Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi

 

Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Al-Hirah (en) , 640 (Gregorian)
ƙasa	Khalifancin Umayyawa
Mutuwa	Upper Mesopotamia (en) , 710 (Gregorian)
Karatu
Harsuna	Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a	maiwaƙe
Artistic movement	panegyric (en) satire khamriyyah (en)
Imani
Addini	Kiristanci

Ghiyath ibn Ghawth ibn al-Salt ibn Tariqa al-Taghlibi (Arabic) wanda aka fi sani da al-Akhtal (Arabic), yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mawaƙa na Larabawa na zamanin Umayyad. Ya kasance daga kabilar Banu Taghlib, kuma ya kasance, kamar 'yan uwansa, Kirista.

Tarihin rayuwa

Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibî na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu faɗakarwa na zamanin Umayyad. Ya zama sananne saboda satires da panegyrics a lokacin da shayari ya kasance muhimmiyar kayan siyasa. Ka'b ibn Ju'ayl ne ya gabatar da Al-Akhtal ga Yazid I kuma ya zama babban aboki na magajin da ke bayyane ga Khalifa Mu'awiya I (r. 661-680). Yazid, lokacin da ya hau gadon sarauta, ya kasance mai karimci ga al-Akhtal. Duk da Kiristanci, manyan Khalifancin Umayyad sun fi so shi. A duk rayuwarsa, al-Akhtal ya kasance mai goyon bayan Daular Umayyad mai mulki. Ya kasance abokin John na Dimashƙu har sai wannan ya yanke shawarar barin matsayinsa a kotun Umayyad kuma ya zama ɗan majami'a.

Ya yaba da Yazid, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan da al-Walid I a cikin jawabinsa kuma a cikin satires ya kai farmaki ga duk abokan adawar Khalifanci. Al-Akhtal ya zama mawaki na kotu na Abd al-Malik, wanda ya keɓe masa jawabai da yawa. Amma ya fada cikin rashin jin daɗi a ƙarƙashin al-Walid. Hadisin Bedouin na kafin Islama koyaushe yana bayyane a cikin waƙoƙin al-Akhtal kuma jawabinsa yana nuna ci gaba da rayuwar wannan al'adar. Labaran al-Akhtal sun sami matsayi na gargajiya. Masu sukar sun yarda da waƙoƙinsa a matsayin tushen Larabci mai tsabta.

An san bayanai kaɗan game da rayuwar al-Akhtal, sai dai cewa ya yi aure kuma ya sake shi, kuma ya shafe wani ɓangare na lokacinsa a Damascus, wani ɓangare tare da kabilarsa a Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia). A cikin yakin Taghlib-Qays ya shiga fagen fama, da kuma satires. A cikin rikice-rikicen wallafe-wallafen tsakanin tsaransa Jarir ibn Atiyah da al-Farazdaq, an sa Akhtal ya goyi bayan mawaki na ƙarshe. Al-Akhtal, Jarir da al-Farazdaq sun zama uku da aka yi bikin tsakanin Larabawa, amma game da fifiko akwai jayayya. Abu Ubayda ya sanya shi mafi girma daga cikin uku a ƙasa cewa a cikin waƙoƙinsa akwai Kasidas goma marasa lahani (waƙoƙin waka na Larabawa), da kuma goma kusan haka, kuma ba za a iya faɗi wannan game da sauran biyu ba.

Ayyuka

An buga Waƙoƙin al-Akhtal a jaridar Jesuit a Beirūt, 1891. An ba da cikakken labarin mawaki da lokutan sa a cikin H. Lammens" Le chantre des Omiades (Paris, 1895) (sake bugawa daga Jaridar Asiatique ta 1894).