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Al'adun Albania

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Al'adun Albania

Tatsuniyar Albaniya ita ce al'adar al'adun mutanen Albaniya . An watsa al'adun Albaniya ta baki - ta hanyar tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa zamani - ƙasa da tsararraki kuma har yanzu suna da rai sosai a cikin yankunan tsaunukan Albaniya, Kosovo da yammacin Arewacin Makidoniya, da kuma tsakanin Arbëreshë a Italiya da Arvanites a Girka, da Arbanasi a Croatia . [1]

Bikin fasaha mafi mahimmanci na al'adun Albaniya - Bikin Jama'a na Gjirokastër - yana faruwa kowace shekara biyar a Gjirokastër Castle a Gjirokastër, kudancin Albaniya . [2]

Tarin

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An ba da al'adun Albaniya ta baki a cikin tsararraki . [3] An kiyaye su ta hanyar tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar al'ada waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa zamani na zamani a Albaniya, al'amarin da aka bayyana ta rashin samuwar ƙasa a tsakanin Albaniya da kakanninsu - Illyrians, suna iya kiyaye tsarin al'ummarsu na "kabila" . Wannan ya bambanta su da wayewa irin su tsohuwar Masar, Minoans da Mycenaeans, waɗanda suka sami tsarin ƙasa kuma suka rushe ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na al'ada. [4]

Abubuwan al'adun gargajiya na Albaniya, imani, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi an bayyana su a kaikaice a cikin rubuce-rubucen tushe tun daga karni na 15 AD, [5] [6] [7] amma tarin al'adun Albaniya da kayan tarihi na al'ada ya fara ne kawai a cikin karni na 19. [7]

Albaniya masu tarawa

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Arbëresh marubuci Girolamo de Rada (1814-1903)
Firist na Albaniya Franciscan kuma masani Shtjefën Gjeçovi (1874-1929)

An riga an tabbatar da tatsuniyoyi na Albaniya a cikin ayyukan da aka rubuta cikin harshen Albaniya tun farkon ƙarni na 15; [7] duk da haka, tsarin tarin kayan tarihin Albaniya ya fara ne kawai a cikin karni na 19. [7]

Ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓar Albaniya na farko daga Italiya shi ne marubucin Arbëresh Girolamo De Rada wanda - ya riga ya cika sha'awar zuriyarsa a farkon rabin karni na 19 - ya fara tattara kayan tarihi tun yana ƙarami. Wani muhimmin mawallafin Arbëresh na al'adun Albanian shine masanin harshe Demetrio Camarda, wanda ya haɗa a cikin 1866 Appendice al Saggio di grammatologia comparata (Shafi ga Essay on the Comparative Grammar) samfurori na prose, kuma musamman, Arbëreshly, Albabria Albabria da waƙoƙin gargajiya daga Calabria . Girka De Rada da Camarda su ne manyan jiga-jigan al'adun al'adun Albania guda biyu a Italiya. [8] A Girka, marubucin Arvanite Anastas Kullurioti ya buga kayan tarihin Albanian a cikin 1882 Albanikon alfavêtarion / Avabatar arbëror (Littafin Haruffa Albaniya). [9]

Farkawa ta Ƙasar Albaniya ( Rlindja ) ta haifar da tarin kayan tarihi a Albaniya a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19. Ɗaya daga cikin farkon masu tara albaniya na al'adun Albaniya daga Albaniya daidai shine Zef Jubani . Daga 1848 ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga karamin jakadan Faransa a Shkodra, Louis Hyacinthe Hécquard, wanda ke da sha'awar sosai, kuma ya yanke shawarar shirya littafi a kan, tarihin al'adun Albania na arewa. Sun yi tafiya cikin tsaunukan Albaniya na arewacin kasar kuma sun rubuta kayan tarihi waɗanda aka buga a cikin fassarar Faransanci a cikin 1858 Hécquard's pioneering Histoire et description de la Haute Albanie ou Guégarie (Tarihi da Bayanin Babban Albaniya ko Gegaria). Tarin tarihin farko na Jubani—nassoshin Albaniya na asali na waƙoƙin jama'a wanda Hécquard ya buga—ya ɓace a ambaliyar ruwa da ta lalata birnin Shkodra a ranar 13 ga Janairun 1866. Jubani ya buga a cikin 1871 nasa Raccolta di canti popolari e rapsodie di poemi albanesi (Tarin Waƙoƙin Jama'ar Albaniya da Rhapsodies) — tarin waƙoƙin jama'a na farko na Gheg da kuma aikin almara na farko wanda ɗan Albaniya da ke zaune a Albaniya ya buga. [10]

Wani muhimmin mai tattara tarihin al'adun Albaniya shine Thimi Mitko, fitaccen wakilin al'ummar Albaniya a Masar . Ya fara sha'awar a cikin 1859 kuma ya fara rikodin abubuwan tarihin al'adun Albaniya tun daga shekara ta 1866, yana ba da waƙoƙin jama'a, kacici-kacici da tatsuniyoyi don tarin Demetrio Camarda . Tarin kansa na Mitko-ciki har da waƙoƙin jama'a 505, da tatsuniyoyi 39 da mashahuran zantuka, galibi daga kudancin Albaniya—an gama shi a cikin 1874 kuma an buga shi a cikin mujallar Greek-Albaniya ta 1878 Alvaniki melissa / Belietta Sskiypetare ( Kudan Albaniya ). Wannan tarin ya kasance wani ci gaba na wallafe-wallafen al'ummar Albaniya kasancewa farkon tarin kayan Albaniya na ingantaccen ilimi. Lalle ne, Mitko ya tattara kuma ya rarraba kayan bisa ga nau'o'i, ciki har da sassan tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi, labaran tarihi, waƙoƙin yara, waƙoƙin bukukuwan yanayi, waƙoƙin soyayya, waƙoƙin aure, waƙoƙin jana'izar, waƙoƙin almara da na tarihi. Ya tattara tarinsa tare da Spiro Risto Dine wanda ya yi hijira zuwa Masar a 1866. Dino da kansa ya buga Valët e Detit (The Waves of the Sea), wanda, a lokacin da aka buga shi a shekara ta 1908, shi ne littafi mafi dadewa a cikin harshen Albaniya. Kashi na biyu na tarin Dine an sadaukar da shi ne ga adabin jama'a, gami da waƙoƙin soyayya, waƙoƙin aure, waƙoƙin jana'iza, aya ta satirical, ayoyi na addini da na ɗabi'a, tatsuniyoyi na al'umma, waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi, sanannun imani da tatsuniyoyi. [10]

Masanin tarihin Albaniya na farko da ya tattara al'adar baka ta hanyar da ta dace don dalilai na ilimi shine limamin Franciscan kuma masani Shtjefën Gjeçovi . [10] Wasu firistoci biyu na Franciscan, Bernardin Palaj da Donat Kurti, tare da Gjeçovi, sun tattara waƙoƙin jama'a a kan tafiye-tafiyen da suke yi a cikin tsaunukan Albaniya na arewacin kuma sun rubuta labarai game da tarihin Gheg Albanian da al'adun kabilanci . Palaj da Kurti da aka buga a cikin 1937-a ranar tunawa da 25th na 'yancin kai na Albaniya - mafi mahimmancin tarin ayar almara na Albaniya, Kângë kreshnikësh dhe Legenda (Wakokin Warriors na Frontier da Legends), a cikin jerin da ake kira Visaret e Kombit (Taskokin Al'umma). [11] [12]

Tun daga rabin na biyu na karni na 20 an gudanar da bincike da yawa daga Cibiyar Nazarin Albanological na Tirana da Cibiyar Albanological ta Prishtina . Malaman Albaniya sun buga ɗimbin tarin al’adun baka na Albaniya, amma kaɗan ne kawai na wannan labarin aka fassara zuwa wasu harsuna. [9] Masanin ilimin Albanologist Robert Elsie ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci a wannan shugabanci.

Masu tarawa na waje

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Masanin ilimin ɗan adam ɗan Burtaniya kuma marubuci Edith Durham (1863-1944)

Masanan kasashen waje sun fara ba wa Turai tatsuniyoyi na Albaniya a rabin na biyu na karni na 19, don haka suka kafa mafarin nazari na ilimi na al'adar baka ta Albaniya. [10] Wakokin al'ummar Albaniya da tatsuniyoyi an rubuta ta ofishin jakadan Austria a Janina, Johann Georg von Hahn, wanda ya zagaya ko'ina cikin Albaniya da Balkans a tsakiyar karni na 19 kuma a cikin 1854 ya buga Albanesische Studien (Nazarin Albaniya). Likitan Jamus Karl H. Reinhold ya tattara kayan tarihin al'adun Albaniya daga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Albaniya yayin da yake aiki a matsayin likita a sojojin ruwa na Girka kuma a cikin 1855 ya buga Noctes Pelasgicae (Pelasgian Nights). Masanin tarihin Giuseppe Pitrè ya buga a cikin 1875 zaɓi na tatsuniyoyi na al'adun Albaniya daga Sicily a Fiabe, novelle e racconti popolari siciliani (Tatsuniyoyi na Sicilian, Gajerun Labarai da Tatsuniyoyi). [10] [9]

Na gaba na masana da suka zama masu sha'awar tattara kayan al'adun gargajiya na Albaniya sun kasance masana ilimin falsafa, daga cikinsu akwai masana harsunan Indo-Turai da suka damu da nazarin harshen Albaniya na lokacin. Jakadan Faransa a Janina da Tasalonika, Auguste Dozon, ya buga tatsuniyoyi da waƙoƙin al'adun Albaniya da farko a cikin 1879 Manuel de la langue chkipe ou albanaise (Manual na Shkip ko Harshen Albaniya) kuma a cikin 1881 Contes albanais, recueillis et traduits (Tatsuniyoyi na Albaniya, Tattara da Fassara). Masanin ilimin harshe na Czech kuma farfesa na harsunan Romance da wallafe-wallafe, Jan Urban Jarnik, wanda aka buga a cikin 1883 kayan tarihin Albanian daga yankin Shkodra a Zur albanischen Sprachenkunde (A Albanian Linguistics) da Příspěvky ku poznání nářřečí albánskýchýchčjk naříspěvky ku poznání nařřečí albánskýchýchýchjänsäjän. Yarukan Albaniya). Masanin harshen Jamus kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Graz, Gustav Meyer, wanda aka buga a cikin 1884 tatsuniyoyi goma sha huɗu na Albaniya a Albanische Märchen (Tatsuniyar Albaniya), da zaɓi na tatsuniyoyi na Tosk a cikin nahawu na 1888 Albanian (1888). An sake buga kayan tarihinsa a cikin Albanesische Studien (Nazarin Albaniya). Dan Indo-Turai ɗan Danish kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Copenhagen, Holger Pedersen, ya ziyarci Albaniya a cikin 1893 don koyon yaren da kuma tattara kayan yare. Ya rubuta tatsuniyoyi talatin da biyar na Albaniya da Corfu kuma ya buga su a cikin 1895 Albanesische Texte mit Glossar (Rubutun Albaniya tare da ƙamus). Sauran malaman Indo-Turai waɗanda suka tattara kayan tarihin al'adun Albaniya su ne masana harsunan Jamus Gustav Weigand da August Leskien . [10] [9]

A farkon rabin ƙarni na 20th, masanin ɗan adam ɗan Burtaniya Edith Durham ya ziyarci arewacin Albaniya kuma ya tattara abubuwan tarihin al'ummar Albaniya . Ta buga a cikin 1909 sanannen aikinta High Albania, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafan Turanci na Albaniya da aka taɓa rubutawa. Daga 1923 zuwa gaba, ƙwararriyar ’yar Scotland kuma ƙwararren ɗan adam Margaret Hasluck ta tattara abubuwan tarihin almara na Albaniya lokacin da ta zauna a Albaniya. Ta buga labarun almara goma sha shida na Albaniya da aka fassara cikin Ingilishi a cikin 1931 Këndime Englisht–Shqip ko Albanian–Inglish Reader .

Wasu al'adun mutanen Albaniya

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  • Dokokin al'adun Albaniya (Kanu)
  • Aikin Albaniya
    • Jafan gargajiya na Albaniya
  • Tufafin Albaniya
  • raye-rayen Albaniya
    • raye-rayen yakin Albaniya
  • Albaniyan almara
  • Albaniya bako
  • Albanian Iso-Polyphony
  • Makokin Albaniya na matattu
  • kiɗan Albaniya
  • Albanian alkawarin girmamawa (Besa)
  • Bikin aure na Albaniya

Zaɓaɓɓun tatsuniyoyi na al'ummar Albaniya, almara, waƙoƙi da ballads

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Tatsuniyoyi

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Tatsuniyoyi da Tatsuniyoyi

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Wakoki da Ballads

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Duba kuma

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  • Maguzanci na Albaniya
  • Al'adun Albaniya
  • Al'adun Albaniya
  • Oda (Albaniya)

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Elsie 1994; Elsie 2001b; Tarifa 2008; Stipčević 2009; Sokoli 2013; Galaty 2018.
  2. ↑ Novik 2020.
  3. ↑ Elsie 1994; Elsie 2001b; Tarifa 2008; Sokoli 2013.
  4. ↑ Galaty 2018.
  5. ↑ Malcolm 2020.
  6. ↑ Elsie, Robert (ed.). "1534. Sebastian Franck: Albania: A Mighty Province of Europe". Texts and Documents of Albanian History.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Skendi 1954.
  8. ↑ Skendi 1967.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Elsie 1994.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Elsie 2007.
  11. ↑ Elsie & Mathie-Heck 2004.
  12. ↑ Elsie 2010.
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