Jump to content

Al'umma Masu Wayewa

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Al'umma Masu Wayewa

Al'umma Masu Wayewa ko kuma Conscious Community, [13] kuma aka sani da Black Conscious Community [21] da kuma African Conscious Community, sako-sako ne na ƙungiyoyin ƙawance da suka ƙunshi daidaikun mutane daga ƙasashen waje na Afirka da kuma daga Afirka . [15] [10] Pan-Africanism, Afrocentrism, Afrofuturism, Black Nationalism, da Black Liberation Religion / Ruhaniya sune tushen tushe don akidun da aka samu tsakanin mutane a cikin Black Conscious Community. [15]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Bayan lokacin da minista Louis Farrakhan ya fara jagorantar al'ummar Islama a cikin 1981, a cikin barkewar annobar da ta shafi al'ummar Amurkawa baƙar fata da kuma ta'addancin 'yan sanda a kan Rodney King a 1991, koyarwar Afrocentricity da The Nation of Islam sun yi tasiri ga ci gaban Black Conscious / Siyasa Hip Hop (misali, KRS-Nubian, Queen, KRS-Nubian, Queens, Queens, KRS-Nubian, Queens, Queens, KRS-Nubian, Queens, Queen, KRS-Nubian, Queen, Lattine, Queen, Queen, Queen, KRS Nubiane, Queen Nubiane, Queen, Lattine, Queen, Queen, Queen, Queen, KRS-Branne, Queen, KRS Nubianne, King, King Rodney. Clan ) kuma ya haifar da sake farfadowa na Black radicalism da wayewar Afirka ta tsakiya. Ƙasar Mai Mulki, wadda Ƙungiyar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwararrun Duniya ta yi wa taken al'ummar Islama, ta samo asali ne sakamakon rinjayen ƙasashen baki na tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin shekarun 1990. [15] Al'umman Hankali mai kusantar da hankali shine gadon wannan farfadowar. [15]

A cikin 2018, Nike ta ƙirƙira RBG-launi, Baƙi Tarihin Watan Air Force One takalman motsa jiki, wanda wataƙila an yi wahayi zuwa ga shaharar launukan Pan-African (ja, baki, da kore) tsakanin kasuwanci da daidaikun mutane a cikin Black Conscious Community.

Falsafa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hankali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Don fahimtar fahimtar juna biyu, yadda Baƙar fata ke fahimta da sanin baƙar fata dole ne a fara fahimtar su. [2] A cikin The Souls of Black Folk, William Edward Burghardt Du Bois ya ba da haske game da ra'ayoyin sani ko farkawa dangane da ra'ayi na sani biyu ("biyu" na gasa tunani, akida, kokarin, da psyches - gasar tsakanin " Negro " -ness da daya's " Amurka " -ness) a Afirka Amirkawa . Gasar cikin gida na fahimtar juna biyu na Ba-Amurka ta nuna fa'idar gaskiyar ƙoƙarin cikin gida da Baƙin Amurkawa suka yi don kafa ƙaƙƙarfan fahimtar kai da mutunta kai a cikin yanayi na kyamar Ba-Amurkan Amurka wanda Bature Amurkawa suka ƙirƙira. [22] A cikin al'ummar Baƙar fata Amirkawa, kasancewa "sane" ko " take " shine sanin wayewar kai game da matsalolin jama'a a cikin al'umma da kuma fahimtar yadda bangarori daban-daban (misali, al'adu, ɗabi'a, tarihi, falsafa, zamantakewa) na waɗannan matsalolin jama'a ke haɗuwa; nazarin kai-da-kai, tare da raba ilimin da aka samu ta wannan binciken tare da wasu, ana kuma la'akari da al'amuran zama "sane" ko "farka."

Dabi'u da ra'ayoyi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Aikin da ke da hankali, wanda ya hada da masu tasiri kafofin watsa labarun Afirka da masu fafutukai, babban ci gaba ne a tarihin farawar baƙar fata, baƙar fata, da fasaha. A matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun Black radicalism, daidaikun mutane a cikin Black Conscious Community suna amfani da dandamali daban-daban na kafofin watsa labarun (misali, BlogTalkRadio, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, YouTube ) don manufar taimakon Baƙar fata da mutanen Afirka a cikin ƙoƙarinsu na gama kai don tsayayya da ƙarshe da cin nasara ga zalunci na wariyar launin fata da kuma fahimtar tsarin duniya na tsarin mulkin fararen fata, don cimma burin duniya baki ɗaya. yanayi da gaskiyar da al'ummar Baƙar fata da na Afirka ke rayuwa a ciki a halin yanzu, da kuma maye gurbin na yanzu, manyan akidu da ƙungiyoyi na Baƙar fata da akidun Afrocentric da Baƙar fata na kishin ƙasa da darussan ayyuka. [15]

Pan-Africanism, Afrocentrism, Afrofuturism, Black Nationalism, da Black Liberation Religion / Ruhaniya (misali, Afrikan Village, Black Hebrew Isra'ila, Candomblé, Ifá, Kemetic Science, Metaphysics, Mysticism, Moorish Science Temple of America, Occultism, Islam Nation of God , Nation Nation of God Palo, Rastafari, Haikali na Sabon Tunani na Afirka, Santería, Shrine na Black Madonna, Vodun, da kuma iyakacin iyaka, rashin yarda da Allah da agnosticism ), waɗanda sune abubuwa na farko a cikin al'adar tsattsauran ra'ayi na Black, su ne tushen tushen tushen akidun da aka samu tsakanin mutane a cikin Black Conscious Community. Masana ilimin Afirka da masu sukar kabilanci waɗanda suka kasance masu tasiri na hankali ga daidaikun mutane a cikin al'umma mai hankali sun haɗa da: [15] Amos Wilson, Chancellor Williams, Cheikh Anta Diop, Frances Cress Welsing, George GM James, Ivan Van Sertima, James Smalls, John Henrik Clarke, Joy Deon Maulardna Jeffren, M. Jhutyms, Yosef Ben-Jochannan, da Reggie Mabry da Dick Gregory, Neely Fuller Jr., da Steve Cokely . [15] Saboda ilimin Yammacin duniya da ake kallonsa a matsayin mai adawa da Baƙar fata, kuma waɗannan tushen tushe sun sanar da su, daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umma masu hankali sun nemi ƙirƙirar dandamali da ƙungiyoyi na ilimi. [15] Kwanzaa kuma sanannen biki ne mai tsakiyar Afirka mai ka'idoji guda bakwai da ake yin bikin kuma ana aiwatar da su a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun na daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umma masu hankali. [15]

Kamar yadda baƙar fata ta kafu a cikin ra'ayin baƙar fata suna tsayayya (misali, rashin daidaituwa, rashin daidaituwa, rashin haɗin kai) tsarin da aka sani na duniya da al'adun mulkin farar fata da haɓaka cibiyoyi na kansu (misali, al'adu, tsaro, ilimi, tattalin arziki, siyasa, addini, zamantakewa), daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umman Conscious suna ƙarfafa ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan cibiyoyi (misali, kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu na Afirka, masu zaman kansu na baƙar fata, makarantu masu zaman kansu na Afirka, makarantun baƙar fata masu son kai, masu zaman kansu na Afirka. al'umma. Kamar yadda Pan-Africanism ya dogara ne akan ra'ayi na girman kai da haɗin kai na Afirka don manufar inganta yanayin rayuwa na dukan Baƙar fata da na Afirka, daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umma masu hankali suna ƙarfafawa da goyon bayan Pan-Africanism. 'Yan Afirka na Nahiyar da ke da karfi masu goyon bayan Afrocentrism da Black Nationalism, irin su Julius Malema, ana kallon su da kyau, yayin da wadanda ba a kallon su da kyau daga daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umma mai hankali. Kamar yadda yake tare da manufofin Pan-African na Marcus Garvey, manufar ita ce 'yan Afirka na nahiyar Afirka da mazaunan Afirka su mallaki da sarrafa albarkatun kasa na nahiyar Afirka da harkokin duniya na jama'ar Afirka tare da hada kai (misali, ta fuskar tattalin arziki, siyasa, zamantakewa) ta yadda za a iya magance cin zalin da ake yi wa bakar fata a duk fadin duniya. [15] A cikin wasu mutane a cikin Al'umma mai hankali, akwai imani gama gari cewa al'amuran duniya ba sa aiki kamar yadda mutane suka yarda da su; saboda haka, ana amfani da Afrofuturism don falsafa game da zurfin ma'anar gaskiya da rayuwa, don lalata abubuwan da suka faru na zahiri da metaphysical, kuma, tare da ra'ayoyi daga kimiyyar lissafi (misali, adadi, ka'idar ), ana amfani da su don yankewa da tsinkaya abubuwan da suka faru da sabon abu (misali, astrology, mafarki, melanin, bala'o'i, lips solar ecology, Super ecology Winner, Super ecology Winner, Super ecology Winners, Super ecology Winners, Super ecology . [15]

Ra'ayin gama gari tsakanin daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umma mai hankali shine cewa 'yan Afirka na nahiyar Afirka da mazaunan Afirka, da kuma sauran mutane, suna cikin yanayin zamantakewa ko kuma tilasta su ta hanyar fahimtar tsarin duniya na fararen fata don kiyaye yanayin rudani maimakon 'yantar da tunaninsu da kansu daga hakikanin zalunci. Wani ra'ayi na kowa da aka gudanar a tsakanin mutane a cikin Conscious Community shine cewa sakamakon zalunci na dogon lokaci (misali, bautar, Jim Crow, mulkin mallaka, yin kiristanci, kasancewa majiɓincin kasuwancin da ba a mallaka ba a cikin mutane baƙar fata masu hankali, yin aiki a cikin soja, ana ilmantarwa a makarantun Yammacin Turai / jami'o'i, ana bi da su a asibitoci na yammacin Turai da kuma ta hanyar likitoci na Yammacin Turai, a karkashin tsarin zaɓen farin ciki na duniya). da nufin yin hidima da ci gaba da muradun jama'ar Turawa kuma ana kallonsu a matsayin sanya Baƙar fata cikin yanayin rashin sani, barci mai zurfi, da / ko tsoro ; [15] saboda haka, daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umma masu hankali sun nemi ƙirƙira, mallaka, da gudanar da al'ummarsu tare da sake karɓo addinan gargajiya na Afirka . [15] daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umma masu hankali suna nema, da ƙarfafa 'yan Afirka na Nahiyar da ƴan ƙasashen Afirka, su sake ƙirƙirar wani nau'i na wayewar Afirka a wannan zamani, wanda ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa daga wayewar Yammacin Turai da kuma tushen Afrocentrism da Baƙar fata kishin ƙasa. [15] Gabaɗaya, daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umma masu hankali ba sa bayar da shawarar zaluntar fararen fata, kuma burinsu na ƙarshe ba shine Baƙar fata ba . [15]

Mutanen da ke cikin Al'umma masu hankali sun kasance masu ra'ayin mazan jiya (na al'umma, siyasa, tattalin arziki) - nau'in ra'ayin mazan jiya da aka kafa a cikin baƙar fata da kuma al'adun gargajiya na Afirka, masu sassaucin ra'ayi idan ya zo ga 'yancin tunani, gabaɗaya rashin sha'awar siyasa da rashin amincewa da manyan siyasa (misali, Jam'iyyar Democrat, Jam'iyyar Republican ) da kuma tushen tsarin siyasa na gaba ɗaya. al'adar tsattsauran ra'ayi (misali, Iliya Muhammad, Marcus Garvey, Noble Drew Ali ). Duk da rashin yarda da manyan siyasa, ramawa ga Baƙar fata wahala (misali, bautar, Jim Crow) ya kasance manufa gama gari. [15] Mutane a cikin al'umma masu hankali sun kasance masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da al'amuran da suka shafi mata da luwadi ; Babban ra'ayi game da matsayin jinsi shine cewa maza baƙar fata su kare mata da yara baƙar fata ; ra'ayi na gaba daya game da liwadi [15] shine cewa ba dabi'a ba ne, [15] [16] ba halin kirki ba ne, ba mai amfani ba, anti-African, [16] kuma ya saba wa ra'ayi mai mahimmanci na rukunin dangin Black (Baƙar fata, mace baƙar fata, da Baƙar fata). [15] Akwai ra'ayi tsakanin wasu mutane a cikin Conscious Community cewa akwai hadin gwiwa kokarin gwamnatin Amurka da kafofin watsa labarai don inganta luwadi, musamman hyper-mata luwadi, a cikin Black American al'umma da kuma a cikin kasashen da mafi yawan Black yawan jama'a; Wannan yunƙurin da gwamnatin Amurka da kafofin watsa labaru suka yi na yin lalata da maza baƙar fata, tare da ra'ayin cewa dangantakar jima'i na taimakawa ga raguwar yawan jama'a, ya haifar da halin da ake ciki da kuma daidaita shi da "buck-breaking." [6] Musamman ma, Mwalimu Baruti yana da ra'ayin cewa lokacin da wasu 'yan asalin Afirka, waɗanda al'ummar Turai suka zalunta da mulkin mallaka na al'adu kamar sauran mutanen Afirka, suna neman komawa zuwa yanayin al'adun Afirka yayin da suke shiga cikin Al'ummar Conscious, da gangan ko ba da gangan ba, suna kawo tare da su falsafar falsafar da ba ta dace ba, ciki har da al'adu da al'adun Turai. [7] Bugu da ƙari, Baruti yana da ra'ayin cewa, a matsayin hidima ga muradun Turai, wasu mutanen Afirka sun shiga cikin Ƙungiyar Conscious Community don haɓaka "rashin jima'i" a cikinta da gangan. [7]

Daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umma Mai Hankali suna adawa da tsarin da ake gani na duniya na mulkin farar fata da kuma manyan ka'idoji (misali, siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu) wanda ya haifar a tsakanin 'yan Afirka na Afirka da Amurkawa na Afirka. Baya ga kallon tsarin da ake dauka a duniya na mulkin farar fata a matsayin babban nau'in adawa na farko, daidaikun jama'a a cikin Conscious Community suna kallon " Black bourgeoisie " a matsayin wani nau'i na adawa, bisa la'akari da cewa sun ci amanata dalilin cin gashin kai ga al'ummomin Baƙar fata da Afirka. Domin samun damar yin tsayin daka wajen yakar cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati, daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umman Conscious suna ƙarfafa baƙar fata da al'ummomin Afirka su sami zurfin yabo da fahimtar tunani mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da al'adun Afrocentric. [3] Mutanen da ke cikin al'umma masu hankali suna amfani da yakin ba da labari, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suka ƙunshi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da juyin juya hali (misali, masu goyon bayan Baƙar fata, masu mulkin mallaka, masu adawa da haɗin kai, da marasa daidaituwa ), tare da niyyar yaƙar tsarin da aka sani da tsarin da al'adun fararen fata don cimma burinsu na kai tsaye, wanda ya zama dole don samar da al'ummarsu na 'yancin kai. rayuwar ’yan Afirka na Nahiyar biyu da na ’yan Afirka mazauna waje. [15] "Web-Oblutionary" ko "Youtube Revolutionary" ana kuma la'akari da su a matsayin sharuɗɗa masu banƙyama don amfani ga daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umma Mai Mahimmanci, kamar yadda ake gani a matsayin tauye kimar aikin (misali, kama-da-wane, cikin mutum) wanda daidaikun jama'a a cikin Al'umman Conscious suka kasance kuma suke aiwatarwa. [15]

Kowane mutum a cikin Black Conscious Community yana da masaniya game da ƙarfin iko yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar yanayin tseren da kuma gudummawar Afirka da asalin wayewa.[17] Kowane mutum a cikin Black Conscious Community kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙaddamarwa ga rushewar [2] da juriya ga zalunci na wariyar launin fata da kuma tsarin duniya na farar fata. Duk da yake Black Lives Matter na iya ɗaukar wasu kamanceceniya da Black Conscious Community, biyun sun bambanta da juna a cikin hanyoyin 'yanci, falsafanci, siyasa, da ƙungiyoyi.[15] Bambance-bambance na siyasa, addini, al'adu, da akida tsakanin mutane a cikin al'umma mai hankali na iya haifar da rikice-rikice na ciki da muhawara ta intanet, amma duk da gwagwarmayar ciki mutane a cikin'umma mai sani suna rabawa da haɗin gwiwa don cimma burin da aka saba da shi na 'yancin Afirka da Afirka.[15]

New York sanannen wuri ne (misali, Titin 125th a Harlem ) ga daidaikun mutane a cikin Black Conscious Community. Al'adar Hip Hop, a matsayin al'adar da aka samu daga gwagwarmayar rayuwa a karkashin yanayi na zalunci, ya zama babban tushen tasiri (misali, saƙon da ba a sani ba) ga mutane a cikin Black Conscious Community. [15] Ga masu sauraron kiɗan rap na sane, wanda wani nau'in al'adu ne wanda aka saita sabanin al'adun gargajiyar rap na yau da kullun, yana iya haifar da wani nau'i na fahimtar siyasar Afirka . [1] Saboda haka, tunanin " Sabon Afrikan " yana haɓaka cikin masu sauraronsa. [1] Ga waɗanda suka yarda da saƙon rap na hankali, za su iya fara rungumar al'adun gargajiya (misali, sa ja, baƙar fata, da kore ; raba cikin manufofin cin gashin kai da 'yancin kai na Amirkawa ) na New Afrikan. [1] Sabuwar al'adar Afirka ta yi tasiri ga manyan biranen (misali, Atlanta, Jojiya ) waɗanda ke karbar bakuncin Al'ummar Conscious. [1] Yawancin mutanen da ke cikin "Makarantar Gaskiya", ko kuma Al'umma mai hankali a cikin al'adun Hip Hop na Atlanta, Jojiya, sun samo asali ne daga arewa maso gabashin Amurka, musamman Long Island, New York, wanda yawancin masu fasaha na zamanin Golden Age Hip Hop suka samo. [5] Sauran wurare tare da kasancewar Black Conscious Community sun hada da Arewacin Omaha, Nebraska, [8] Biritaniya, da Afirka ta Kudu . [10]

Daga cikin sauran al'amuran Afirka na Amurka, akwai ainihin " mai tayar da hankali " (misali, Minista Louis Farrakhan ), wanda aka fi sani da shi daga Amurka, ko da yake an ɗaure shi ta hanyar rashin adalci da rashin adalci da aka gani da kuma dandana a cikin al'ummar Baƙar fata, kuma an haɗa shi da wani gida mai hangen nesa (misali, mahaifar gida, Caribbean, Afirka). Manufar “Al’ummar Baƙar fata” ko “Ƙasar Baƙar fata” ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na asalin Baƙar fata da zuriyar Afirka (misali, Al'ummar Baƙar fata, Baƙar fata 'yan ƙasa, 'yan Afrocentrists, Black Religionists). The "subverter" Black ainihi ya ƙunshi daban-daban Baƙar fata falsafa, al'ummomi, da kuma ainihi (misali, Black Liberation Theology, Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Lives Matter, the Nation of Islam, the Conscious Community), kuma, maimakon bayyana kishin kasa amincewa ga United States of America, kishin kasa amincewa da aka bayyana ga "Black al'ummai" a matsayin "Black al'ummai al'umma" mubaya'ar da aka bayyana ga "Black al'umma" ta daidaikun mutane a cikin Al'umma masu hankali ko kuma al'ummar Musulunci).

Daga cikin daidaikun mutane a cikin al'ummar Afirka masu hankali, lafiyar halitta (misali, imani, ayyuka, canjin abinci) ana ɗaukar su azaman mahimmin ƙima kuma ana kallon su azaman mahimmanci don sake haɓaka haɓakar ruhaniya a cikin al'ummar Amurkawa na Afirka da dawo da tsohuwar al'adun Afirka (misali, al'adun Kemet ). Har ila yau ana ɗaukar cin ganyayyaki da kuma baƙar fata a matsayin mahimman dabi'u da ake gudanarwa a tsakanin daidaikun jama'a a cikin al'ummar Afirka masu hankali, waɗanda suka haɓaka dangane da yadda aka bi da Ba-Amurke. [22] Tare da bayyanar ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa (misali, Ƙasar Islama, Isra'ilawa Ibraniyawa / Yahudawan Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, ƙungiyoyin fasaha / ƙungiyoyin ruhaniya) don mayar da martani ga mummunan ra'ayi na al'adun Amurkawa na Afirka a cikin al'adun Amurkawa na Turai, a cikin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Afirka da Ƙarfin Baƙar fata na 1960s da 1970s, kiwon lafiya na halitta a matsayin babban mahimmancin canji na gaba ɗaya (misali yunƙurin sake ginawa da sake fasalin kai tsaye). kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da tarihin Afirka don manufar wuce tarihin gama gari na cin zarafi da zalunci da kuma kyakkyawar makoma ta gama gari) da kuma sake farfado da al'ummar Afirka ta Amurka. [22]

Kunshe a cikin tsohuwar karin magana ta Masar, "Mutum, San Kanka", manufar mafita da daidaikun mutane a cikin al'umma mai hankali suka gabatar shine don maido da al'ummomin Baƙar fata da Afirka zuwa yanayin mulkinsu na manyan al'adu da wayewa .

Karɓuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Brown (2013) ya bayyana cewa al’ummar masu wayar da kai ta baki da kuma masu ra’ayin kishin baki na daga cikin tushen ƙiyayya da ’yan luwadi da madigo a cikin al’ummar bakaken fata na Amurka.[16]

Redding (2017) ya nuna cewa, ta hanyar kafafen yaɗa labarai da ke hannun fararen fata da kuma watsa waƙoƙin Gangsta rap, an yada halayen rashin kyau na gangsta ga bakaken fata, wanda hakan ya ƙarfafa tunanin wariyar launin fata a tsakanin fararen fata da ke rage kimar bakaken fata. Wannan ya kara tabbatar da fahimtar fararen fata da al’adar fifita fari.[11] Redding (2015) ya kuma bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin masu aikin jarida a wannan al’umma na wayar da kai ta baki, na taka rawar gani wajen yakar mummunan tasirin Gangsta rap da halayen gangsta a cikin al’ummar bakaken fata.[11]

Saboda yawan amfani da ilimin gargajiya daga Gabashin Afirka da kuma Masaranci da ke tsakanin mambobin al’ummar masu wayar da kai, wasu masu sukar ra’ayi suna kallon waɗannan mutane a matsayin “Hoteps.”[17]

Wasu daga cikin wannan al’umma na wayar da kai sukan sauya sunayensu zuwa sunayen Afirka, wanda wasu daga cikin al’ummar bakaken fata ke kallon hakan a matsayin abu mai ban mamaki, da wuya a furta, ko ma suna kallon hakan a matsayin komawa wani addini kamar yadda ake gani a kungiyar Nation of Islam.[3]

Wasu daga cikin wannan al’umma a Afirka ta Kudu na kallon su a matsayin masana falsafa da suka ƙware wajen fahimtar halin da bakaken fata ke ciki, amma suna fi mayar da hankali wajen nuna ƙwarewa da amfani da kalmomi masu wahala a Turance, maimakon yin magana kai tsaye da bayar da mafita mai amfani ga ci gaban karfin bakaken fata.[10]

Jordan (2018) ya soki yadda al’ummar masu wayar da kai da kuma al’ummar Hip Hop ke kallon cewa Afrocentrism da feminism ba sa jituwa. Haka kuma ya soki yadda suke kallon cewa rawar da mace baƙa ke takawa a al’ada wajibi ne don dawo da hadin kan iyali da gina al’umma. Jordan ya kara da cewa, waɗannan al’ummomi biyu suna takaita mace baƙa cikin sunaye biyu ne kawai (misali: Afrocentric ko feminist, sarauniya ko karuwa), wanda hakan ke ɗora wasu halaye ga zaluncin tsarin Eurocentrism.[4]

A yayin da aka tattauna hanyoyin magance bambancin launin fata da kuma shawarwarin samun ƙarfafawa ta hanyar rungumar melanin da launin fata da asalin Afirka, Ali ya bayyana cewa al’ummar masu wayar da kai na taka rawar gani wajen ɗaga wayar kai game da asalin Afirka a cikin mutane ’yan asalin Afirka. Ali ya ƙara da cewa, saboda bambancin launin fata daga cikin diaspora na bakaken fata da kuma wariyar launin fata daga Turawa, akwai buƙatar cibiyoyin kamar al’ummar masu wayar da kai tun kusan shekaru 400 da suka wuce.[12]

Robinson (2020) ya bayar da shawarar cewa, saboda neman gano ainihin asalin Afirka cikin addinin Kiristanci daga ɓangaren masu kishin baki, ya kamata wa’azin Kirista a tsakanin bakaken fata na Amurka ya kasance cikin tsari na Afrocentrism (misali, haskaka tarihin al’adun Afirka dangane da kwarewa cikin Kiristanci).[14] Wannan salo na wa’azi na iya taimaka wa bakaken fata wajen fahimta da godewa zuriyar Afirka da kuma tarihin Kiristanci a nahiyar Afirka, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da kyakkyawan hangen nesa ga kansu.[14]

Lyons (2021) ya bayyana abubuwan da ke ja hankalin mata bakake zuwa ga al’ummar masu wayar da kai, kamar yadda ake kiran su cikin girmamawa (misali: sarauniya, sistah) maimakon cin zarafi (misali: karuwa), ba su damar zaɓar hanyar ruhaniya ta kansu, da damar shiga jagoranci na ruhaniya. Hakanan yana nuna karɓuwa da shahara na sihiri, da kuma daraja da godiya ga kyawun dabi’ar mata bakake.[19] Duk da haka, Lyons (2021) ya soki al’ummar masu wayar da kai da kuma feminism, yana kiran su “jiragen ruwa marasa rai” ga mata bakake da kuma “shaidanu,” tare da bayar da shawara ga masu wa’azin Kirista na birane su yada bishara ta yadda za ta karɓu kuma ta amsa tambayoyin mata bakake.[19]

Mason (2021) ya soki ra’ayin da ya yadu cikin al’ummar masu wayar da kai cewa Kiristanci yana cutar da bakaken fata da kuma yadda ake kallon Kiristanci a matsayin addinin Turawa.[20] Ko da yake ya amince da yadda Turawa da Kiristocin Turai suka danne bakaken fata a tarihi, Mason ya ce bai dace a karyata Kiristanci gaba ɗaya ba, kuma ra’ayoyin da ke yawo cikin wannan al’umma ba daidai ba ne. Ya kuma yi kira ga masu wa’azin Kirista a cikin birane su gyara kuskuren da ke yaduwa game da Kiristanci daga ɓangaren wannan al’umma.[20]

Salima, wadda ta kasance cikin Gwagwarmayar Makarantun ’Yanci a Detroit (DIFS), ta bayyana cewa, duk da cewa al’ummar masu wayar da kai sun kasance wata hanya ta ilimi da ’yanci ga bakaken fata na Amurka, akwai nauyi a kan kowane mutum na inganta ilimin da suka samu daga wannan hanya.[9]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mohammed-Akinyela, Ife J. (May 6, 2012). "Conscious Rap Music: Movement Music Revisited A Qualitative Study of Conscious Rappers and Activism". Georgia State University. p. 62.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Johnson, Micah E. (2018). "The paradox of black patriotism: double consciousness". Ethn Racial Stud. 41 (11): 1971–1989. doi:10.1080/01419870.2017.1332378. PMC 8681865 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34924643 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 148635980.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sana
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Jordan, Jacquelyn (May 1, 2018). "From Queen Latifah to Lil' Kim: The Evolution of the Feminist MC". Maneto Undergraduate Research Journal. 1 (1): 56, 58. doi:10.15367/M:TURJ.V1I1.77. S2CID 192286888.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kumar, Andrew Anil (2010). "Hip Hop family in the underground: The words and actions of the True School community in Atlanta, Georgia". Colorado State University. pp. 50–51.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tani, Novell E.; Grier, Simone A. (12 November 2018). "Afrocentric Worldview, Hetero-Normative Ethos and Black LGBTQ Intellectuals Matriculating through Afrocentric Psychology Programs at Historically Black Colleges/Universities (HBCUs)". Underserved Populations at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: The Pathway to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. Diversity in Higher Education. 21: 165. doi:10.1108/S1479-364420180000021011. ISBN 978-1-78754-841-1. ISSN 1479-3644. S2CID 149688394.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ajani ya Azibo, Daudi (November 2014). "Azibo Interview of Dr. Mwalimu Baruti on Sexual Misorientation" (PDF). Journal of Pan African Studies. 7 (5): 180. S2CID 142807542.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Poole, Emily; DeVigal, Andrew (2018). "Community Engagement & Engaged Journalism" (PDF). University of Oregon. p. 54.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Evans, Micala Darcel (2021). "Resistance, education, and rites: An ethnographic study on Afrocentric community education". Eastern Michigan University. p. 69.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Stuurman, Sonwabo (November 2018). "Student activism in a time of crisis in South Africa: The quest for 'black power'". South African Journal of Education. 38 (4): 5. doi:10.15700/saje.v38n4a1704. S2CID 150450159.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Redding Jr., Robert (2017). "Black Voices, White Power: Members of the Black Press Make Meaning of Media Hegemony". Journal of Black Studies. 48 (2): 159–161. doi:10.1177/0021934716681152. S2CID 148449940.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Keyes, Latocia (August 2019). "Understanding The Psychosocial And Physical Health Impacts Of Colorism: Discrimination Of African Americans Based On Skin Color" (PDF). University Of Texas, Arlington. p. 103. S2CID 203052760.
  13. ↑ [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Robinson, Michael C. (February 7, 2020). "An Impact Study On Afrocentric Christianity". Ashland Theological Seminary. pp. 97–98.[permanent dead link]
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mango
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Brown, Michael A. (August 2013). "Can You See Me? Defining My Own Black Masculinity: An Autoethnography" (PDF). Texas Tech University. pp. 25–26.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 McNair, Kimberly LaVerne (2017). "Cotton Framed Revolutionaries: T-shirt Culture and the Black Protest Tradition" (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. pp. ii–iii.
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Campbell-Stephens
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Lyons, Sarita T. (Apr 6, 2021). "Black Women and the Appeal of the Black Conscious Community and Feminism". Urban Apologetics: Restoring Black Dignity with the Gospel. Zondervan. pp. Unnumbered. ISBN 978-0-310-10095-9.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Mason, Eric (Apr 6, 2021). "What is Urban Apologetics?". Urban Apologetics: Restoring Black Dignity with the Gospel. Zondervan. pp. Unnumbered. ISBN 978-0-310-10095-9.
  21. ↑ [2][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Semmes
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al%27umma_Masu_Wayewa&oldid=640331"