Alania
 Alania | |||||
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| Wuri | |||||
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| Babban birni |
Maghas (en)  | ||||
| Yawan mutane | |||||
| Harshen gwamnati |
Alanian (en) | ||||
| Addini | Kiristanci | ||||
| Bayanan tarihi | |||||
| Ƙirƙira | 9 century | ||||
| Rushewa | 13 century | ||||
| Tsarin Siyasa | |||||
| Tsarin gwamnati |
feudal monarchy (en) | ||||
Alania wata masarauta ce ta Tsakiyar Alans ta Iran (Proto-Ossetians) [1][2][3][4] wacce ta bunƙasa tsakanin ƙarni na 9th – 13th a cikin Arewacin Caucasus, kusan a wurin Circassia na ƙarshe, Chechnya, Ingushetia, da Arewa Ossetia – Alania ta zamani. Tare da babban birninta a Maghas, wurin da har yanzu ake jayayya, ya zama mai cin gashin kansa daga Khazars a ƙarshen karni na 9. Wani ɗan mishan na Byzantine ya zama Kiristanci ba da daɗewa ba, a farkon ƙarni na 10.Ya kai kololuwar sa a cikin karni na 11, karkashin mulkin Sarki Durgulel, [5]ya sami riba daga sarrafa hanyar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci ta hanyar Darial Pass. Ba wai kawai daular Byzantine ba, har ma da Masarautar Jojiya, da kuma karamar masarautar Dagestani ta Sarir; biyun na farko kuma sun yi amfani da sojojin haya na Alan, waɗanda suka shaharar mahaya dawakai. Ita ce ke da alhakin yada addinin Kiristanci na Orthodox tsakanin al'ummomin arna maƙwabta kamar Circassians da Vainakhs. Masarautar daga ƙarshe ta ƙi daga karni na 12 kuma ta daina aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar siyasa a farkon karni na 13. A shekara ta 1239/1240 'yan Mongol suka mamaye, suka afkawa Maghas babban birnin kasar tare da lalata su.
Suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan Alania ya samo asali ne daga Tsohuwar tushe na Iran *Aryāna-, wani nau'i ne na tushe na Indo-Iranian * arya- ('Aryan'). Yana da alaƙa da sunan Iran (Ērān), wanda ya samo asali daga tsohuwar Farisa *Aryānām ('na Aryans').[6][7].
A wasu kafofin, ana ambaton su da "As". A cikin tarihin Rasha da asalin Hungary ana kiran su "Yas" [8]
Kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alans na Caucasian sun mamaye wani yanki na filin Caucasian da tsaunin babban sarkar tsaunuka daga mashigin kogin Kuban da magudanar ruwa, Zelenchuk a yamma, zuwa kwazazzabo Daryal a gabas. A cewar masanin tarihi al-Mas'udi na karni na 10, ya nuna cewa masarautar Alan ta taso daga Daghestan zuwa Abkhazia. A cewar Hudud al-Alam, A arewa, Alans sun yi iyaka da Hungarian da Bulgars. A gabas sun sanya sunansu ga kwazazzabo Daryal, wanda ake kira "Ƙofar Alans" [9].
Al'umma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cewar Al-masudi, Sarkin Alan ya kasance mai iko da tasiri a tsakanin sarakunan makwabta, yana iya tara mahayan dawakai 30,000. Ya kuma ce "Masarautar Alan ta kunshi jerin matsugunan da ba a yankewa ba; idan zakara ya yi cara (a daya daga cikinsu), amsar ta zo daga sauran sassan masarautar, saboda kauyukan suna hade kuma suna kusa da juna." A cewar Ḥdud al-’ālam, an kwatanta Alania a matsayin babbar ƙasa mai ƙauyuka 1,000. Yawan jama'a ya ƙunshi Kiristoci da Maguzawa, masu hawan dutse da makiyaya.[10]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alans (Alani) ya samo asali ne a matsayin yanki na masu magana da harshen Iran na Sarmatiyawa. An raba su ta hanyar mamayewa na Hun zuwa kashi biyu, Turai da Caucasian. Alans na Caucasian sun mamaye wani yanki na fili na Arewacin Caucasian da tsaunin babban sarkar dutse tun daga mashigin kogin Kuban a yamma zuwa kwazazzabon Darial a gabas[11]
Sanannun Sarakuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba a san sunan sunan da sarakunan Alania ke amfani da shi ba. Inda aka ambace su ta wurin bayanan tarihi, ana kiransu iri-iri "Ubangiji", "yariman", "sarki", "tsar", da kuma Rumawa, exousiokrator. Musamman ma, Rumawa ba su taɓa yin la'akari da wasu shugabannin ƙasashen waje da wannan lakabi ba, suna amfani da arkhon ko exousiates maimakon [12].
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ [4]West 2009, pp. 619–621
- ↑ [6]"OSSETIC LANGUAGE i. History and description". Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ [6]"OSSETIC LANGUAGE i. History and description". Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
- ↑ [3]Waldman & Mason 2006, pp. 12–14, 572–573
- ↑ [7]Kouznetsov & Lebedynsky 2005, pp. 186, 260.
- ↑ [9]Mallory & Adams 1997, p. 213.
- ↑ [8]Benveniste 1973, p. 300.
- ↑ [10]"ALANS". Encyclopædia Iranica. Bibliotheca Persica Press. Retrieved 16 May 2015
- ↑ [11]Abaev & Bailey 1985, pp. 801–803.
- ↑ [11]Abaev & Bailey 1985, pp. 801–803.
- ↑ [12]Bailey, Harold Walter. Alans. Archived 2012-01-21 at the Wayback Machine Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition. Accessed on August 20, 2007.
- ↑ [49]Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1973). Constantine Porphyrogenitus and his world. Oxford University Press. p. 409. ISBN 9780192152534.