Alchemy na Farin Ciki
| Alchemy na Farin Ciki | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Asali | |
| Mawallafi | Al-Ghazali |
| Ƙasar asali | Iran |
| Characteristics | |
| Harshe | Farisawa |
| Muhimmin darasi |
Islamic ethics (en)  |
Kīmīyā-yi Sa'ādat (Persian: کیمیای سعadt Turanci: Alchemy of Happiness / Contentment) littafi ne da Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, masanin tauhidi Farisa, masanin falsafa, kuma marubucin Musulmi mai yawa, sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tunani da masu sihiri na Islama, a Farisa, a Farisanci. An rubuta Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa jim kadan kafin 499 AH/1105 AD. A lokacin da aka rubuta shi, an dauki duniyar musulmi a matsayin siyasa, da kuma rikice-rikicen ilimi. Al-Ghazālī, ya lura cewa akwai rikice-rikice na yau da kullun game da rawar da falsafar da tauhidin ilimi ke takawa, kuma an hukunta Sufis saboda watsi da al'adun addinin Islama. Bayan fitowar wannan littafin, Kimiya-yi sa'ādat ya ba al-Ghazali damar rage tashin hankali tsakanin malamai da masu sihiri.[1] Kimiya-yi sa'ādat ya jaddada muhimmancin kiyaye bukatun al'ada na Islama, ayyukan da za su haifar da ceto, da guje wa zunubi. Dalilin da ya sa Kimiya-yi sa'ādat ya bambanta da sauran ayyukan tauhidi a lokacin shine jaddada kansa da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi.[1]
Tsarinsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat da fassarorin da suka biyo baya sun fara ne da ambaton wasu majalisun Annabi. Gabaɗaya, Kimiya-yi sa'ādat yana da manyan sassa huɗu na surori goma kowannensu:
- Ayyukan addini
- Monjīāt (ceto)
- Mu'amalat (bangare na dangantakar ɗan adam na Islama)
- Mohlekāt (laifuka)
Sa'āda
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sa'āda (farin ciki) babban ra'ayi ne a cikin falsafar Islama da aka yi amfani da shi don bayyana mafi girman manufar ƙoƙarin ɗan adam. Sa'āda an dauke shi wani ɓangare na "farin ciki na ƙarshe", wato na gaba. Sai kawai lokacin da mutum ya 'yantar da ransa gaba ɗaya daga wanzuwar jikinsa, kuma ya isa abin da ake kira "halayyar aiki". Al-Ghazali ya yi imani da cikakkiyar ɗabi'a kuma cewa ta hanyar yin amfani da ikon da Allah ya ba shi don dalili dole ne a jawo mutum zuwa alchemy na ruhaniya wanda ke canza rai daga duniya zuwa cikakkiyar ibada ga Allah. Wannan shi kaɗai, ya yi imanin, zai iya haifar da farin ciki mai girma. Koyarwar Ghazālī ita ce ta taimaka wa mutum ya rayu daidai da doka mai tsarki, kuma ta hanyar yin hakan ya sami zurfin fahimta game da ma'anarsa a Ranar Shari'a.
Kimiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kimiya ko Kimiā (Alchemy) kimiyya ce mai amfani da sihiri wacce aka yi nazari a kanta tsawon ƙarni. A cikin ainihinsa, Kimiā yana wakiltar cikakken ra'ayi game da sararin samaniya da alaƙar da ke tsakanin halittu na duniya da sararin sama.[2] Masana falsafa na addini sun jaddada muhimmancinsa a matsayin horo na addini. Saboda girmansa na ruhaniya Kimiā an dauke shi mafi daraja a duk kimiyyar sihiri (watau astrology da nau'ikan sihiri daban-daban). Ghazali da kansa ya yi imani cewa duk abin da ke duniya bayyanar ruhun Allah ne, don haka duk abin da yake na kimiā ne.[2]
Iḥyā' 'Ulūm al-Dīn
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani kuskuren ra'ayi ne cewa Kimiya-yi sa'ādat sake rubutawa ne na Iḥyā′ 'Ulūm al-Dīn. Iḥyâ′ 'Ulơn al-Dynn al-Ghazali ne ya rubuta shi bayan ya bar aikinsa a matsayin farfesa saboda "rikice na ruhaniya", wanda ya kai shi ga zama a ɓoye na shekaru da yawa. An rubuta shi a cikin Larabci, kuma ƙoƙari ne na nuna hanyoyin da rayuwar Sufi za ta iya dogara da abin da dokar Islama ke buƙata. Akwai daidaitattun daidaito tsakanin Iḥyā 'Ulūm al-Dīn da Kimiya-yi sa'ādat, duk da haka surori huɗu na gabatarwa na Kimiya-ye sa'ādata suna dauke da tattaunawar tauhidin da ta dace wanda ya raba su biyu. Kimiya-yi sa'ādat ya fi guntu fiye da Iḥyā′ 'Ulūm al-Dīn, duk da haka a cikin asalin Farisa na Kimiya-ji sa'ādet, Ghazālī a bayyane ya bayyana cewa ya rubuta Kimiya-y sa'ādot don nuna ainihin Iḥyâ′ 'Ulơn al-Dynn da wasu rubuce-rubucen tauhidinsa; ya rubuta shi a Farisa don ya kai ga masu sauraro masu yawa a ƙasarsa.
Fassara da gyare-gyare
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga asalin Farisa an fassara Kimiya-yi sa'ādat zuwa Urdu, Turkiyya, Azerbaijani, da Jamusanci. Husayn-Khadiv-i Jam ya shirya rabin farko na rubutun Farisa kusan shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Wannan sigar an dauke ta mafi fa'ida, yayin da ta inganta a kan fitowar da Ahmad Ahram da Muhammad Abbasi suka gabata. Mirza Muhammad Yusuf Ali ne ya fassara shi zuwa Harshen Bengali a matsayin Soubhaggô Spôrśômôṇi a cikin shekara ta 1895.
In 1910, Claud Field published an abridged translation of the Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat utilizing the Urdu translation of the Persian text as well as an earlier English paraphrase of a Turkish translation by Muhammad Mustafa an-Nawali. Elton L. Daniel, a professor of Islamic history at the University of Hawaii,[1] compared the texts given to him by Claud Field to the Persian edition and reorganized the sequence of the chapters and paragraph divisions in order to get them to correlate better with the original Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat. He also added annotations indicating the areas in which Field's translation varies from the original Kimiya-yi Sa'ādat, where certain texts were omitted/condensed, and identifies many of the individuals and Qur'anic citations found in the text. The most recent translation of Kimiya-yi sa'ādat was published in 2008 and was translated by Jay Crook. Most scholars agree that nothing can compare to a complete and fresh translation from the original Persian text.