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Ajiye kudi

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Infotaula d'esdevenimentAjiye kudi

Iri hali
Tara tef

Ajiye kuɗi aiki ne na shiga cikin yawan sayen abubuwan da ba a buƙata ko kuma waɗanda babu sarari a kansu. [1] Ajiye kuɗi ana iya bayyana shi a matsayin tattarawa da riƙe wasu abubuwa marasa yawa. Wasu abubuwan da aka saba tara sun haɗa da tsabar kuɗi da ake ɗauka suna da ƙima ta asali, kamar waɗanda aka ƙera a azurfa, ko zinariya, da kuma abubuwan da aka tara, kayan ado, ƙarfe masu daraja [2] da sauran kayan alatu.

A cartoon of two women with the above panel having a woman hoarding and the below panel having the two share resources via rationing
Wani fosta mai hana ajiyar kuɗi da rarrabawa daga Amurka a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Labarin tattara kayan tarihi na farko da aka rubuta shi ne a gidan Collyer da 'yan'uwan Homer da Langley suka gina a shekarar 1947, a birnin New York. Gidansu ya zama abin jan hankali a shekarar 1938 saboda yawan tarin kayan tarihi da aka samu a gidansu bayan mutuwarsu. [3]

Damuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidan mai tara kuɗi na tilas

Mutanen da suka cika sharuddan ganewar asali na matsalar tarin abubuwa suna fuskantar damuwa ko rashin jin daɗi game da zubar da kayan da ba sa buƙata. Wannan rashin jin daɗi ya samo asali ne daga sha'awar motsin rai ga dukiya da kuma imani mai ƙarfi cewa za a buƙaci kayansu a nan gaba. Mallaka zai ɗauki ƙimar motsin rai wanda ya fi ƙimar aikinsu. Wannan ba ya bambanta da wanda ba shi da matsalar tarin abubuwa; bambancin ya ta'allaka ne da ƙarfin wannan ƙimar motsin rai da kuma adadin abubuwan da ke ɗaukar darajar motsin rai. Saboda wannan dalili, lokacin da ake zubar da abubuwa, masu tattara abubuwa na iya jin kamar suna zubar da wani ɓangare na kansu. [4]

A cikin mawuyacin hali, gida na iya zama haɗarin gobara (saboda toshewar hanyoyin fita da takardu masu tarin yawa) ko kuma haɗarin lafiya (saboda kamuwa da ƙwari, najasa da tarkace daga dabbobin gida masu yawa, abinci da shara da aka tara, ko haɗarin rugujewar abubuwa a kan mazauna da toshe hanyoyin fita). Don haka, tarawa yana shafar fiye da mai kayan kawai, kamar yadda yanayin gidan da aka tara zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga duk mazauna har ma da maƙwabta. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke da matsalar tarawa na iya samun rayuwa mai kyau kamar waɗanda aka gano suna da cutar schizophrenia . [5] Daga ƙarshe, matsalar tana ƙara yawan damuwa a cikin iyali, [6] rashin aiki, [7] da kuma haɗarin mummunan yanayi na lafiya. [8]

Matsalar ajiyar kuɗi tana farawa ne daga matsakaicin shekaru 13. [9] Gabaɗaya ra'ayi shine maza da mata suna da saurin tara kuɗi. [10] Ajiye kuɗi na iya gudana a cikin iyalai, kuma yana iya yiwuwa kwayoyin halitta suna taka rawa wajen haɓaka halayen tattara kuɗi. [11] Hakanan, wannan ɗabi'a na iya tasowa saboda yanayin rayuwa kamar asara mai wahala, baƙin ciki da matsalolin kuɗi waɗanda ke sa mutane su yi watsi da kayansu.

A cewar Littafin Bincike da Lissafi na Cututtukan Hankali, ka'idojin matsalar tarawa sun ta'allaka ne zuwa manyan abubuwa guda biyar. Na farko, mai tara kaya yana fuskantar wahalar rabuwa da kayayyaki ba tare da la'akari da darajar kayan ba. Na biyu, mai tara kaya yana jin buƙatar adana kayayyaki, kuma idan suka rabu da su, yana haifar da matsala mai tsanani. Wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da abubuwa da suka mamaye gida har zuwa lokacin da rayuwa ta lalace kuma ba za a iya amfani da ɗakuna don manufofin da aka nufa ba. Idan gidan bai faɗa cikin irin wannan yanayi ba, to kawai saboda ɓangarorin waje ne suka shiga tsakani. Na huɗu, tarin kaya ya lalata rayuwar mai tara kaya ta wata hanya mai mahimmanci ta asibiti, gami da rashin iya kula da yanayin rayuwa mai aminci. Na biyar, ana bayar da ganewar cutar ne kawai idan wani ganewar cutar ta hankali bai dace da kyau ba kuma babu wani dalili na ilimin halittar jiki don bayyana tarin kaya. Don samun cikakken bayani game da ka'idojin ganewar cutar, Littafin Bincike da Lissafi na Cututtukan Hankali yana samuwa ga jama'a. [12]

A cikin DSM-IV, an jera tarin abubuwa a matsayin alamar matsalar rashin lafiyar halayen mutum mai yawan damuwa da kuma matsalar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa ; [13] [14] duk da haka, an gano cewa tarin abubuwa yana da alaƙa mai rauni da OCD ko OCPD idan aka kwatanta da sauran alamun. Saboda haka, an sanya tarin abubuwa a cikin DSM-5 a matsayin wata cuta daban. [15] Duk da haka, ana samun tarin abubuwa tare da OCD. An gano cewa marasa lafiya da OCD waɗanda ke nuna alamun tarin abubuwa suna nuna wani nau'in tarin abubuwa, inda suka fi iya tara "abubuwa masu ban mamaki" kuma suna yin al'adun tilastawa da ke da alaƙa da halayen tarin abubuwa, kamar al'adun duba abubuwa ko al'adun da dole ne a kammala su kafin a jefar da su. [16]

Kimanin kashi 2.6% na al'umma suna fama da matsalar tarin abubuwa, [17] kodayake wasu bincike sun nuna cewa yawan mutanen da ke rayuwa a tsawon rayuwarsu na iya kaiwa har zuwa kashi 14%.

Yawan kamuwa da cutar tarin abubuwa yana ƙaruwa sosai yayin da shekaru suka yi yawa, kuma mutanen da suka haura shekaru 54 suna da yuwuwar cika sharuddan matsalar tarin abubuwa sau uku. [18] [19] Duk da haka, alamun tarin abubuwa galibi suna bayyana a farkon ƙuruciya kuma suna ƙaruwa zuwa manyan matakai a asibiti a tsakiyar shekaru. Fiye da rabin mutanen da ke fama da tarin abubuwa sun ba da rahoton cewa fara tarin abubuwa yana da alaƙa da wani mummunan lamari na rayuwa, kuma a cikin wannan rukunin, shekarun fara tarin abubuwa ya fi yawa. Nazarin cututtuka ya nuna cewa yawan tarin abubuwa ya ninka na maza sau biyu, kodayake ana gudanar da nazarin asibiti kan yanayin tarin abubuwa galibi ga mata. Wannan yana nuna cewa ba a yin nazari sosai kan masu tattara abubuwa maza kuma ba sa samun isasshen magani.

A cewar wasu bincike [20], an danganta ilimin ɗan adam, ko kuma sha'awar danganta halayen ɗan adam ga abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba, da tarawa. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya nuna cewa matasa suna da ƙwarewa da halaye masu yawa na tarawa da kuma halayyar ɗan adam, kuma mata sun nuna halaye masu ƙarfi na farko na ɗan adam idan aka kwatanta da maza. [21]

Magani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babu wani magani da Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta amince da shi a halin yanzu don magance alamun tarin abubuwa. Duk da cewa, wasu magunguna, kamar masu hana serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) da masu hana serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), ana iya amfani da su ba tare da laƙabi ba ga mutanen da aka gano suna da matsalar tarin abubuwa. [1]

Babban maganin matsalar tattarawa shine ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Musamman ma, ana ɗaukar maganin halayyar fahimta a matsayin ma'aunin zinare don magance matsalar. [22]

A cikin adabi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin Barkwancin Allah, an nuna waɗanda ke tara kuɗi a matsayin masu zunubi da aka kulle a cikin yaƙi na har abada da masu ɓarna. Pluto (tsohon allahn dukiya yanzu ya zama aljani kuma yana magana da zamba), dole ne su tura manyan duwatsu (wato kuɗi) zuwa akasin haka. Duk lokacin da layukan masu zunubi biyu suka haɗu, suna zargin junansu da zagin juna. An hukunta masu tara kuɗi da masu ɓarna zuwa Jahannama saboda rashin iya yin adalci da kuɗi. [1]

A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na William Shakespeare mai suna Coriolanus, Caius Marcius da mabiyansa suna tara hatsi, suna raba shi ne kawai da waɗanda suka ga sun cancanta. [23]

Duba kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Tarawa
  • Tara kuɗi ta dijital
  • Hoard (ilimin kayan tarihi)
  • Tara kuɗi (tattalin arziki)
  • Siyan tsoro
  • Plyushkin, wani kamfani na Rasha mai tatsuniyoyi, wanda bayan haka wani lokacin ana kiransa da "cutar Plyushkin"
  • Ilimin halin dan Adam na tattarawa
  • Tara (halayyar dabba)

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Hoarding disorder - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  2. ↑ Palmer, Barclay. "A Beginner's Guide to Precious Metals". Investopedia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-09.
  3. ↑ "PDF.js viewer" (PDF). library.oapen.org. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  4. ↑ Frost, Randy (1995). "A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Compulsive Hoarding". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 34 (4): 341–350. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00071-2. PMID 8871366.
  5. ↑ Saxena, Sanjaya; Ayers, Catherine R.; Maidment, Karron M.; Vapnik, Tanya; Wetherell, Julie L.; Bystritsky, Alexander (2011). "Quality of life and functional impairment in compulsive hoarding". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 45 (4): 475–480. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.08.007. PMC 3009837. PMID 20822778.
  6. ↑ Tolin, David F.; Frost, Randy O.; Steketee, Gail; Fitch, Kristin E. (2008). "Family burden of compulsive hoarding: Results of an internet survey". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 46 (3): 334–344. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.12.008. PMC 3018822. PMID 18275935.
  7. ↑ Mathes, Brittany M.; Henry, Alastair; Schmidt, Norman B.; Norberg, Melissa M. (2018). "Hoarding symptoms and workplace impairment". British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 58 (3): 342–356. doi:10.1111/bjc.12212. PMID 30548281. S2CID 56484725.
  8. ↑ Tolin, David F.; Frost, Randy O.; Steketee, Gail; Gray, Krista D.; Fitch, Kristin E. (2008). "The economic and social burden of compulsive hoarding". Psychiatry Research. 160 (2): 200–211. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.08.008. PMC 3018686. PMID 18597855.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ":0".
  10. ↑ Rodriguez, Carolyn (August 2021). "What is Hoarding Disorder". American Psychiatric Association.
  11. ↑ Rodriguez, Carolyn. "Expert Q&A: Hoarding Disorder". American Psychiatry Association.
  12. ↑ "DSM-5 Hoarding Disorder Criteria". doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x06_Obsessive_Compulsive_and_Related_Disorders.
  13. ↑ "Hoarding Disorder: DSM-5 Criteria, Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Comorbidities". psychopharmacologyinstitute.com. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  14. ↑ "Hoarding disorder: a new obsessive-compulsive related disorder in DSM-5" (PDF). old.jpsychopathol.it. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  15. ↑ Grisham, J. R.; Norberg, M. M. (2010). "Compulsive hoarding: Current controversies and new directions". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 12 (2): 233–240. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/jgrisham. PMC 3181962. PMID 20623927.
  16. ↑ Pertusa, A.; Fullana, M. A.; Singh, S.; Alonso, P.; Menchón, J. M.; Mataix-Cols, D. (2008). "Compulsive hoarding: OCD symptom, distinct clinical syndrome, or both?". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (10): 1289–1298. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111730. PMID 18483134.
  17. ↑ "From Clutter to Crisis: Recognizing the Levels of Hoarding Behavior". www.traumaservices.com. 28 November 2024. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  18. ↑ "Hoarding concerns rise as America ages". www.axios.com. 2 July 2024. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  19. ↑ "Hoarding As a Mental Health Disorder". facty.com. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  20. ↑ Burgess, Alexandra M.; Graves, Lucy M.; Frost, Randy O. (June 2018). "My possessions need me: Anthropomorphism and hoarding". Scandinavian Journal of Psychology (in Turanci). 59 (3): 340–348. doi:10.1111/sjop.12441. ISSN 0036-5564. PMID 29608213.
  21. ↑ Neave, Nick; Jackson, Rachel; Saxton, Tamsin; Hönekopp, Johannes (2015-01-01). "The influence of anthropomorphic tendencies on human hoarding behaviours". Personality and Individual Differences. 72: 214–219. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.041. ISSN 0191-8869.
  22. ↑ Gilliam, Christina M.; Norberg, Melissa M.; Villavicencio, Anna; Morrison, Samantha; Hannan, Scott E.; Tolin, David F. (2011). "Group cognitive-behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: An open trial". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 49 (11): 802–807. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.008. PMID 21925643.
  23. ↑ Chang, Ryan (November 14, 2022). "Historical Portrayal of Hoarding Disorder in European Literature and Its Relationship to the Economic and Personal Circumstances of the Authors". Cureus. 14 (11). doi:10.7759/cureus.31025. PMC 9629820 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 36349076 Check |pmid= value (help).
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