matsayin murfin wucin gadi tsakanin lokutan shuka
  • Tallafa dabbobin a cikin ƙananan paddocks na kwanaki a lokaci don haka suna kiwo da sauƙi amma daidai. Wannan yana ƙarfafa tushen su girma cikin ƙasa. Har ila yau, suna hawa har zuwa ƙasa tare da ƙafarsu, suna niƙa tsohuwar ciyawa da tururi a cikin ƙasa.
  • Rufe paddocks da ba su da komai tare da hay ko shuke-shuke. Wannan yana kare ƙasa daga rana kuma yana ba da damar ƙasa ta riƙe ƙarin ruwa kuma ta zama mafi kyau ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama carbon.[19]
  • Maido da ƙasa mai lalacewa, mai gefe, da kuma watsar da ita, wanda ke jinkirta sakin carbon yayin dawo da ƙasar zuwa noma ko wasu amfani.[20] Ƙasa mai lalacewa tare da ƙananan tafkin carbon na ƙasa yana da babban damar adana carbon na ƙasa, wanda za'a iya inganta shi ta hanyar zaɓin ciyayi mai kyau.[21][22]

Dubi kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Nath, Arun Jyoti; Lal, Rattan; Das, Ashesh Kumar (2015-01-01). "Managing woody bamboos for carbon farming and carbon trading". Global Ecology and Conservation (in Turanci). 3: 654–663. Bibcode:2015GEcoC...3..654N. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2015.03.002. ISSN 2351-9894.
  2. ↑ "Carbon Farming | Carbon Cycle Institute". www.carboncycle.org (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2021-05-21. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  3. ↑ Almaraz, Maya; Wong, Michelle Y.; Geoghegan, Emily K.; Houlton, Benjamin Z. (2021). "A review of carbon farming impacts on nitrogen cycling, retention, and loss". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 1505 (1): 102–117. Bibcode:2021NYASA1505..102A. doi:10.1111/nyas.14690. ISSN 0077-8923. PMID 34580879 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 238202676 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  4. ↑ Jindal, Rohit; Swallow, Brent; Kerr, John (2008). "Forestry-based carbon sequestration projects in Africa: Potential benefits and challenges". Natural Resources Forum (in Turanci). 32 (2): 116–130. doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00176.x. ISSN 1477-8947.
  5. ↑ Tang, Kai; Kragt, Marit E.; Hailu, Atakelty; Ma, Chunbo (2016-05-01). "Carbon farming economics: What have we learned?". Journal of Environmental Management. 172: 49–57. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.008. ISSN 0301-4797.
  6. ↑ Tang, Kai; Kragt, Marit E.; Hailu, Atakelty; Ma, Chunbo (2016-05-01). "Carbon farming economics: What have we learned?". Journal of Environmental Management (in Turanci). 172: 49–57. Bibcode:2016JEnvM.172...49T. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.02.008. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 26921565.
  7. ↑ Lin, Brenda B.; Macfadyen, Sarina; Renwick, Anna R.; Cunningham, Saul A.; Schellhorn, Nancy A. (2013-10-01). "Maximizing the Environmental Benefits of Carbon Farming through Ecosystem Service Delivery". BioScience. 63 (10): 793–803. doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.10.6. ISSN 0006-3568.
  8. ↑ Lal, R. (2004-06-11). "Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security". Science (in Turanci). 304 (5677): 1623–1627. Bibcode:2004Sci...304.1623L. doi:10.1126/science.1097396. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15192216. S2CID 8574723. Archived from the original on February 11, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Poeplau, Christopher; Don, Axel (2015-02-01). "Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops – A meta-analysis". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 200 (Supplement C): 33–41. Bibcode:2015AgEE..200...33P. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.024.
  10. ↑ Haddaway, Neal R.; Hedlund, Katarina; Jackson, Louise E.; Kätterer, Thomas; Lugato, Emanuele; Thomsen, Ingrid K.; Jørgensen, Helene B.; Isberg, Per-Erik (2017-12-18). "How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic review". Environmental Evidence. 6 (1): 30. Bibcode:2017EnvEv...6...30H. doi:10.1186/s13750-017-0108-9. ISSN 2047-2382. S2CID 91136899.
  11. ↑ Goglio, Pietro; Smith, Ward N.; Grant, Brian B.; Desjardins, Raymond L.; McConkey, Brian G.; Campbell, Con A.; Nemecek, Thomas (2015-10-01). "Accounting for soil carbon changes in agricultural life cycle assessment (LCA): a review". Journal of Cleaner Production (in Turanci). 104: 23–39. Bibcode:2015JCPro.104...23G. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.05.040. ISSN 0959-6526. Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  12. ↑ Smith, Pete (2004-02-01). "Carbon sequestration in croplands: the potential in Europe and the global context". European Journal of Agronomy (in Turanci). 20 (3): 229–236. Bibcode:2004EuJAg..20..229S. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2003.08.002. ISSN 1161-0301.
  13. ↑ Blakemore, R.J. (Nov 2018). "Non-flat Earth Recalibrated for Terrain and Topsoil". Soil Systems. 2 (4): 64. doi:10.3390/soilsystems2040064.
  14. ↑ Acton, Peter; Fox, Jimmy; Campbell, Elliott; Rowe, Harry; Wilkinson, Marsh (2013). "Carbon isotopes for estimating soil decomposition and physical mixing in well-drained forest soils". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (in Turanci). 118 (4): 1532–1545. Bibcode:2013JGRG..118.1532A. doi:10.1002/2013JG002400. ISSN 2169-8961.
  15. ↑ Deyn, Gerlinde B. De; Cornelissen, Johannes H. C.; Bardgett, Richard D. (2008). "Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting biomes". Ecology Letters (in Turanci). 11 (5): 516–531. Bibcode:2008EcolL..11..516D. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01164.x. ISSN 1461-0248. PMID 18279352.
  16. ↑ Kuzyakov, Yakov; Domanski, Grzegorz (2000). "Carbon input by plants into the soil. Review". Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (in Turanci). 163 (4): 421–431. Bibcode:2000JPNSS.163..421K. doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200008)163:4<421::AID-JPLN421>3.0.CO;2-R. ISSN 1522-2624.
  17. ↑ Schmidt MW, Torn MS, Abiven S, Dittmar T, Guggenberger G, Janssens IA, Kleber M, Kögel-Knabner I, Lehmann J, Manning DA, Nannipieri P, Rasse DP, Weiner S, Trumbore SE (2011). "Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property" (PDF). Nature (Submitted manuscript). 478 (7367): 49–56. Bibcode:2011Natur.478...49S. doi:10.1038/nature10386. PMID 21979045. S2CID 3461265.
  18. ↑ Sundermeiera, A.P.; Islam, K.R.; Raut, Y.; Reeder, R.C.; Dick, W.A. (September 2010). "Continuous No-Till Impacts on Soil Biophysical Carbon Sequestration". Soil Science Society of America Journal. 75 (5): 1779–1788. Bibcode:2011SSASJ..75.1779S. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0334.
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named australia
  20. ↑ Bell, Stephen M.; Barriocanal, Carles; Terrer, César; Rosell-Melé, Antoni (2020-06-01). "Management opportunities for soil carbon sequestration following agricultural land abandonment". Environmental Science & Policy (in Turanci). 108: 104–111. Bibcode:2020ESPol.108..104B. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2020.03.018. ISSN 1462-9011. S2CID 218795674.
  21. ↑ Vindušková, Olga; Frouz, Jan (2013-07-01). "Soil carbon accumulation after open-cast coal and oil shale mining in Northern Hemisphere: a quantitative review". Environmental Earth Sciences (in Turanci). 69 (5): 1685–1698. Bibcode:2013EES....69.1685V. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-2004-5. ISSN 1866-6299. S2CID 129185046.
  22. ↑ Frouz, Jan; Livečková, Miluše; Albrechtová, Jana; Chroňáková, Alica; Cajthaml, Tomáš; Pižl, Václav; Háněl, Ladislav; Starý, Josef; Baldrian, Petr; Lhotáková, Zuzana; Šimáčková, Hana; Cepáková, Šárka (2013-12-01). "Is the effect of trees on soil properties mediated by soil fauna? A case study from post-mining sites". Forest Ecology and Management (in Turanci). 309: 87–95. Bibcode:2013ForEM.309...87F. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.02.013. ISSN 0378-1127.
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