Alaska Native Brotherhood / Sisterhood
 Alaska Native Brotherhood / Sisterhood | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Iri | ma'aikata |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1912 |
Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) da takwaransa, Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS) , ƙungiyoyi biyu ne masu zaman kansu da aka kafa don magance wariyar launin fata a kan mutanen Alaska a Alaska. An kafa ANB a 1912 kuma an kafa ANS shekaru uku bayan haka. A farkon rabin karni na 20, su ne kawai kungiyoyin da ke aiki don kare hakkin bil'adama na 'Yan asalin Alaska a cikin yankin da jihar.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
'Yan asalin Alaska goma sha uku da suka halarci Makarantar Horar da Sheldon Jackson sun haɗu a 1912 don kafa Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB). [1] Wadanda suka kafa su ne George Fields, William Hobson, James C. Jackson, Eli Kalanvok, Seward Kunz, Paul Liberty, Frank Mercer, Marie Moon Orsen, Frank Price, James Watson, Chester Worthington, da Ralph Young.[1] Peter Simpson (Tsimshian) shi ne shugaban farko na kungiyar kuma galibi ana kiransa "mahaifin ANB". [1] Membobin asali suna son 'yan asalin Alaska su sami damar samun ilimi da inganta matsayinsu a cikin al'umma.[2] Alaska al'umma ce mai rarrabewa a lokacin.[1] Hakkin 'yan asalin Alaska ga ƙasarsu da kamun kifi da wuraren farauta sun ɓace.[2]
Gidan 'yan asalin Alaska, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1914 a bakin teku a Sitka, shine wurin farko mallakar kungiyar. Don muhimmancin ANB, an sanya zauren a matsayin Tarihin Tarihi na Kasa.[3] A cikin 1915, mata ne suka kafa kungiyar Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS) a Wrangell, Alaska . [4] ANS ta yi aiki tare da ANB kan batutuwan kare hakkin bil'adama da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a.[4] Har ila yau a cikin 1915, ANB da ANS sun sami damar taimakawa wajen zartar da Dokar 'yan asalin ƙasar.[1]
A ƙarshen 1920s da 1930s, ANB ta fara kauracewa wuraren da ke da alamun "Babu 'yan asalin".[5] Yawancin takunkumin da aka yi a kudu maso gabashin Alaska sun kasance masu tasiri.[5] Louis Paul (Tlingit) da William Paul (Tligit) sun fito ne a matsayin shugabannin ANB a wannan lokacin.[2]
A cikin shekarun 1930, 'yan asalin Alaska Native Brotherhood sun sami akalla tallafin Civilian Conservation Corps guda ɗaya daga gwamnatin Franklin D. Roosevelt don dawowa da adana sanduna. Wani tallafin $ 24,000 ya ba da damar aiki tare da masanin gine-gine Linn A. Forrest, masanin gine'in Amurka na Juneau, don gina Gidan Jama'a na Shakes Island da kuma adana totems a Wrangell a cikin 1937-1939 a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali.
Elizabeth Peratrovich (Tlingit), memba kuma babban shugaban ANS, ya shirya, ya rubuta korafe-korafe, kuma ya ba da shaida ga majalisar dattijai ta jihar a 1945 don haƙƙin ɗan adam na 'yan asalin Alaska.[6] Ta taimaka wajen lashe dokar adawa da nuna bambanci ta jihar ta 1945.[6] A matsayinta na shugabar ANS ta karfafa mata 'yan asalin ƙasar da su nemi tallafin tarayya da na yanki don taimakawa iyalansu.[6] Peratrovich ya kuma bunkasa kungiyar ta hanyar daukar sabbin mambobi.[6] Amy Hallingstad (Tlingit) ta taimaka wa Peratrovich don haɗa makarantu da kuma ba da shawara don ƙarin albarkatu.[6]
Matsayi a kan mallakar gashin gaggafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2005, kungiyar ta yi tsayayya da dokar tarayya ta Amurka wacce ta sa tattarawa da mallakar gashin tsuntsayen gaggafa ba bisa ka'ida ba, saboda waɗannan sun kasance cikin ayyukan ruhaniya da al'adu na 'yan asalin Alaska.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Dokar Daidaitaccen Hakki ta Alaska ta 1945
- Bayani na dokar Indiya ta tarayya ta Amurka da manufofi
- Majagaba na Alaska
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Bill, Laurel Downing (1 February 2016). "Alaska Native Brotherhood organizes in 1912". Senior Voice (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-12. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Metcalfe 2014.
- ↑ "Alaska Native Brotherhood". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-27. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sostaric, Katarina (2015-10-12). "Alaska Native Sisterhood celebrates 100th anniversary in Wrangell". KTOO (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-11-08.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cole 1992.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Guise 2020.