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Aikin tiyata na ƙashi

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Aikin tiyata na ƙashi
medical specialty (en) Fassara da academic discipline (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na surgery (en) Fassara
Bangare na surgery (en) Fassara
Gudanarwan orthopedist (en) Fassara da orthopedic surgeon (en) Fassara

Samfuri:Infobox medical interventionTiyatar ƙashi ko ƙashi ( wani nau'in rubutun ƙashi ) reshe ne na tiyata da ke da alaƙa da yanayin da ya shafi tsarin ƙashi . [1] Likitocin ƙashi suna amfani da hanyoyin tiyata da waɗanda ba tiyata ba don magance raunin ƙashi, cututtukan ƙashi, raunin wasanni, cututtukan da suka shafi lalacewa, cututtuka, ciwace -ciwacen daji da kuma matsalolin haihuwa .Page Samfuri:TOC limit/styles.css has no content.  

Nicolas Andry ya ƙirƙiro kalmar a cikin Faransanci a matsayin orthopédie, an samo shi ne daga tsoffin kalmomin Girkanci ὀρθός orthos ("daidai", "madaidaici") da παιδίον paidion ("yaro"), kuma sun buga Orthopedie (wanda aka fassara a matsayin Orthopædia: Ko kuma Fasahar Gyara da Hana Nakasa a Yara [2] ) a cikin 1741. An haɗa kalmar zuwa Turanci a matsayin orthopædics ; ligature æ ya zama ruwan dare a wannan zamanin don ae a cikin kalmomin Girka da Latin. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, an fara haɓaka horon ne da kulawa ga yara, amma gyaran nakasar ƙashi da ƙashi a dukkan matakai na rayuwa daga ƙarshe ya zama ginshiƙin aikin orthopedic. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Bambance-bambance a cikin rubutu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamar yadda yake da kalmomi da yawa da aka samo daga ligature na "æ", sauƙaƙawa zuwa ko dai "ae" ko kawai "e" abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare, musamman a Arewacin Amurka. A Amurka, yawancin shirye-shiryen kwaleji, jami'a, da zama, har ma da Kwalejin Likitocin Kafa ta Amurka, har yanzu suna amfani da rubutun tare da digraph ae, kodayake asibitoci yawanci suna amfani da gajeriyar hanyar. A wani wuri, amfani ba iri ɗaya ba ne; a Kanada, duka haruffan ana yarda da su; "orthopaedics" shine rubutun da aka saba yi a Burtaniya daidai da sauran fannoni waɗanda ke riƙe "ae". [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Tarihi

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Kashin baya na farko

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An samu ci gaba da yawa a fannin tiyatar ƙashi sakamakon gogewa a lokacin yaƙi. [3] A fagen fama na Tsakiyar Zamani, an yi wa waɗanda suka ji rauni magani da bandeji da aka jika a cikin jinin dawaki, wanda ya bushe don ya zama ƙashin baya mai tauri, idan ba shi da tsafta. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Da farko, kalmar orthopedics tana nufin gyara nakasar tsoka a cikin yara. [4] Nicolas Andry, farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Paris, ya ƙirƙiro kalmar a cikin littafin farko da aka rubuta kan wannan batu a shekara ta 1741. Ya ba da shawarar amfani da motsa jiki, sarrafa hannu, da kuma cire ƙashin baya don magance nakasar yara. Littafinsa ya yi magana ne game da iyaye, kuma yayin da wasu batutuwa za su saba da masu maganin ƙashi a yau, ya kuma haɗa da 'gumi mai yawa na tafin hannu' da freckles. [5]

Jean-André Venel ya kafa cibiyar kashin baya ta farko a shekarar 1780, wadda ita ce asibiti ta farko da aka keɓe don kula da nakasar ƙasusuwan yara. Ya ƙirƙiro takalmin ƙafa mai kama da na ƙwallon ƙafa ga yaran da aka haifa da nakasar ƙafa da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban na magance lanƙwasa na kashin baya. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Ci gaban da aka samu a fannin tiyata a ƙarni na 18, kamar binciken John Hunter kan warkar da jijiyoyi da kuma aikin Percivall Pott kan nakasar ƙashin baya ya ci gaba da ƙara yawan sabbin hanyoyin da ake da su don samun ingantaccen magani. Robert Chessher, wani ƙwararren likitan ƙashin baya na Burtaniya, ya ƙirƙiro jirgin sama mai karkata biyu, wanda ake amfani da shi don magance karyewar ƙashi a ƙananan jiki, a cikin 1790. [6] Antonius Mathijsen, wani likitan tiyata na soja na Holland, ya ƙirƙiro simintin gyaran ƙafa na Paris a cikin 1851. Har zuwa shekarun 1890, duk da haka, tiyatar ƙashin baya har yanzu bincike ne da aka iyakance ga gyaran nakasar yara. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin tiyata na farko da aka haɓaka shine tiyatar ƙashin baya. Wannan ya haɗa da yanke jijiyar, wacce asalinta ita ce jijiyar Achilles, don taimakawa wajen magance nakasar tare da ƙarfafa gwiwa da motsa jiki. A ƙarshen shekarun 1800 da farkon shekarun 1900, babbar ce-ce-ku-ce ta taso game da ko tiyatar ƙashin baya ya kamata ta haɗa da hanyoyin tiyata kwata-kwata. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Kashin baya na zamani

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Hugh Owen Thomas, wani majagaba a fannin tiyatar ƙashi ta zamani

Misalan mutanen da suka taimaka wajen haɓaka tiyatar ƙashi ta zamani sune Hugh Owen Thomas, likitan fiɗa daga Wales, da ɗan uwansa, Robert Jones . [7] Thomas ya fara sha'awar tiyatar ƙashi da daidaita ƙashi tun yana ƙarami, kuma bayan ya kafa nasa aikin, ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa fannin zuwa ga maganin karyewar ƙashi da sauran matsalolin ƙashi. Ya ba da shawarar a tilasta hutawa a matsayin mafi kyawun magani ga karyewar ƙashi da tarin fuka, kuma ya ƙirƙiri abin da ake kira "Thomas splint" don daidaita karyewar ƙashi da hana kamuwa da cuta. Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin wasu sabbin abubuwa na likitanci da yawa waɗanda duk suna ɗauke da sunansa: wuyan Thomas don magance tarin fuka na kashin baya na mahaifa, aikin Thomas, binciken ƙashi don karyewar haɗin gwiwa na kwatangwalo, gwajin Thomas, hanyar gano nakasar kwatangwalo ta hanyar sa majiyyacin ya kwanta a kan gado, da kuma abin da Thomas ke yi don rage karyewar ƙashi, da kuma abin da ake kira "osteoclast" don karya da sake saita ƙashi. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">ana buƙatar ambato</span> ]

Ba a cika yaba wa aikin Thomas ba a rayuwarsa. Sai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ne aka fara amfani da dabarunsa ga sojojin da suka ji rauni a fagen daga. Ɗan uwansa, Sir Robert Jones, ya riga ya sami ci gaba sosai a fannin tiyatar ƙashi a matsayinsa na likitan tiyata da kuma mai kula da ginin Magudanar Ruwa ta Manchester a shekarar 1888. Shi ne ke da alhakin raunin da ya faru a cikin ma'aikata 20,000, kuma ya shirya cikakken sabis na haɗari na farko a duniya, inda ya raba wurin mai nisan mil 36 zuwa sassa uku, sannan ya kafa asibiti da jerin wuraren taimakon gaggawa a kowane sashe. Ya horar da ma'aikatan lafiya kan kula da karyewar ƙashi. [8] Shi da kansa ya kula da shari'o'i 3,000 kuma ya yi tiyata 300 a asibitinsa. Wannan matsayin ya ba shi damar koyon sabbin dabaru da inganta tsarin kula da karyewar ƙashi. Likitoci daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun zo asibitin Jones don koyon dabarunsa. Tare da Alfred Tubby, Jones ya kafa ƙungiyar ƙashi ta Burtaniya a shekarar 1894.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Jones ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan tiyata na rundunar Yankuna . Ya lura cewa maganin karyewar ƙashi a gaba da kuma a asibitoci a gida bai isa ba, kuma ƙoƙarinsa ya haifar da gabatar da asibitocin kashin baya na soja. An naɗa shi Babban Jami'in Kula da Kashi na Sojoji, wanda ke da alhakin gadaje 30,000. Asibitin da ke kan titin Ducane, Hammersmith, ya zama abin koyi ga asibitocin kashin baya na Birtaniya da Amurka. Yaƙinsa na amfani da Thomas splint don maganin karyewar ƙashi na farko ya rage mace-macen karyewar ƙashi a cinyar daga kashi 87% zuwa ƙasa da kashi 8% a tsakanin shekarun 1916 zuwa 1918.

Amfani da sandunan intramedullary don magance karyewar ƙashi na femur da tibia shine Gerhard Küntscher na Jamus ya fara. Wannan ya haifar da babban canji ga saurin murmurewa na sojojin Jamus da suka ji rauni a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kuma ya haifar da ɗaukar ƙarin tsarin gyaran karyewar ƙashi na intramedullary a sauran sassan duniya. Traction ita ce hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wajen magance karyewar ƙashi na cinya har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970, lokacin da ƙungiyar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harborview da ke Seattle ta shahara da gyaran intramedullary ba tare da buɗe karyewar ba.

X-ray na maye gurbin kwatangwalo

Sir John Charnley, ƙwararre a fannin tribology a Asibitin Wrightington, a Ingila, ne ya fara maye gurbin kwatangwalo na zamani a shekarun 1960. [9] Ya gano cewa ana iya maye gurbin saman haɗin gwiwa da dashen da aka siminti a ƙashi. Tsarinsa ya ƙunshi ƙarfe mai bakin ƙarfe, tushen cinya da kai mai yanki ɗaya, da kuma wani abu mai kama da polyethylene acetabular, waɗanda duka an haɗa su da ƙashi ta amfani da simintin ƙashi na PMMA (acrylic). Fiye da shekaru ashirin, tiyatar arthroplasty mai ƙarancin karyewa ta Charnley da ƙirar da aka samo asali su ne tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya. Wannan ya zama tushen duk dashen kwatangwalo na zamani.

An haɓaka tsarin maye gurbin kwatangwalo na Exeter (tare da ɗan bambancin yanayin tushe) a lokaci guda. Tun daga Charnley, ci gaba da haɓakawa ya kasance ci gaba a cikin ƙira da dabarun maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa (arthroplasty) tare da masu ba da gudummawa da yawa, ciki har da WH Harris, ɗan RI Harris, wanda ƙungiyarsa a Harvard ta fara dabarun arthroplasty marasa tsari tare da haɗa ƙashi kai tsaye zuwa dashen.

An fara maye gurbin gwiwa, ta amfani da irin wannan fasaha, ta hannun McIntosh a cikin masu fama da cutar arthritis, sannan daga baya Gunston da Marmor suka fara amfani da shi don magance osteoarthritis a shekarun 1970, wanda John Insall ya ƙirƙiro a New York ta amfani da tsarin bearing mai tsayayye, da kuma Frederick Buechel da Michael Pappas ta amfani da tsarin bearing mai motsi. [10]

Likitocin tiyata na Amurka sun inganta gyaran karyewar jiki a waje a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, amma Gavriil Ilizarov ya bayar da babbar gudummawa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet . An tura shi, ba tare da horo mai yawa na ƙashi ba, don kula da sojojin Rasha da suka ji rauni a Siberia a shekarun 1950. Ba tare da kayan aiki ba, ya fuskanci yanayi masu rauni na karyewar da ba a warke ba, waɗanda suka kamu da cutar, da kuma waɗanda ba su daidaita ba. Tare da taimakon shagon kekuna na gida, ya ƙirƙiro na'urorin gyarawa na waje waɗanda ke da ƙarfi kamar na keke. Da wannan kayan aikin, ya sami waraka, gyarawa, da tsawaitawa zuwa wani lokaci da ba a taɓa gani ba a wasu wurare. Har yanzu ana amfani da na'urar Ilizarov ɗinsa a yau a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin kawar da osteogenesis.

Binciken tiyatar ƙashi da tsoka na zamani sun yi ƙoƙarin rage yawan kamuwa da cuta da kuma sa sassan da aka dasa su zama mafi kyau da dorewa. A gefe guda kuma, tun bayan bullar annobar opioid, an gano likitocin ƙashi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu rubuta magungunan opioid. [11] Rage yawan shan magungunan opioid yayin da har yanzu ake samar da isasshen maganin rage radadi ci gaba ne a tiyatar ƙashi. [11] [12] [13]

Horarwa

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Wannan hoton, wanda aka ɗauka a watan Satumba na 2006, ya nuna gagarumin aikin gyara a acetabulum na dama shekaru shida bayan an yi shi (2000). Farawar amosanin gabbai, wata cuta ta ƙashi/gabobi, ya sa ƙarin lalacewar gaɓoɓin ya bayyana.

Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.  A Amurka, likitocin ƙashi galibi suna kammala karatun digiri na farko da shekaru huɗu na makarantar likitanci kuma suna samun digiri na Doctor of Medicine (MD) ko digiri na Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO). Daga baya, waɗannan ɗaliban makarantar likitanci suna yin horon zama a fannin tiyatar ƙashi. Zaman zama na shekaru biyar horo ne na tiyatar ƙashi na musamman.

Zaɓar horon zama a fannin tiyatar ƙashi yana da matuƙar gasa. Kimanin likitoci 700 ne ke kammala horon zama a ƙashi kowace shekara a Amurka. Kimanin kashi 10% na mazaunan tiyatar ƙashi na yanzu mata ne; kusan kashi 20% membobi ne na ƙungiyoyin tsiraru. Kimanin likitoci 20,400 da ke aiki a fannin tiyatar ƙashi da mazauna suna cikin Amurka. [14] A cewar sabon littafin Jagorar Occupational Outlook Handbook (2011–2012) wanda Ma'aikatar Aiki ta Amurka ta buga, kashi 3–4% na dukkan likitocin da ke aiki a ƙashi ne.

Yawancin likitocin ƙashi suna zaɓar yin ƙarin horo, ko kuma horon aiki, bayan sun kammala horon zama. Horar da ƙungiyar ƙashi a fannin ƙashi yawanci yana ɗaukar shekara ɗaya (wani lokacin biyu) kuma wani lokacin yana da ɓangaren bincike da ya shafi horon asibiti da na tiyata. Misalan horar da ƙwararrun ƙashi a Amurka sune:

  • Tiyatar ƙafa da idon sawu
  • Hannun hannu da gaɓɓan sama
  • Tiyatar hip da gwiwa
  • Likitan Kasusuwa
  • raunin ƙashi
  • Haɗin kai na Osseo
  • Kashin baya na yara
  • Kafada da gwiwar hannu
  • Tiyatar kashin baya
  • Maganin wasanni na tiyata
  • Gyaran haɗin gwiwa gaba ɗaya ( arthroplasty )

Waɗannan fannoni na musamman na likitanci ba wai kawai tiyatar ƙashi ba ce. Misali, wasu likitocin filastik ne ke yin tiyatar hannu, kuma yawancin likitocin jijiyoyin kwakwalwa ne ke yin tiyatar ƙashin baya. Bugu da ƙari, likitocin kula da lafiyar ƙafa da idon ƙafa suma suna yin tiyatar a Amurka. Wasu likitocin kula da lafiyar ƙafa (DPM) a Amurka suna yin tiyatar wasanni, amma iyakokin aikinsu ba sa aiki.

Bayan kammala horon zama na musamman [15] magatakarda, likitan tiyata na kashin [16] cancanci samun takardar shaidar hukumar daga Hukumar Ƙwararrun Likitoci ta Amurka ko Ofishin Ƙwararrun ...

A Amurka, ƙwararru a fannin tiyatar hannu da kuma maganin ƙashi na iya samun takardar shaidar ƙarin cancanta ban da takardar shaidar farko ta hukumar gudanarwarsu ta hanyar kammala jarrabawa daban-daban. Babu wani ƙarin tsarin takardar shaida ga sauran ƙwararrun.

Aiki

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Radiography don gano karyewar ƙashi bayan rauni a gwiwa
Dashen ƙashi don gyara karyewar da ke faruwa a radius da ulna. Lura da karyewar da ake gani a ulna. (hannun dama)
Duba hotunan gaba da gefe na karyewar ƙafar hagu tare da gyara ciki bayan tiyata

A bisa ga aikace-aikacen neman takardar shaidar hukumar gudanarwa daga 1999 zuwa 2003, manyan hanyoyin aiki guda 25 da likitocin kashin baya ke gudanarwa (a jere) sune: [17]

  1. Gyaran gwiwa da kuma cirewar meniscectomy
  2. Gyaran kafada da kuma rage matsa lamba (decompression)
  3. Sakin ramin Carpal
  4. Gyaran gwiwa da kuma tiyatar chondroplasty
  5. Cire dashen tallafi
  6. Gyaran jijiyoyin gwiwa da kuma gyaran haɗin gwiwa na gaba (anterior cruciate ligament)
  7. Sauya gwiwa
  8. Gyaran karyewar wuyan femoral
  9. Gyaran karyewar trochanteric
  10. Rushewar fata/ tsoka / ƙashi /karya
  11. Gyaran arthroscopy na gwiwa na menisci guda biyu
  12. Sauya cinya
  13. Gyaran kafada/cirewar clavicle a cikin kafada
  14. Gyaran jijiyar da ke juyawa da ƙugu
  15. Gyara karyewar radius / ulna
  16. Laminectomy
  17. Gyaran karyewar idon ƙafa (nau'in bimalleolar)
  18. Arthroscopy na kafada da kuma cirewar ƙashin ƙugu
  19. Haɗin kashin baya na lumbar
  20. Gyara karyewar ɓangaren nesa na radius
  21. Tiyatar Disc na Intervertebral a ƙasan baya
  22. Murfin jijiyar yatsa mai kauri
  23. Gyaran karyewar idon ƙafa ( fibula )
  24. Gyaran karyewar shaft ɗin femoral
  25. Gyaran karyewar trochanteric

Jadawalin aikin likitan ƙashi na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi awanni 50-55 na aiki a kowane mako wanda aka raba tsakanin asibiti, tiyata, ayyuka daban-daban na gudanarwa, da kuma yiwuwar koyarwa da/ko bincike idan yana cikin yanayin ilimi. A cewar Ƙungiyar Kwalejojin Likitoci ta Amurka a shekarar 2021, matsakaicin makon aiki na likitan ƙashi shine awanni 57. [18] [19] Duk da haka, wannan ƙiyasin ba shi da yawa, domin binciken da aka samu daga binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2013 na likitocin ƙashi waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin "masu nasara sosai" saboda matsayinsu a fagen ya nuna matsakaicin makonnin aiki na awanni 70 ko fiye. [20] [18]

Tiyatar kashin baya

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Tiyatar kashin baya wani ɓangare ne na tiyatar kashin baya da tiyatar jijiyoyi wanda ke mai da hankali kan gano da kuma magance matsalolin da ke tattare da kashin baya. Alamomin da aka fi sani sun haɗa da yanayin da ke lalacewa kamar su herniation na diski na intervertebral, stenosis na kashin baya, da spondylolisthesis, da kuma nakasar kashin baya, rauni, kamuwa da cuta, da ƙari. [21] [22]

Maganin farko na yawancin cututtukan ƙashi yawanci yana da tsari kuma yana iya haɗawa da maganin ciwon magunguna, maganin motsa jiki, da sauran matakan da ba na tiyata ba. An keɓe tiyata ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwo mai ɗorewa, ƙarancin jijiyoyi masu ci gaba, ko rashin kwanciyar hankali a tsarin.

Hanyoyin tiyata da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da tiyatar cirewa, musamman tiyatar cirewa ta hanyar microdiscectomy don cirewar diski na lumbar, tiyatar laminectomy don rage matsewar tsarin jijiyoyi, da kuma haɗakar kashin baya don daidaita sassan kashin baya da abin ya shafa. [23] Ci gaban da aka samu a fannin fasaha ya haifar da haɓaka hanyoyin da ba su da tasiri sosai da nufin rage lalacewar nama da lokacin murmurewa. [24] [25]

An kuma binciki dabarun da ba su da tasiri sosai kuma masu tasiri sosai don rage zafi da kuma lalacewar fata da ke da alaƙa da faifan. [26] [27] Waɗannan sun haɗa da hanyoyin kamar rage matsin lamba a cikin faifan laser na fata (PLDD), wanda ake amfani da makamashin laser don rage matsin lamba a cikin faifan diski da ƙarar faifan. [28] [29] Nazari da yawa na lura sun ba da rahoton ci gaba na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin alamun ciwo da alamun raguwar faifan diski, tare da ƙarancin adadin rikice-rikice da aka ruwaito a cikin jerin da aka buga. [30] [31] [32] Yawanci ana yin wannan aikin ne a asibiti a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci na gida ko kuma kwantar da hankali, wanda ke ba da damar murmurewa cikin sauri a cikin zaɓaɓɓun marasa lafiya. Duk da cewa binciken farko ya nuna fa'idodi masu yuwuwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike na dogon lokaci mai inganci don fayyace ingancin kwatancen sa da wurinsa a cikin aikin asibiti.

Baya ga hanyoyin tiyata, ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na magance ciwo ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon baya mai ɗorewa, musamman a lokuta da suka gamu da matsalar tiyatar baya . Waɗannan sun haɗa da allurar periradicular (epidural ko tushen jijiya), cire haɗin gwiwa na facet ko medial reshe, da dabarun neuromodulation kamar ƙarfafa kashin baya. [33] Waɗannan jiyya galibi ƙwararru ne ke yin su a fannin maganin ciwo ko tiyatar jijiyoyi kuma suna aiki azaman ƙarin hanyoyin kula da tiyata maimakon manyan hanyoyin.

Arthroscopy

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Amfani da dabarun arthroscopic ya kasance mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya da suka ji rauni. Masaki Watanabe na Japan ne ya fara yin tiyatar arthroscopic a farkon shekarun 1950 don yin tiyatar guringuntsi mai ƙarancin mamayewa da sake gina jijiyoyin da suka yage. Arthroscopic yana ba marasa lafiya damar murmurewa daga tiyatar cikin 'yan kwanaki, maimakon makonni zuwa watanni da ake buƙata ta hanyar tiyata ta al'ada, "buɗe"; dabara ce da ta shahara sosai. Arthroscopy na gwiwa yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da likitocin ƙashi ke yi a yau, kuma galibi ana haɗa shi da meniscectomy ko chondroplasty. Yawancin hanyoyin ƙashi na waje na sama-ƙasa ana yin su ta hanyar arthroscopic. [34]

Gyaran tiyata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Arthroplasty tiyata ce ta kashin baya inda ake maye gurbin saman haɗin gwiwa na musculoskeletal, gyara shi, ko sake daidaita shi ta hanyar osteotomy ko wani tsari. [35] Hanya ce ta zaɓi da ake yi don rage zafi da dawo da aiki ga haɗin gwiwa bayan lalacewa ta hanyar arthritis ( rheumasurgery ) ko wani nau'in rauni. [35] Baya ga tiyatar maye gurbin gwiwa ta yau da kullun, ana iya yin maye gurbin gwiwa mai sassauƙa, wanda a cikinsa ake maye gurbin saman gwiwa ɗaya kawai mai ɗauke da nauyi, [35] amma yana da babban haɗarin tiyatar gyara. [36] Ana amfani da maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa don wasu gidajen haɗin gwiwa, galibi hip [37] ko kafada . [38]

Abin da ke damun bayan tiyatar maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa shine lalacewar saman abubuwan da ke ɗauke da kayan haɗin. [39] Wannan na iya haifar da lalacewa ga ƙashin da ke kewaye kuma yana haifar da gazawar dashen. [39] Roba da aka zaɓa yawanci polyethylene ne mai nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa, wanda kuma ana iya canza shi ta hanyoyin da za su iya inganta halayen lalacewa. [39] An kuma nuna cewa haɗarin tiyatar gyara yana da alaƙa da ƙarar likitan tiyata. [38] [40]

Ilimin Cututtuka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsakanin 2001 da 2016, yawan hanyoyin gyaran tsoka ya ƙaru sosai a Amurka, daga kashi 17.9% zuwa kashi 24.2% na dukkan hanyoyin tiyata (OR) da aka yi a lokacin zaman asibiti. [41]

A wani bincike da aka yi kan zuwa asibiti a Amurka a shekarar 2012, hanyoyin tiyatar kashin baya da haɗin gwiwa sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin dukkan ƙungiyoyin shekaru banda jarirai. Haɗa kashin baya yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin tiyatar OR guda biyar da aka fi yi a kowace ƙungiya banda jarirai 'yan ƙasa da shekara 1 da manya 'yan shekara 85 zuwa sama. Laminectomy ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin manya masu shekaru 18-84. Gyaran gwiwa da maye gurbin kugu suna cikin manyan hanyoyin tiyatar OR guda biyar ga manya masu shekaru 45 zuwa sama. [42]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

  • Dashen ƙashi
  • Jerin labaran raunin da kuma cututtukan ƙashi
  • Jerin abubuwan da aka dasa a kashin baya
  • Mataimakin likitan ƙashi
  • Maganin Orthotics
  • Bayani game da rauni da ƙashi

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Page Samfuri:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ↑ "Orthopedic Surgeons: Seven Things You Need to Know". Penn Musculoskeletal and Rheumatology Blog. The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  2. ↑ "Orthopædia, or, The art of correcting and preventing deformities in children". Classics of Medicine Library. 2 November 1980 – via Google Books.
  3. ↑ Smith DC (September 2015). "Extremity Injury and War: A Historical Reflection". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 473 (9): 2771–2776. doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4327-5. PMC 4523509. PMID 25930212.
  4. ↑ "Orthopedic surgery". Harbin Howell Medical Apparatus and Instruments Co., LTD (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  5. ↑ "Sugar-Tong Forearm Splinting Technique: Application of Sugar-Tong Splint, Postprocedural Care, Complications". Medscape. WebMD LLC. 28 July 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  6. ↑ Valentin, Bruno (October 1958). "Robert Chessher (1750–1831): An English Pioneer in Orthopaedics". Medical History. 2 (4): 308–313. doi:10.1017/s0025727300024054. ISSN 0025-7273. PMC 1034426. PMID 13599783.
  7. ↑ Beckett D (1999). "From bonesetters to orthopedic surgeons: a history of the specialty of orthopedics" (PDF). Surgical Technologist. 31: 6–11.
  8. ↑ Irving M (September 1981). "Care of emergencies in the United Kingdom". British Medical Journal. 283 (6295): 847–849. doi:10.1136/bmj.283.6295.847. PMC 1507078. PMID 6794724.
  9. ↑ Wroblewski BM (July 2002). "Professor Sir John Charnley (1911–1982)". Rheumatology. The British Society for Rheumatology via Oxford Journals. 41 (7): 824–825. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/41.7.824. PMID 12096235.
  10. ↑ Hamelynck KJ (September 2006). "The history of mobile-bearing total knee replacement systems". Orthopedics. 29 (9 Suppl): S7-12. PMID 17002140.
  11. 1 2 Armstrong AD, Hassenbein SE, Black S, Hollenbeak CS (November 2020). "Risk Factors for Increased Postoperative Pain and Recommended Orderset for Postoperative Analgesic Usage". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 36 (11): 845–851. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000876. PMC 7671821. PMID 32889819.
  12. ↑ Seangleulur A, Vanasbodeekul P, Prapaitrakool S, et al. (November 2016). "The efficacy of local infiltration analgesia in the early postoperative period after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 33 (11): 816–831. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000000516. PMID 27428259. S2CID 13813622.
  13. ↑ Hansen RN, Pham A, Strassels SA, Balaban S, Wan GJ (September 2016). "Comparative Analysis of Length of Stay and Inpatient Costs for Orthopedic Surgery Patients Treated with IV Acetaminophen and IV Opioids vs. IV Opioids Alone for Post-Operative Pain". Advances in Therapy. 33 (9): 1635–1645. doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0368-8. PMC 5020121. PMID 27423648.
  14. ↑ "Orthopaedics". OrthoInfo. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). Archived from the original on 2008-04-23. Retrieved 2026-06-12.
  15. ↑ "Your Surgeon is certified by The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery". American Board of Orthopedic Surgery. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  16. ↑ "AOBOS 2012 Candidate Handbook" (PDF). American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery. 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  17. ↑ Garrett WE, Swiontkowski MF, Weinstein JN, Callaghan J, Rosier RN, Berry DJ, et al. (March 2006). "American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Practice of the Orthopaedic Surgeon: Part-II, certification examination case mix" (PDF). The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 88 (3): 660–667. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.01208 (inactive 16 May 2026). PMID 16510834. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2016.CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of Mayu 2026 (link)
  18. 1 2 Pollock JR, Moore ML, Llanes AC, Brinkman JC, Makovicka JL, Dulle DL, et al. (2022-04-08). "Medical Scribes in an Orthopedic Sports Medicine Clinic Improve Productivity and Physician Well-Being". Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation (in Turanci). 4 (3): e997–e1005. doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2022.02.003. ISSN 2666-061X. PMC 9210372 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35747641 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 248064612 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  19. ↑ "Orthopaedic Surgery | Careers in Medicine". www.aamc.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-17.
  20. ↑ Klein G, Hussain N, Sprague S, Mehlman CT, Dogbey G, Bhandari M (2013). "Characteristics of highly successful orthopedic surgeons: a survey of orthopedic chairs and editors". Canadian Journal of Surgery. 56 (3): 192–198. doi:10.1503/cjs.017511. PMC 3672433. PMID 23706848.
  21. ↑ "NASS Diagnosis And Treatment Of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Guideline Summary - Guideline Central". www.guidelinecentral.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-05-15.
  22. ↑ "Clinical Guidelines". www.spine.org. Retrieved 2026-05-15.
  23. ↑ Costa, Francesco; Oertel, Joachim; Zileli, Mehmet; Restelli, Francesco; Zygourakis, Corinna Clio; Sharif, Salman (April 2024). "Role of surgery in primary lumbar disk herniation: WFNS spine committee recommendations". World Neurosurgery: X. 22. doi:10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100276. ISSN 2590-1397. PMC 10943953 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38496347 Check |pmid= value (help).
  24. ↑ Writer, Staff (2026-01-01). "Minimally invasive spine surgery devices: Transforming spinal care with precision and faster recovery". Spinal Surgery News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2026-05-15.
  25. ↑ Skovrlj, Branko; Gilligan, Jeffrey; Cutler, Holt S.; Qureshi, Sheeraz A. (2015-01-16). "Minimally invasive procedures on the lumbar spine". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (1): 1–9. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.1. ISSN 2307-8960. PMC 4295214. PMID 25610845.
  26. ↑ Skovrlj, Branko; Gilligan, Jeffrey; Cutler, Holt S.; Qureshi, Sheeraz A. (January 2015). "Minimally invasive procedures on the lumbar spine". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (1): 1–9. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.1. ISSN 2307-8960. PMC 4295214. PMID 25610845.
  27. ↑ Zileli, Mehmet; Oertel, Joachim; Sharif, Salman; Zygourakis, Corinna (April 2024). "Lumbar disc herniation: Prevention and treatment of recurrence: WFNS spine committee recommendations". World Neurosurgery: X. 22. doi:10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100275. ISSN 2590-1397. PMC 10878111 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38385057 Check |pmid= value (help).
  28. ↑ Radoš, Ivan; Lončarić Katušin, Mirjana; Budrovac, Dino; Dimitrijević, Iva; Hnatešen, Dijana; Omrčen, Ivan (November 2023). "Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression for Lumbar Radicular Pain: A Systematic Review of Pubmed in the Last Five Years". Acta Clinica Croatica. 62 (Suppl4): 63–67. doi:10.20471/acc.2023.62.s4.9. ISSN 1333-9451. PMC 12128808 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 40463453 Check |pmid= value (help).
  29. ↑ Gazzeri, Roberto; Occhigrossi, Felice; Galarza, Marcelo; Mercieri, Marco; Leoni, Matteo Luigi Giuseppe (2025-11-01). "Radiological analysis of herniated disc size changes after percutaneous laser disc decompression". Pain Medicine (in Turanci). 26 (11): 741–748. doi:10.1093/pm/pnaf070. ISSN 1526-2375. PMID 40418221 Check |pmid= value (help).
  30. ↑ Gazzeri, Roberto; Occhigrossi, Felice; Galarza, Marcelo; Mercieri, Marco; Leoni, Matteo Luigi Giuseppe (2025-11-01). "Radiological analysis of herniated disc size changes after percutaneous laser disc decompression". Pain Medicine (in Turanci). 26 (11): 741–748. doi:10.1093/pm/pnaf070. ISSN 1526-2375. PMID 40418221 Check |pmid= value (help).
  31. ↑ Radoš, Ivan; Lončarić Katušin, Mirjana; Budrovac, Dino; Dimitrijević, Iva; Hnatešen, Dijana; Omrčen, Ivan (November 2023). "Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression for Lumbar Radicular Pain: A Systematic Review of Pubmed in the Last Five Years". Acta Clinica Croatica. 62 (Suppl4): 63–67. doi:10.20471/acc.2023.62.s4.9. ISSN 1333-9451. PMC 12128808 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 40463453 Check |pmid= value (help).
  32. ↑ Policicchio, Domenico; Boniferro, Benedetta; Lo Turco, Erica; Mauro, Giuseppe; Veraldi, Antonio; Vescio, Virginia; Vescio, Giuseppe; Dipellegrini, Giosuè (2025-06-14). "Comparative Efficacy of Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD) and Conservative Therapy for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Retrospective, Observational, Single-Center Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine (in Turanci). 14 (12): 4235. doi:10.3390/jcm14124235. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 12194567 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 40565980 Check |pmid= value (help).
  33. ↑ Sayed, Dawood; Grider, Jay; Strand, Natalie; Hagedorn, Jonathan M.; Falowski, Steven; Lam, Christopher M.; Tieppo Francio, Vinicius; Beall, Douglas P.; Tomycz, Nestor D.; Davanzo, Justin R.; Aiyer, Rohit; Lee, David W.; Kalia, Hemant; Sheen, Soun; Malinowski, Mark N. (2022). "The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline of Interventional Treatments for Low Back Pain". Journal of Pain Research. 15: 3729–3832. doi:10.2147/JPR.S386879. ISSN 1178-7090. PMC 9739111 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36510616 Check |pmid= value (help).
  34. ↑ Jain NB, Higgins LD, Losina E, Collins J, Blazar PE, Katz JN (January 2014). "Epidemiology of musculoskeletal upper extremity ambulatory surgery in the United States". BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 15. doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-4. PMC 3893587. PMID 24397703.
  35. 1 2 3 "Restoring Joint Function with Arthroplasty" (in Turanci). Johns Hopkins University. 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  36. ↑ Levy KH, Fusco PJ, Salazar-Restrepo SA, et al. (December 2023). "Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty revised to total knee arthroplasty versus primary total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of matched studies". The Knee. 45: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2023.09.001. PMID 37708740 Check |pmid= value (help).
  37. ↑ "Hip replacement surgery". Johns Hopkins University. 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  38. 1 2 "Shoulder replacements are less likely to be revised when surgeons perform more than 10 a year". NIHR Evidence. 18 January 2024. doi:10.3310/nihrevidence_61746. S2CID 267133950 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  39. 1 2 3 Dreyer MJ, Weisse B, Contreras Raggio JI, et al. (November 2023). "The influence of implant design and limb alignment on in vivo wear rates of fixed-bearing and rotating-platform knee implant retrievals". Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 42 (4): 777–787. doi:10.1002/jor.25734. PMID 37975250 Check |pmid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  40. ↑ Valsamis, Epaminondas Markos; Collins, Gary S.; Pinedo-Villanueva, Rafael; et al. (2023-06-21). "Association between surgeon volume and patient outcomes after elective shoulder replacement surgery using data from the National Joint Registry and Hospital Episode Statistics for England: population based cohort study". BMJ (in Turanci). 381. doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-075355. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 10283034 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37343999 Check |pmid= value (help).
  41. ↑ Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A (March 2014). "Trends in Operating Room Procedures in U.S. Hospitals, 2001—2011". HCUP Statistical Brief No. 171. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. PMID 24851286.
  42. ↑ "Most Frequent Operating Room Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2012". HCUP Statistical Brief No. 186. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. December 2014.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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Samfuri:MedicineSamfuri:Bone, cartilage, and joint procedures

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