Al'amarin Morral
 | |
| Iri |
bomb attack (en)  assassination attempt (en) |
|---|---|
| Bangare na |
Wedding of Alfonso XII and Victoria Eugenie of Battenburg (en) |
| Kwanan watan | 31 Mayu 1906 |
| Wuri |
Calle Mayor (en) , Madrid |
| Ƙasa |
Spain under the Restoration (en) |
| Nufi |
Alfonso XIII (en) |
| Adadin waɗanda suka rasu | 24 |
| Perpetrator (en) |
Mateu Morral (mul) |
Al'amarin Morral shine yunkurin kisan sarki na Spain Alfonso XIII da amaryarsa, Sarauniya Victoria Eugenie, a ranar bikin aurensu, 31 ga Mayu 1906, da kuma sakamakonsa. Mai kai farmaki, Mateu Morral, yana aiki ne akan sha'awar haifar da juyin juya hali, ya jefa bam da aka ɓoye a cikin wani furanni daga taga na otal din Madrid yayin da jerin Sarki suka wuce, ya kashe masu kallo 24 da sojoji kuma ya ji wa wasu rauni sama da 100, yayin da ya bar sarakuna ba tare da wata matsala ba. Morral ya nemi mafaka daga ɗan jaridar jamhuriya José Nakens amma ya gudu da dare zuwa Torrejón na Ardoz, wanda mazaunan ƙauyen suka ba da rahoton mai shiga tsakani. Kwanaki biyu bayan harin, 'yan bindiga sun kai Morral, wanda ya kashe daya kafin ya kashe kansa. Morral mai yiwuwa ya shiga cikin irin wannan hari kan sarki shekara guda da ta gabata.
Wannan al'amari ya zama hujja don murkushe Francisco Ferrer, malamin anarchist wanda ke gudanar da Escuela Moderna, mai tasiri, mai hankali, mai adawa da gwamnati, mai adawar malamai, mai adawan soja, makarantar Barcelonean a cikin ɗakin karatu na Morral. Wani sha'awar soyayya da ba a biya ba daga makarantar na iya rinjayar Morral. An tuhumi Ferrer da shirya harin, kuma kodayake an wanke shi saboda rashin shaidar, ya kasance makasudin gwamnati da coci. Jaridar Nakens da abokai biyu, duk da haka, sun sami hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku, wanda aka ɗauke shi da wani ɓangare na kisan da Morral ya aikata bayan ya tsere daga birnin. Bayan wani shahararren kamfen don gafarar sarauta, an saki ukun a cikin shekara guda na yanke hukunci. Matsayin Nakens a cikin al'amarin ya nuna raguwa a cikin yunkurin jamhuriya na Spain tsakanin sannu a hankali da juyin juya halin kusa wanda daga baya zai zama rikicin ainihi.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan faduwa game da siyasa, mahaifin Mateo Morral ya ba ɗansa kyautar rabuwa ta kuɗi, wanda ya kai Barcelona a cikin 1905. Mahaifin Morral masanin masana'antu ne a garin Sabadell, kuma Morral ya yi tafiya sosai don kamfanin mahaifinsa, ban da karatunsa na baya a kasashen waje. Ya rabu da mahaifinsa game da goyon bayansa ga ƙungiyar masu tunani, 'yan Jamhuriyar Republican, da' yan Freemason - Librepensadores . A Barcelona, Morral ya girma kusa da malamin anarchist Francisco Ferrer, [1] wanda ya yi abota da shi shekaru biyu da suka gabata. [2] Morral ya shahara da Escuela Moderna na Ferrer, [1] makarantar ilimi na ma'aikata masu hankali, kuma ya ba da aikin 10,000 pesetas. Ferrer, a cikin labarinsa na labarin, ya ki kuma a maimakon haka ya ba Morral aiki a ɗakin karatu na makarantar.[1]
Sha'awar soyayya da ba a biya ba da kuma sha'awar cin mutunci ya haifar da yunkurin kisan kai. Yayinda take aiki a makarantar Ferrer, Morral ta yi sha'awar darektan karatun firamare, Soledad Villafranca, amma ba ta dawo da shigar da soyayya ba. Ba da daɗewa ba, a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1906, ya gaya wa Ferrer cewa zai yi tafiya don warkewa daga rashin lafiya. Ya tafi Madrid, inda ya yi tafiya a kan tituna, ya halarci taron taro, kuma ya aika da wasiku zuwa Villafranca yana nuna ƙaunarsa marar mutuwa da jin dadinsa. Villafranca ta zauna tare da Ferrer kuma suna iya zama masoya, kodayake yana yiwuwa cewa wannan rashin tabbas ya kasance daidai da Morral.[1]
Makon daya kafin yunkurin kisan sarki, wani mai tsaro a Parque del Buen Retiro ya sami barazanar da aka sassaƙa wa sarki a cikin kututturen itace, wanda daga baya ya danganta ga Morral.[1]
Morral ya yi amfani da sunansa na ainihi don shiga cikin fansho a Calle Mayor, 88. Ya biya a gaba kuma ya nemi ɗaki da ke fuskantar titi da kuma furanni na yau da kullun. A ranar yunkurin kisan kai, ya nemi sodium bicarbonate daga mai kula da fansho don magance matsalar ciki kuma ya nemi sirri.[1]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan da suka faru kamar al'amarin Morral sun nuna ikon jamhuriya ta Spain don karfafa goyon baya ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa a cikin zamanin rashin jin daɗi ga siyasa na yau da kullun.[1]
Har ila yau, ya nuna raguwar jamhuriya ta Spain wanda zai zama rikicin ainihi [1] yayin da Nakens ya rabu da falsafar mai ci gaba na tsohuwar tsara na 'yan Jamhuriyar Republican kuma bangarorin biyu na jamhuriyar sun nuna rashin amincewa da hadin kai. [1][1] Wannan al'amari ya bayyana har ma don ya goyi bayan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Jamhuriyar Republican (Azcárate, Nicolás Salmerón), waɗanda suka yi Allah wadai da masu tsattstsauran ra-tsattsauranuran ra'ayinsu (Lerroux, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez) [1] kuma suka sa Nakens ya bayyana, ta hanyar juxtaposition, ya zama mara daidaituwa.[1] Wannan rarrabuwar ta bayyana don hanzarta juyin juya halin da ke zuwa.[1]
A baya, masanin tarihi Enrique Sanabria ya ba da shawarar Nakens a matsayin misali mai ban tsoro a cikin cewa shawarar Nakens na ɓoye Morral ya nuna shirye-shiryen yin aiki tare da masu juyin juya hali, wanda ya ware shi daga abokan aikinsa na jamhuriya masu matsakaici.[1] Nakens bai san komai ba wajen gaskata cewa sakonninsa na daidaito, dimokuradiyya, da juyin juya halin al'adu ba za su yi kira ga masu hagu da ya nemi kaucewa ba, kuma shahararsa a cikin 'yan tawaye da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba za su nuna matsayin masu adawa da malamai a matsayin karfi a fadin hagu ba.[1] Koyaya, yayin da aka haɗa anticlericalism da kishin ƙasa ga 'yan Republican kamar Nakens, ba lallai ba ne a haɗa shi da' yan tawaye da masu gurguzu.[1] Nakens "ya zama kisan siyasa" bayan lamarin saboda rashin iya jawo hankalin masu sauraro yayin da yake jure siyasar juyin juya halin su.[1]