Aji yayyen Tafki

Aji yayyen Tafki
General information
Height above mean sea level (en)	24 m
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	40°42′59″N 74°00′06″W
Kasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Territory	Manhattan (mul)

Wani launi na ruwa na 1798 na Collect Pond . Dutsen Bayard, tudun mai tsawon mita 34, yana gefen hagu. Kafin a daidaita shi a kusa da 1811 yana kusa da tsakiya na yanzu na Mott da Grand Streets. Birnin New York, wanda daga nan ya kai ga wani shinge wanda ya gudana kusan arewa maso kudu maso gabas daga titin Chambers da Broadway na yau, ana iya ganinsa bayan bakin tekun kudu.

Collect Pond, ko Fresh Water Pond, wani ruwa ne na ruwa a yanzu shine Chinatown a Lower Manhattan, New York City. A cikin ƙarni biyu na farko na ƙawancen Turai a Manhattan, shine babban tsarin samar da ruwa na birnin New York don birni mai girma. Daga baya aka gina gidan yari akan tsohon tafkin. A cikin karni na 20, wurin ya zama Gidan Tafki na Tattara (40°42′59″N 74°00′07″W / 40.7163°N 74.0019°W), wanda ya haɗa da tafkin mai nuni don sanin mahimmancin tarihi na wannan jikin ruwa.

Bayani na tafkin

Tafkin ya mamaye kusan kadada 48 (190,000 m2) kuma ya kai tsayin ƙafa 60 (18 m). An ciyar da shi ta wani marmaro na karkashin kasa, yana cikin kwari, tare da Dutsen Bayard (a tsawon ƙafa 110 ko 34 tsayin tudu mafi tsayi a cikin ƙananan Manhattan) zuwa arewa maso gabas da Kalck Hoek (Yaren mutanen Holland don Chalk Point, mai suna don yawancin harsashi na kawa da 'yan asalin Amurkawa na asali suka bari) zuwa yamma. Wani rafi ya kwararo daga arewa daga kandami sannan kuma yaje yamma ta cikin wani ruwa mai gishiri (wanda bayan ya kwashe, ya zama makiyaya mai suna "Lispenard Meadows") zuwa kogin Hudson, yayin da wani rafi da ya fito daga kudu maso gabashin tafkin a wata hanya ta gabas zuwa Kogin Gabas.

Tekun Tafkin Tara na kudu maso yamma shine wurin zama na ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da aka sani da Werpoes. Ƙananan ƙungiyar Munsee, yankin arewacin Lenape, sun mamaye wurin. Munsee ya ci gaba da zama a Tafkin Tara har sai an kafa mazaunin Dutch na New Amsterdam a cikin karni na 17. Yana yiwuwa mambobi na wannan ƙungiya sun kasance mahalarta a cikin "sayar da" Manhattan zuwa Yaren mutanen Holland.

An yi amfani da Pond Tattara azaman iyaka don ayyukan kallon dare a cikin 1731 ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan John Montgomerie a lokacin mulkin Birtaniyya a birnin New York. Tafkin yana gida ga kifaye masu yawa, kuma a cikin 1734 an kafa dokar hana amfani da raga a cikin tafki. Wannan ya kasance kafin mummunan gurɓataccen ruwa ga tafkin, wanda ya haɗa da zubar da matattun dabbobi.

Karni na 18

Tattara Pond da Points biyar a kan taswirar taswirar da Egbert Viele ya yi. Tsakanin Five Points shine inda Mosco Street (wanda aka yi alama a nan a matsayin Park Street) ya haɗu da Baxter Street (tsohon Orange Street) da Worth Street (tsohuwar Anthony Street).

A cikin karni na 18, an yi amfani da tafkin a matsayin wurin shakatawa a lokacin rani da kuma filin wasan motsa jiki a lokacin hunturu. Da farko a farkon karni na 18, an gina kamfanoni daban-daban na kasuwanci a bakin tekun don amfani da ruwa. Wadannan kasuwancin sun hada da Coulthards Brewery, Gidan yanka na Nicholas Bayard a kan titin Mulberry (wanda ake kira "Slaughterhouse Street"), masana'antun fata da yawa a bakin tekun kudu maso gabas, da kuma ayyukan tukwane na Baƙi na Jamus Johan Willem Crolius da Johan Remmey a kan Pot Bakers Hill a bakin tekuna kudu maso yamma. A ƙarshen karni na 18, an ɗauki tafkin a matsayin "maɓallin ruwa da kuma magudanar ruwa na yau da kullun".

Gwajin jirgin ruwa na John Fitch

Fitch yana gwada jirginsa a kan Tattara Pond

Gwajin Jirgin ruwa na John Fitch ne kan Collect Pond

Mai ƙirƙira Connecticut John Fitch ya kasance mai yin kayan aiki da ke aiki a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18. A matsayin farkon majagaba na kewayawa na tururi, Fitch ya gwada jiragen ruwa da yawa a kan kogin Delaware tsakanin 1785 da 1788. Nasarar ta ainihi ta Fitch, duk da haka, ta faru ne a cikin 1796 lokacin da ya gwada wani jirgin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da motar motsa jiki a kan Tafki Mai Girma. A cikin jirgin tare da shi akwai ɗan ƙera Robert Fulton, Robert R. Livingston, wanda shi ne shugaban gwamnati na farko na New York kuma mai sa hannu kan ayyana 'yancin kai, da John Hutchings ɗan shekara 16, yana tuƙi.

Wannan shi ne shekaru shida kafin Fulton da Livingston suka kaddamar da "Fulton's Fooly" a kan kogin Seine a Faransa. Hutchings ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ɗan yaro ne a lokacin wanda ya “taimaka wa Mista Fitch wajen tuƙi jirgin”. A cikin wani fili da aka bayar a cikin 1846, Hutchings ya tabbatar da cewa a zahiri Fitch ne ya tsara injin tururi. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa duka Fulton da Livingston sun kasance a yayin gwaje-gwajen Tafki na Tattara kuma a zahiri suna kwatanta duka biyun, da kuma Fitch da kansa, a cikin wani jirgin ruwa mai tururi a cikin kusurwar hagu na sama. Ko da yake Fulton da alama ya sami mafi yawan lamuni na zamanin kewayawa tururi, Hutchings ya yi fatan, ta hanyar buga wannan faɗuwar, don ba da haske kan gudummawar Fitch shima. Wani plaque a Collect Pond Park, duk da haka, ya bayyana cewa ko da yake asusun Fitch "ana maimaita sau da yawa, ba a sami wata shaida da ta tabbatar da labarin ba."

Cutar da zubar da shara

Gurbataccen ruwan sha na kasuwannin da ke kewaye da tafkin ya koma cikin tafkin, lamarin da ya haifar da mummunar matsalar gurbatar muhalli da kuma illar muhalli. Pierre Charles L'Enfant ya ba da shawarar tsaftace tafki da mai da shi tsakiyar wurin shakatawa, wanda wuraren zama na birni za su iya girma. Ba a ƙi yarda da shawararsa ba, kuma an yanke shawarar zazzagewa da cika tafki. An cim ma hakan ne da ƙasa da aka samu daga matakin daidaita tsaunukan da ke kusa da Dutsen Bayard da Kalck Hoek, da kuma haƙa magudanar ruwa zuwa arewa don ƙarfafa ruwa ya malala cikin kogin. An kammala aikin share fage a shekara ta 1811, kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka gina gidaje masu matsakaici a kan ƙasar da aka kwato.

Ba a yi aikin gyaran shara ba sosai. Tsiyoyin da aka binne sun fara sakin iskar methane (samfurin da ke haifar da lalacewa) kuma yankin, har yanzu yana cikin damuwa na yanayi, ba shi da isassun magudanar ruwa. Sakamakon haka, ƙasa ta lafa a hankali. Gidajen sun koma kan harsashinsu, titunan da ba a gina su ba, galibi ana binne su a cikin wata kafa ta laka da gauraye da najasar mutane da na dabbobi, da kuma sauro a cikin tafkunan da rashin magudanan ruwa suka yi.

Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, Birnin New York ya sami sabon, wadataccen wadataccen ruwan sha daga mashigar ruwa ta Croton. Unguwar da aka fi sani da "Five Points", sanannen ƙauyen ƙauyen, ya haɓaka kusa da tsohon bankin gabas na tattarawa kuma yana bin kasancewarsa a wani ma'auni na rashin aikin share fage (wanda aka kammala a 1811) wanda ya haifar da fadama, yanayin sauro a ƙasar da tun asali tana da mazaunan da suka fi dacewa.

Yawancin mazaunan matsakaita da babba sun gudu daga yankin, inda suka bar unguwar a buɗe ga matalautan baƙi waɗanda suka fara isowa a farkon 1820s. Wannan kwararowar ya kai tsayi a cikin 1840s, tare da ɗimbin ɗimbin Katolika na Irish suna tserewa Babban Yunwa.

Kabarin

Ginin Kabari na asali a cikin 1896

An gina gidan yarin New York, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "The Tombs", a kan titin Centre a shekara ta 1838 a kan wurin da kandami, kuma an gina shi a kan wani katafaren dandali na katako na katako a kokarin ba shi kafaffen tushe. Zane, na John Haviland, ya dogara ne akan zanen wani tsohon kabari na Masarawa. Ginin ya kasance ƙafa 253 (77 m) a tsayi da faɗinsa ƙafa 200 (61 m) kuma ya mamaye cikakken shinge, kewaye da Cibiyar, Franklin, Elm (Lafayette na yau), da Titin Leonard. Da farko ta dauki fursunoni kusan 300.

Ginin gidan yarin ya fara raguwa kusan da zarar an kammala shi kuma ya shahara da yabo a matakin mafi karancinsa da kuma damshinsa gaba daya. An maye gurbin ainihin ginin a cikin 1902 tare da sabon abu akan wannan rukunin yanar gizon da aka haɗa ta "Bridge of Sighs" zuwa Ginin Kotunan Laifuka a gefen titin Franklin. Lokacin da aka yi Allah wadai da ginin kaburbura na asali kuma aka rushe a ƙarshen karni, an ajiye manyan caissons na kankare zuwa gadaje, wanda ya kai ƙafa 140 ƙasa da matakin titi, domin a ba da ƙarin amintattun tushe. An maye gurbin wannan ginin a cikin 1941 da ɗaya a gefen titi a gefen gabas na titin Center tare da ƙofar a 125 White Street, a hukumance mai suna Manhattan Detention Complex, kodayake har yanzu ana kiranta da "The Tombs".

Canjin wurin shakatawa

Gidan shakatawa a cikin 2008, yana fuskantar Gabas

tushe dutse na Kabarin da aka gano yayin sake gina Gidan Gida na Tattara a farkon 2012

Gidan shakatawa yana kan iyaka da Lafayette Street, Leonard Street, Centre Street, da White Street, kuma yana zaune tsakanin kotuna uku na gari: Kotun hukunta, Kotun Jama'a, da Kotun Iyali.

A cikin 1960, Hukumar Kiyasta ta Birnin New York ta canza wurin tsohon wurin Tafki zuwa Ma'aikatar Wuta da Nishaɗi na birnin New York don juyowa zuwa wurin shakatawa. Asalin sunan "Civil Court Park" saboda kusancinta da gidajen kotunan da ke kewaye, an sake masa suna "Tari Pond Park" karkashin kwamishinan Henry J. Stern don wakiltar tarihin wurin.

A shekara ta 2006, birnin ya sami kudade don gyaran Collect Pond Park, ta amfani da kudaden tallafin tarayya da aka rarraba bayan hare-haren 11 ga Satumba. An rufe wurin shakatawa don sake ginawa a cikin shekara ta 2011. An gano tushe na dutse na The Tombs a cikin shekara ta 2012, wanda ya haifar da wani tsari na dakatar da aiki yayin da ake jiran binciken archaeological. An sake buɗe wurin shakatawa da aka sake ginawa a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, tare da tafkin da ke tunawa da tsohon Collect Pond . Aikin ya kashe dala miliyan 4.6. Kodayake wurin shakatawa ya shahara tsakanin mazauna da baƙi, dole ne a zubar da tafkin kuma a gyara shi a cikin watanni bayan sake buɗe wurin shakatawa; an sake cika shi a cikin 2015.

Har yanzu ana iya tabbatar da ƙaƙƙarfan iyakoki na Tafkin Tafsiri da kuma ainihin yanayin sama a cikin tudun titunan yankin, tare da mafi ƙanƙanta tsayin titin Cibiyar da ke gudana a cikin kusancin tsakiyar tsohon kandami.

A cikin 2020, aikin sculptor na Italiyanci-Argentine Luciano Garbati Medusa tare da Shugaban Perseus (2008), wakilci mai tsayi bakwai na Medusa ɗauke da kan Perseus, an shigar da shi a tsakiyar wurin shakatawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin fasahar jama'a na Sashen Parks na NYC. Ayyukan Garbati, juyewar Celini's Perseus tare da Shugaban Medusa, tagulla na Renaissance na Italiya, masu fafutukar MeToo ne suka sake tunani a matsayin alamar nasara ta mata.

Haɗin waje

• Tattara Pond Park akan Taswirar Google
• Tattara Bidiyo
• Tattara Pond Park - Ma'aikatar Gidajen Gidajen Ruwa da Wasanni ta Birnin New York