Al-Qahir
 Al-Qahir | |||
|---|---|---|---|
31 Oktoba 932 - 19 ga Afirilu, 934 ← Al-Muqtadir (en)  - Ar-Radi (en) → | |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa | Bagdaza, 899 | ||
| ƙasa | Daular Abbasiyyah | ||
| Mutuwa | Bagdaza, 18 Oktoba 950 | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Mahaifi | Al-Mu'tadid | ||
| Ahali |
Al-Muktafi (en) da Al-Muqtadir (en) | ||
| Yare |
Abbasids (en) | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna | Larabci | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
gwamna da Caliph (en) | ||
Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭalḥa ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Qāhir bi'Llāh, wanda aka fi sani da sunan sarautarsa al-Qahir bi'Llah (), shine halifa na goma sha tara a khalifancin Abbasiyawa daga 932 zuwa 934. An haife shi a shekara ta 286 bayan hijira (899 C.E.) kuma ya rasu a shekara ta 339 bayan hijira (950 CE).
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al-Qahir ɗan Khalifa na 16 na Abbasid, al-Mu'tadid (r. 892-902), kuma ɗan'uwan Khalifa na 18, al-Muqtadir (r. 908-932). [1] Mahaifiyar al-Qahir ƙwaraƙwarar ce mai suna Fitnah . [2][3] Cikakken sunansa shi ne Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tadid al-Qahir bi'llah, kuma kunya shi ne Abu Mansur .
Hawa gadon sarauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Al-Qahir ya hau gadon sarauta a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikice-rikicen ɗan'uwansa da babban kwamandan mai iko, Mu'nis al-Muzaffar . [4] An fara zabarsa a matsayin Khalifa a watan Maris na shekara ta 929, [1] lokacin da Mu'nis ya kaddamar da juyin mulki kuma ya kori al-Muqtadir. Kodayake an dawo da al-Muqtadir bayan 'yan kwanaki, Mu'nis yanzu yana da kusan ikon mulkin kama karya a kan gwamnatin Abbasid.[5][4]
A cikin 932, bayan wani rikici tare da al-Muqtadir, Mu'nis ya yi tafiya a kan Baghdad. Al-Muqtadir ya yi ƙoƙari ya fuskanci shi, kuma an kashe shi a yaƙin da ya biyo baya.[5][4] Koyaya, a cikin taron da ya biyo baya na manyan mutane, an ƙi takarar Mu'nis na ɗan al-Muqtadir Ahmad (al-Radi na gaba) don goyon bayan al-Qahir (31 Oktoba 932). [1] [6] Yana da shekaru 35 a lokacin.[6]
Halifa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sabon Khalifa yana da "mutuntaka mai ƙarfi da ramawa", a cewar Dominique Sourdel, wanda ya sa kansa ya ji ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya hau mulki, lokacin da ya azabtar da 'ya'yan ɗan'uwansa da jami'ai, da kuma mahaifiyar al-Muqtadir Shaghab, don cire dukiyarsu. [1] [6] Ya fi ƙarfin hali fiye da wanda ya riga shi kuma ya horar da hoton tsattsauran ra'ayi da tsattsauruwa a kotunsa, da gangan ya bambanta da rayuwar lalata da al-Muqtadir ya jagoranta, amma a bayan fage shi ma ya shiga cikin maye.[7]
Da yake ƙoƙarin magance tasirin Mu'nis da na vizier Ibn Muqla, wanda ke kula da gwamnati, kuma ya sake tabbatar da ikon ofishinsa, [1] al-Qahir ya ci gaba da hulɗa tare da ƙungiyar kotu da aka ci nasara ta hanyar Muhammad ibn Yaqut. [7] Wannan ya firgita Mu'nis da magoya bayansa, amma sun makara. A watan Yulin 933, al-Qahir ya kai farmaki: an hana shirin mai kula da majalisar Ibn Yalbaq na kawar da shi, kuma an kama shi da Mu'nis kuma an kashe su, yayin da aka tilasta wa Ibn Muqla ya gudu daga babban birnin.[1][7]
Al-Qahir ya nada Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn Ubayd Allah a matsayin vizier. Al-Qahir ya fara tsayayya da manufofin Shi'a, yana bayyana kansa a matsayin "Mai ramuwar gayya na abokan gaba na Bangaskiya" (al-muntaqim min aʿdāʾ dīn Allāh), taken da ya sanya a kan tsabar kudi.[1] Duk da goyon bayansa ga manufofin adawa da Shi'a na Khalifa, ba da daɗewa ba aka sallami Muhammad ibn al-Qasim don goyon bayan Ahmad al-Khasibi. Kamar wanda ya riga shi, duk da haka, al-Khasibi bai iya shawo kan matsalar kudi ta jihar ba.[1]
Masanin tarihin Baghdadi na zamani al-Mas'udi, a cikin Meadows of Gold, ya ba da rahoton cewa "Jirgin tashin hankali ya sa ya zama tsoro da tsoro ga talakawansa". Ya tafi yana dauke da mashi, yana kashe wadanda ba su gamsu da shi ba. Koyaya, ainihin "rashin daidaituwa na halayensa da tsoratar da fushinsa ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi" ya ware jama'a da kotun, kuma ya shirya ƙasa don faduwarsa.[8]
Rashi da mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Visir din da aka yi wa gudun hijira Ibn Muqla ya ci gaba da yin makirci a kan al-Qahir; ya ci nasara a kan Mai tsaron Khalifa, wanda a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 934 ya yi juyin mulki kuma ya kama Khalifa a matsayin fursuna yayin da ya bugu.[7][1]
Da yake ƙin yin murabus don goyon bayan al-Radi (r. 932-940), an makantar da shi kuma an jefa shi cikin kurkuku.[6][1] A cewar al-Mas'udi, al-Radi "ya ɓoye labarai game da shi", don haka ya ɓace daga ilimin gama gari.[8] Ba a sake shi ba sai bayan shekaru goma sha ɗaya, lokacin da al-Mustakfi (r. 944-946) ya zo kursiyin kuma ya gano an kulle shi a cikin ɗaki mai nisa a fadar.[1][8] Ya rayu sauran rayuwarsa a matsayin bara, ya mutu a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 950. [6][1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Sourdel 1978.
- ↑ Hasan, M. (1998). History of Islam: Classical period, 571-1258 C.E. History of Islam. Islamic Publications. p. 255.
- ↑ Rizvi, Sayyid Saeed Akhtar; Shou, Salman (2005). Utumwa: Mtazamo wa Kiislamu na wa Nchi za Magharibi. Al-Itrah Foundation. p. 63. ISBN 978-9987-9022-4-8.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonner 2010.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bowen 1993.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Zetterstéen 1987.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Kennedy 2004.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Masudi 2010.
Tushe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Samfuri:New Cambridge History of Islam
- Samfuri:EI2
- Samfuri:The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
- Masudi (2010) [1989]. [[[:Samfuri:Google Books]] The Meadows of Gold: The Abbasids] Check
|url=value (help). Translated by Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7103-0246-5. - Samfuri:EI2
- Zetterstéen, K. V. (1987). "al-Ḳāhir Bi 'llāh". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume IV: 'Itk–Kwaṭṭa. Leiden: Brill. p. 627. doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3803. ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6.
al-Qahir Born: 899 Died: 950
| ||
| Sunni Islam titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Magabata al-Muqtadir |
Abbasid Caliph March 929 |
Magaji al-Muqtadir |
| Magabata al-Muqtadir |
Abbasid Caliph 31 October 932 – 24 April 934 |
Magaji al-Radi |
