Al'umma da al'adu a Saint Petersburg

Al'umma da al'adu a Saint Petersburg
aspect in a geographic region (en)

Gidan kayan gargajiya na Hermitage. Daga hagu zuwa dama: gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Hermitage, Tsohon Hermitage), Ƙananan Hermitage (Sabon Hermitage yana bayan Tsohon Herbitage)

Saint Petersburg koyaushe an san shi da rayuwar al'adu mai inganci, kuma sanannen gidan kayan gargajiya shine Hermitage.

Kiɗa a cikin Saint Petersburg

Daga cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo sama da hamsin na birnin shine shahararren Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky (wanda aka fi sani da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Kirov a cikin USSR), gidan kamfanin Mariinsky Ballet da opera. Manyan masu rawa, kamar su Vaslav Nijinsky, Anna Pavlova, Rudolph Nureyev, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Galina Ulanova da Natalia Makarova, sune manyan taurari na Mariinsky ballet.

Cibiyar Conservatory ta Saint Petersburg

An haifi Dmitri Shostakovich kuma ya girma a St. Petersburg, kuma ya keɓe Symphony na bakwai ga birnin, yana kiransa "Leningrad Symphony. " Ya rubuta symphony yayin da yake Leningrad a lokacin da Nazi kewaye. An fara wasan kwaikwayo na 7 a shekarar 1942; an fara wasan kwaikwayon a cikin Leningrad da aka kewaye shi a Bolshoy Philharmonic Hall a karkashin jagorancin mai gudanarwa Karl Eliasberg a rediyo kuma ya ɗaga ruhohin waɗanda suka tsira; kowane mawaƙi ya sami gram 125 na burodi bayan gabatarwa. A shekara ta 1992 an sake yin wasan kwaikwayo na Symphony na 7 ta (sa'an nan) 14 da suka tsira a cikin wannan zauren kamar yadda suka yi rabin karni da suka gabata. Kungiyar Philharmonic Orchestra ta Saint Petersburg ta kasance daya daga cikin sanannun ƙungiyar mawaƙa a duniya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masu gudanarwa Yevgeny Mravinsky da Yuri Temirkanov . 

Waƙoƙin mawaƙa suna da babban al'ada a nan. An kafa Imperial Choral Capella kuma an tsara shi bayan kotunan sarauta na wasu manyan biranen Turai. Kungiyar Maza ta St Petersburg ta koma Birnin St Petersburg a karni na 18 daga Moscow. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ƙidaya 90. Manya 40 da yara maza 50 (ba a yarda da mata ba). Daga cikin 22 bass, 7 sun kasance masu zurfi waɗanda zasu iya kaiwa kasa G cikin sauƙi. Wadannan muryoyi na musamman ana samar da su a ƙasar Rasha har zuwa yau.

St. Petersburg ta kasance gida ga sababbin ƙungiyoyi a cikin shahararrun kiɗa. Leonid Utyosov ne ya kafa ƙungiyar jazz ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet a nan a cikin shekarun 1920, a ƙarƙashin goyon bayan Isaak Dunayevsky . An kafa kulob din jazz na farko a Tarayyar Soviet a nan a cikin shekarun 1950, kuma daga baya aka kira shi kulob din Jazz Kvadrat . A shekara ta 1956 Aleksandr Bronevitsky da Edita Piekha ne suka kafa sanannen ƙungiyar Druzhba, ta zama sanannen ƙungiyar farko a cikin 1950s USSR. A cikin shekarun 1960s ɗaliban rukuni na rukuni na Argonavty, Kochevniki da sauransu sun fara jerin shirye-shiryen kide-kide da kide-kife na karkashin kasa. A shekara ta 1972 dalibi na Jami'ar Leningrad Boris Grebenshchikov ya kafa ƙungiyar Aquarium, wanda daga baya ya girma zuwa babbar shahara. Tun daga wannan lokacin an kafa salon kiɗa na "Piter's rock".

A cikin shekarun 1970s, ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun fito ne daga "ƙasa" kuma daga ƙarshe sun kafa kulob din Leningrad wanda ke ba da mataki ga ƙungiyoyi kamar Piknik, DDT, Kino, wanda sanannun Viktor Tsoi, Igry, Mify, Zemlyane, Alisa da sauran shahararrun ƙungiyoyi suka jagoranta. Shirin farko na Rasha da ya faru ya nuna Pop mekhanika, wanda ya haɗu da mutane da dabbobi sama da 300 a kan mataki, Sergey Kuryokhin mai basira da yawa ne ya ba da umarni a cikin shekarun 1980.

A yau, St. Petersburg tana alfahari da sanannun mawaƙa da yawa na nau'o'i daban-daban, daga sanannun Sergei Shnurov da Tequilajazzz na Leningrad, zuwa tsoffin tsoffin sojoji Yuri Shevchuk, Vyacheslav Butusov da Mikhail Boyarsky. Gidan sarauta ya kasance mataki ga Paul McCartney, Rolling Stones, Scorpions da sauran taurari.

Bikin White Nights a St. Petersburg sananne ne ga wasan wuta mai ban sha'awa da kuma babban wasan kwaikwayon da ke murna da ƙarshen shekara ta makaranta: bikin "Scarlet Sails" a St. PetersburgoBikin "Scarlet Sails" a St. Petersburg

Gidajen tarihi da wuraren zane-zane a Saint Petersburg

 

• Gidan Tarihi na Hermitage
• Cibiyar Kuryokhin

Saint Petersburg a cikin fina-finai

Fiye da fina-finai 250 na kasa da kasa da Rasha an yi fim a St. Peterburg . Fiye da fina-finai dubu game da tsars, juyin juya hali, mutane da labarun da aka kafa a St. Petersburg an samar da su a duk duniya, amma ba a yi fim a cikin birni ba. An kafa ɗakunan fina-finai na farko a St. Petersburg a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 20, kuma tun daga shekarun 1920 Lenfilm ya kasance mafi girman ɗakunan fina'a da ke St. Petersburg. Fim din farko da aka sani a duniya galibi sun dogara ne akan shahararrun ayyukan wallafe-wallafen da aka kafa a St. Petersburg, kamar su Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Idiot da wasu nau'ikan Anna Karenina (fim na Rasha da Faransanci, kowannensu na 1911).

Fim din farko na kasashen waje da aka yi fim din gaba ɗaya a St. Petersburg shine samar da Anna Karenina na Tolstoy na 1997, tare da Sophie Marceau da Sean Bean, kuma ƙungiyar fina-finai ta Burtaniya, Amurka, Faransa da Rasha ce ta yi. An yi fim din ne a wurare kamar Palace Embankment, The Winter Palace, Yusupov Palace, Catherine Palace, Petergof, Pavlovsk Palace, Mariinsky Theatre da sauran sanannun wuraren tarihi da tituna na St. Petersburg.

Fim din da aka yi da Soviet, kamar su "Maksim" na darektan Grigori Kozintsev na iya nuna tarihin rikitarwa na St. Petersburg tare da wasu sautin farfaganda. Yawancin fina-finai na kasashen waje, kamar Nicholas da Alexandra, Rasputin, da Anastasia, suna mai da hankali kan labarin Tsars. Fim din Noi vivi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin We the Living na Ayn Rand, yayi sharhi game da siyasar Italiya ta hanyar nuna Juyin Juya Halin Oktoba. Labarin Anastasia an fi saninsa da sigar 1956 tare da Ingrid Bergman da zane-zane na 1997. Jirgin Rasha, wanda aka yi fim gaba ɗaya a cikin Hermitage, yana nuna rayuwar Tsars da kewaye da su a cikin ainihin ciki na Fadar Winter. An kuma yi fim din Der Untergang a Petersburg saboda gine-gine da yawa a kan titin Shkapina sun yi kama da tsakiyar Berlin na 1945. An saki Leningrad game da Siege na Leningrad a cikin 2007, kuma an shirya fim din Giuseppe Tornatore a kan wannan taken don saki a cikin 2008.

Petersburg saitin Interdevochka (kuma Интердевочка ko Intergirl), yana nuna hotuna masu ban sha'awa na birnin. The cult comedy Irony of Fate (kuma Ирония судьбы, или С лёгким паром!) An saita shi a St. Sauran fina-finan sun hada da GoldenEye (1995), Tsakar dare a St. Petersburg (Birtaniya, 1996). Onegin (1999 mai nuna Ralph Fiennes, Liv Tyler da Lena Heady) ya dogara ne akan waƙar Pushkin kuma yana baje kolin wuraren shakatawa da yawa. Stroll (2003) na Aleksei Uchitel ya ƙunshi abubuwan jan hankali da yawa na birni tare da Irina Pegova tana taka rawar gani mai ban mamaki, kyakkyawa da kyan gani na Rasha. 'Yan'uwa Biyu da Amarya (2002), asali mai suna A Harkokin Waje da Tauraruwar David Arquette, wani wasan kwaikwayo ne game da 'yan'uwa da ke neman amarya a St. Petersburg kuma sun ƙare samun ƙarin. Shahararrun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Master da Margarita an yi fim a wani bangare a St. Petersburg. Ana gudanar da bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya da dama a kowace shekara, kamar bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa a Saint Petersburg, tun lokacin da aka kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1993 a lokacin farar dare. [

St. Petersburg a cikin adabi

Gidan Tarihi na Pushkin Apartment a kan 12 Moyka River Embankment

St. Petersburg yana da dogon tarihi kuma sanannen al'ada a cikin adabi. Dostoyevsky ya kira shi "Birni mafi ganganci a duniya", yana mai da hankali ga aikin wucin gadi, amma kuma alama ce ta rashin lafiya na zamani a cikin Rasha mai canzawa. Ya bayyana ga marubutan Rasha akai-akai a matsayin wata hanya mai ban tsoro da rashin mutuntaka. Hoton birni mai ban tsoro kuma galibi ana nuna shi a cikin wakoki na ƙarshe na Pushkin, labarun Petersburg na Gogol, litattafan Dostoyevsky, ayar Alexander Blok da Osip Mandelshtam, da kuma a cikin littafin marubucin Peter Bely na alama. A cewar Lotman a cikin babinsa, 'The Symbolism of St. Jigogi na ruwa da rikici tsakanin ruwa da dutse, wanda aka fassara a matsayin rikici tsakanin yanayi da na wucin gadi, da kuma jigon wasan kwaikwayo, wanda gine-ginen gine-gine na St. Tasirin rayuwa a St. Wani muhimmin fasali na wallafe-wallafen farko na St.

Marubutan ƙarni na 20 daga St. Petersburg, kamar su Vladimir Nabokov, Andrey Bely, Yevgeny Zamyatin tare da ɗalibansa Serapion Brothers sun kirkiro dukkan sababbin salo a cikin wallafe-wallafen kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar al'umma ta hanyar kwarewarsu a wannan birni. Anna Akhmatova ta zama muhimmiyar jagora ga waƙoƙin Rasha. Waƙarta Requiem, tana mai da hankali kan bala'in rayuwa a lokacin ta'addanci na Stalin. Wani sanannen marubuci na karni na 20 daga St. Petersburg shine Joseph Brodsky, wanda ya karbi kyautar Nobel a cikin wallafe-wallafen (1987). Yayinda yake zaune a Amurka, rubuce-rubucensa a Turanci sun nuna game da rayuwa a St. Petersburg daga hangen nesa na musamman na kasancewa mai ciki da baƙo ga birnin a cikin rubutun kamar "A Guide to a Renamed City" da nostalgic, "A cikin ɗaki da rabi".

Wasanni

Filin wasa na Krestovsky

St. Petersburg ta dauki bakuncin wani bangare na gasar kwallon kafa a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1980. An gudanar da Wasannin Goodwill na 1994 a nan.

Gasar farko a nan ita ce taron motsa jiki na 1703 wanda Peter the Great ya fara, bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan rundunar Jirgin ruwa ta Sweden. Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Rasha ce ta gudanar da abubuwan da suka faru tun lokacin da aka kafa birnin. Horsemanism ya kasance al'ada ce mai tsawo, sananne a tsakanin Tsars da aristocracy, da kuma wani ɓangare na horo na soja. An gina wuraren wasanni na tarihi da yawa don Horsemanism tun daga karni na 18, don kula da horo a duk shekara, kamar Zimny Stadion da Konnogvardeisky Manezh da sauransu.

An nuna al'adar Chess ta hanyar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1914, inda Tsar Nicholas II na Rasha ya fara ba da taken "Grandmaster" ga 'yan wasa biyar: Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, Tarrasch da Marshall, kuma wanda Tsar ya ba da gudummawa.

Filin wasa na Kirov (wanda yanzu ya rushe) yana daya daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma gidan FC Zenit Saint Petersburg a 1950-1989 da 1992. A shekara ta 1951 halartar mutane 110,000 sun kafa rikodin kwallon kafa na Soviet. Zenit yanzu suna buga wasanninsu na gida a Gazprom ArenaGidan wasan Gazprom

Shahararrun mutane

Igor Stravinsky, mawaƙi, an haife shi a shekara ta 1882 a wani yanki na Saint Petersburg

Yawancin manyan ƴan Rasha da na ƙasashen duniya, ƴan siyasa, ƴan kasuwa, masu fasaha, marubuta da masana kimiyya an haife su da/ko sun rayu a Saint Petersburg. Waɗannan sun haɗa da da yawa daga cikin sarakunan Rasha; masu tarihi Grigori Rasputin, Felix Yusupov, Aleksandr Menshikov, Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin, Aleksandr Suvorov, Mikhail Kutuzov, Eugene Botkin, Peter Carl Fabergé, da Stroganovs; marubutan Aleksandr Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Nikolay Gogol, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Nikolai Leskov, Ayn Rand, Yevgeni Zamyatin, Vladimir Nabokov, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolai Gumilyov, Anna Akhmatova, Ivan Efremov, da Joseph Brodsky; Mawaƙa Anton Rubinstein, Aleksandr Borodin, Mikhail Glinka, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, da Andrei Petrov; masu zanen Ilya Repin, Ivan Aivazovsky, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ivan Shishkin, Ivan Kramskoy, Valentin Serov, Mikhail Vrubel, Aleksandr Benois, Kazimir Malevich, Léon Bakst, da Marc Chagall; masanan kimiyya Dmitri Mendeleev, Nikolay Semyonov, Pyotr Kapitsa, Yakov Frenkel, Zhores Alferov, Leonid Kantorovich, Mikhail Lomonosov, Ivan Pavlov, Ivan Sechenov, Heinrich Schliemann, Abram Ioffe, da Boris Piotrovsky; 'yan kasuwa Alfred Nobel, Ludvig Nobel, Emanuel Nobel, Robert Nobel, Nikolai Putilov, da 'yan'uwa Elisseeff; Cosmonauts Georgi Grechko da Sergei Krikalyov; 'yan wasan ballet Vaslav Nijinsky, Marius Petipa, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Matilda Kshesinskaya, Agrippina Vaganova, George Balanchine, Galina Ulanova, Natalia Dudinskaya, Natalia Makarova, Mikhail Baryshnikov, da Rudolf Nureyev; 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo Sergei Diaghilev, Ivan Vsevolozhsky, Fedor Shalyapin, Grigori Kozintsev, Nikolai Cherkasov, Boris Babochkin, Innokenty Smoktunovsky, Georgy Zhzhyonov, Georgy Tovstonogov, Kirill Lavrov, da Alisa Freindlikh, da conductors, Eduard Sipravnik Aleksandr Aleksandra Aleksandr Aleksandra Aleksandr. Mravinsky, Yuri Temirkanov, da Valery Gergiev; masanan lissafi Sofia Kovalevskaya, Pafnuti Chebyshev, Leonhard Euler, da Grigori Perelman; da 'yan siyasa Vladimir Lenin, Piotr Stolypin, Aleksandr Kerensky, Sergey Kirov, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Anatoly Sobchak, da Vladimir Putin.

Ilimi da kimiyya

Ginin Kwalejin Ma'adinai (1811) babban aikin Neoclassical ne na Andrey Voronikhin .

Ginin Twelve Collegia na Jami'ar Jihar St. Petersburg

Cibiyar Kula da Pulkovo

Saint Petersburg ya daɗe yana da cibiyar kimiyya da ilimi a Rasha.

• Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha (1724)
• Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg (wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1724)
• Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Saint Petersburg (wanda aka kafa a karni na 18)
• Kwalejin Fasaha ta Imperial (wanda aka kafa 1757)
• Kwalejin Vaganova ta Ballet ta Rasha
• Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Saint Petersburg (wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1798)
• Cibiyar Ma'adinai ta Saint Petersburg (Cibiyar Dutsen) (wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 1773)
• Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jihar Saint Petersburg (1828)
• Cibiyar Nazarin Pulkovo (1839)
• Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Ivan Pavlov da cibiyar bincike. (wanda aka kafa a shekarun 1880)
• Cibiyar Conservatory ta Saint Petersburg (1862)
• Kwalejin Shari'ar Soja ta Alexander (wanda aka kafa 1867)
• Jami'ar Electrotechnical ta Jihar Saint Petersburg (1886)
• Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Saint Petersburg (1899)
• Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Marine (Korabelka) (1899)
• Jami'ar Fasahar Bayanai ta Jihar Saint Petersburg, Injiniya da Optics (1900)
• Jami'ar Injiniya da Tattalin Arziki ta Jihar Saint Petersburg (1906)
• Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Jihar St. Petersburg (1907)
• Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Saint Petersburg
• Kwalejin Magunguna ta Saint Petersburg
• Kwalejin Kwalejin Kula da Yara ta Saint Petersburg (wanda aka kafa a 1900)
• Kwalejin gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Saint Petersburg (tsohuwar Kwalejin Tenishev) (1899)
• Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Saint Petersburg
• Jami'ar Koyarwa ta Jihar Rasha (Jami'ar Herzen) (1797)
• Jami'ar Al'adu da Fasaha ta Jihar St. Petersburg (1918)
• Jami'ar Tattalin Arziki da Kudi ta Jihar Saint Petersburg (Fineck) (1930)
• Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Baltic ("ВОЕНМЕХ") (1932)
• Jami'ar St. Petersburg Aerospace (Jami'ar Mozart)
• Kwalejin Smolny (1999)