Alexandra ta Yugoslavia
Alexandra (Girkanci: Αλεξάνδρα, Serbo-Croatian: Александра/Aleksandra, a cikin 1922 an sake gane shi a matsayin Gimbiya Alexandra ta Girka da Denmark; 25 Maris 1921 - 30 Janairu 1993) ita ce Sarauniyar Yugo ta II ta ƙarshe.
Yarinyar Sarki Alexander na Girka da matarsa, Aspasia Manos, Alexandra ba ta cikin dangin sarauta na Girka ba har zuwa Yuli 1922 lokacin da, a kan umarnin Sarauniya Sophia, mahaifiyar Alexander, an zartar da doka wacce ta amince da auren 'yan gidan sarauta, kodayake ba bisa ga mulkin mallaka ba; saboda haka, ta sami salon da sunan Sarauniyar Sarauniya Alexandra ta Girka da Denmark. A lokaci guda, mummunar rikici na siyasa da soja, wanda ke da alaƙa da cin nasarar Girka da Turkiyya a Anatolia, ya haifar da korar da gudun hijira na dangin sarauta, tun daga 1924. Da yake su ne kawai mambobin daular da aka ba su izinin kasancewa a cikin ƙasar ta Jamhuriyar Helenic ta Biyu, yarima da mahaifiyarta daga baya sun sami mafaka a Italiya tare da Sarauniya Sophia.
Bayan shekaru uku tare da kakarta, Alexandra ta bar Florence don ci gaba da karatunta a Ingila, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta zauna a Venice. An raba ta da mahaifiyarta, yarima ta yi rashin lafiya, ta tilasta wa Aspasia ta bar makarantar kwana inda take karatu. Bayan maido da kawunta, Sarki George II, a kan kursiyin Hellenic a 1935, Alexandra ta zauna a ƙasarsu sau da yawa amma barkewar Yaƙin Girka da Italiya, a 1940, ya tilasta mata da mahaifiyarta su zauna a Athens. Harin da aka yi wa Girka ta hanyar ikon Axis a watan Afrilu-Mayu 1941, duk da haka, ya haifar da ƙaura zuwa Ƙasar Ingila. Har ila yau, Alexandra ta sadu da saurayi Sarki Peter II na Yugoslavia a Landan, wanda shi ma ya tafi gudun hijira bayan mamaye ƙasarsa da Jamusawa suka yi.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Alexandra da Peter II sun ƙaunaci juna kuma sun shirya yin aure. Hamayya daga mahaifiyar Peter, Maria, da gwamnatin Yugoslav da ke gudun hijira sun tilasta wa ma'auratan su jinkirta shirin aurensu har zuwa 1944, lokacin da suka yi bikin aurensu. [lower-alpha 1] Shekara guda bayan haka, Alexandra ta haifi ɗanta kaɗai, Alexander, Yarima na Yugoslavia. Koyaya, farin cikin iyalin ba ta da tsawo: a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1945, Marshal Tito ya ayyana Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Yugoslavia ta Socialist kuma Alexandra, wacce ba ta taɓa sa ƙafa a ƙasar da ta karɓa ba, an bar ta ba tare da kambi ba. Kaddamar da mulkin mallaka na Yugoslav ya haifar da mummunar sakamako ga ma'aurata na sarauta. Ba tare da kudi ba kuma ba zai iya daidaitawa da matsayin ɗan ƙasa ba, Peter II ya juya zuwa maye da kuma al'amuran da yawa tare da wasu mata. Da yake baƙin ciki game da halin mijinta, Alexandra ta yi watsi da ɗanta kuma ta yi ƙoƙari da yawa ta kashe kanta. Bayan mutuwar Peter II a shekarar 1970, lafiyar Alexandra ta ci gaba da tabarbarewa. Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a 1993. An binne gawarwakinta a cikin Royal Cemetery Plot a cikin wurin shakatawa na Tatoi, a Girka, kafin a canja shi zuwa Royal Mausoleum na Oplenac a cikin 2013.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haihuwar da ke kewaye da makirci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Batun maye gurbin Girka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Watanni biyar kafin haihuwar Alexandra, mahaifinta, Sarki Alexander, ya mutu daga sepsis bayan cin biri wanda ya faru a lambunan Tatoi.[1][2] Mutuwar ba zato ba tsammani na mai mulki ya haifar da mummunar rikici na siyasa a Girka, a lokacin da ra'ayin jama'a ya riga ya rabu da abubuwan da suka faru na yakin duniya na farko da Yaƙin Girka da Turkiyya. Sarki ya kammala auren da ba daidai ba tare da Aspasia Manos, kuma, saboda haka, zuriyarsu ba ta da masarauta.[lower-alpha 2] Saboda rashin wani dan takara na kursiyin, Firayim Minista Eleftherios Venizelos nan da nan aka tilasta masa ya yarda da maido da abokin gaba, Sarki Constantine I, a ranar 19 ga Disamba 1920. [1][5] An bi da ɗan gajeren mulkin Alexander a hukumance a matsayin mai mulki, wanda ke nufin cewa aurensa, wanda aka yi kwangila ba tare da izinin mahaifinsa ba, ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, auren ya zama banza, kuma ɗan ma'auratan da ya mutu ba bisa ka ga doka ba ne.
Duk da haka, Alexandra ko Aspasia ba su sami karbuwa ta hukuma ba: daga ra'ayi na shari'a, su talakawa ne ba tare da wani haƙƙi a cikin gidan sarauta ba. Abubuwa sun canza daga watan Yulin 1922 lokacin da, bayan sa hannun Sarauniya Sophia, an zartar da doka wacce ta amince da auren 'yan gidan sarauta, kodayake ba bisa ka'ida ba; tare da wannan dabarar doka, yarima ta sami salon Royal Highness da taken Princess of Greece and Denmark. Don haka, haihuwar Alexandra ta zama halal a idanun dokar Girka, amma tunda an amince da auren a kan 'ba na sarauta ba', matsayinta na sarauta ya kasance mai rauni kuma ta kasance ba ta cancanci zama sarauta ba; duk da haka, wannan sanarwa ta baya-bayan nan ta ba ta damar yin aure mai fa'ida, wanda ba zai yiwu ba idan ba ta kasance komai ba sai 'yar matar Sarki.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ The marriage was sponsored by the British, as a way to endorse the proposed Greek–Yugoslav confederation.
- ↑ The ancestors of Aspasia Manos were of the high Phanariot aristocracy and she counted several Voivodes of the Danubian Principalities among her ancestors; however, her rank was deemed insufficient to allow her to marry a member of European royalty. Hence, Alexander's wedding was not approved by either his family, the Hellenic Government or Metropolitan Meletius III of Greece.[3][4]
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- 1 2 Van der Kiste 1994.
- ↑ Palmer & Greece 1990.
- ↑ Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004, p. 177.
- ↑ Van der Kiste 1994, p. 119.
- ↑ Mateos Sainz de Medrano 2004.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)