Al'adun muhalli
Al'adun halitta suna nufin jimlar abubuwa na bambancin halittu, sun haɗa da tsire-tsire da dabbobi, yanayin halittu da tsarin yanayin ƙasa. Yana daga cikin albarkatunmu na halitta.
Ma'anar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Al'adun halitta suna nufin siffofi na halitta, tsarin ilimin ƙasa da na jiki da wuraren da aka tsara waɗanda suka zama mazaunin nau'ikan dabbobi da tsire-tsire da ke fuskantar barazana da wuraren halitta masu daraja daga ra'ayi na kimiyya, kiyayewa ko kyawawan halitta.
- Tarihi shine abin da aka gado daga tsararraki da suka gabata, wanda aka kiyaye a yanzu, kuma aka ba wa tsararraki masu zuwa. Kalmar nan "al'adun halitta", wanda aka samo daga "al'adar halitta", ya riga ya fara kalmar nan "biodiversity". Kalmar kimiyya ce mara kyau kuma tana da sauƙin fahimta a wasu hanyoyi ta masu sauraro da ke sha'awar kiyayewa.
An yi amfani da kalmar a cikin wannan mahallin a Amurka lokacin da Jimmy Carter ya kafa Cibiyar Heritage Trust lokacin da yake gwamnan Jojiya; Amincewar Carter ta yi mu'amala da al'adun gargajiya da na al'adu. Zai bayyana cewa Carter ya karɓi kalmar daga Lyndon Johnson, wanda ya yi amfani da shi a cikin Saƙo na 1966 zuwa Majalisa. (Wataƙila ya sami kalmar daga matarsa Lady Bird Johnson wanda ke da sha'awar kiyayewa da kansa.) Shugaba Johnson ya sanya hannu kan Dokar daji ta 1964.
Sashen Kimiyya na The Nature Conservancy (TNC) ne ya ɗauki kalmar "Al'adun gargajiya" lokacin, a ƙarƙashin Robert E. Jenkins, Jr., an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1974 abin da ya zama cibiyar sadarwar shirye-shiryen al'adun gargajiya na jihohi - ɗaya a cikin kowace jiha, duk suna amfani da hanya iri ɗaya kuma duk suna goyan bayan dindindin ta gwamnatocin jihohi saboda suna yin bitar abubuwan da suka shafi kimiyya a kimiyyance. Lokacin da aka tsawaita wannan hanyar sadarwa a wajen Amurka, Guillermo Mann ya ba da shawarar kalmar "Cibiyar Bayanai (ko Cibiya)" kuma ta zama fifiko ga shirye-shirye a wajen Amurka . Duk da bambancin suna, waɗannan shirye-shiryen, suma, suna amfani da tsarin tushen asali iri ɗaya da shirye-shiryen gadon halitta na jihohi 50. A cikin 1994 Cibiyar sadarwa na shirye-shiryen al'adun gargajiya sun kafa ƙungiyar mambobi don yin aiki tare kan ayyukan da suka dace: Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Bayanan Halitta (ABI). A cikin 1999, Ta hanyar yarjejeniya tare da The Nature Conservancy, ABI ta faɗaɗa kuma ta ɗauki alhakin bayanan kimiyya, bayanai, da kayan aikin da TNC ta haɓaka don tallafawa hanyar sadarwar shirye-shiryen gadon halitta. A cikin 2001, ABI ta canza suna zuwa NatureServe. NatureServe ya ci gaba da zama cibiyar cibiyar sadarwa ta NatureServe, haɗin gwiwar shirye-shiryen gwamnati da masu zaman kansu na 86 ciki har da shirye-shiryen gadon dabi'a da cibiyoyin bayanan kiyayewa waɗanda ke cikin Amurka, Kanada, da Latin Amurka..[1]
Matsayi na Shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwamitin tarihi na UNESCO na iya sanya wani muhimmin wuri na kayan tarihi ko abubuwan al'adu a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya. Shirin UNESCO, kataloji, sunaye, da kuma adana wuraren fitattun al'adu ko na halitta ga al'adun jama'a. Tun daga watan Yulin 2023, akwai wuraren tarihi na duniya guda 257 (ciki har da wuraren gauraya 39) a cikin kasashe 111. Wannan yana wakiltar jimlar fiye da 3,500,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi) na wuraren da aka karewa, kashi 60% na ruwa ne..[2]
Yarjejeniyar Tarihin Duniya ta 1972 ta UNESCO ta tabbatar da cewa albarkatun halittu, kamar tsire-tsire, sune al'adun bil'adama na kowa ko kuma kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin gabatarwa: "yana buƙatar kiyayewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun duniya na bil'adame gaba ɗaya". Wadannan dokoki tabbas sun yi wahayi zuwa ga kirkirar manyan bankunan jama'a na albarkatun kwayar halitta, waɗanda ke waje da kasashe masu tushe.
Sabbin yarjejeniyoyin duniya (misali, Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity), haƙƙin ƙasa akan albarkatun halittu (ba dukiya ba). Tunanin kiyayewa na bambancin halittu yana ɓacewa kuma ana maye gurbinsa da ra'ayin kiyayewa mai ƙarfi, ta hanyar ra'ayin albarkatu da kirkire-kirkire.
Sabbin yarjejeniyoyin sun sanya kasashe su adana bambancin halittu, haɓaka albarkatu don dorewa da raba fa'idodin da suka haifar da amfani da su. A karkashin sabbin dokoki, ana sa ran cewa binciken halittu ko tattara kayayyakin halitta dole ne kasar da ke da wadataccen halittu ta ba da izini, don musayar rabon fa'idodi.
A shekara ta 2005, an kafa Shirin Ruwa na Tarihin Duniya don kare yankunan ruwa tare da Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar Kyakkyawa.
- ↑ "NatureServe Network". NatureServe. Archived from the original on Oct 22, 2023.
- ↑ "Natural World Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-06.