Algae bloom
 Algae bloom | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
water pollution (en)  da natural phenomenon (en) |
Bloom Bloom ko Algae Bloom yana da saurin ƙaruwa ko tarawa a cikin yawan algae a cikin ruwan sabo ko tsarin ruwa. Ana gane shi sau da yawa ta hanyar discoloration a cikin ruwa daga algae na alaga. [1] Kalmar algae ta kayyade nau'ikan nau'ikan hotunan kwaikwayo na ruwa, kwayoyin macricopic kamar yadda kwayoyin cuta na ruwa kamar cyanobacacteria. [2] Algal Bloom kusan yana nufin saurin girma na microscopic algae, ba macroscopic algae. [3] Misali na Algal na Algal Bloom shine gandun daji na Kelp. [2]
Algal blooms ne sakamakon abinci mai gina jiki, kamar nitrogen ko phosphorus daga wurare daban-daban (alal misali taki da abinci mai gina jiki), yana shigar da tsarin abinci mai gina jiki), yana shigar da wuce haddi girma na algae. Bloom na Algal yana shafar duk yanayin halitta gaba ɗaya.
Sakamakon haɗarin daga tasirin tasirin, kamar ciyar da matakan sakamako masu ƙarfi, don ƙarin tasirin cutarwa a cikin ruwa, kuma, ya danganta da kwayoyin, ɓoye gubobi a cikin ruwa. Duk da haka, Algae ya kuma taka rawa mai mahimmanci ta wajen samar da kusan kashi 70% na iskar oxygen na duniya, wanda ke tallafawa rayuwar ƙasa. Blooms da za su iya cutar da dabbobi ko ilimin rashin aiki, musamman ma waɗanda Algae suke da gubobi su, (Hab), kuma suna iya haifar da ruwa zuwa mazauna, ko jihohi da ke rufe fuskoki. Tsarin oesationpy na abubuwan gina jiki da ke haifar da girma zuwa Algae girma da oxygen da ake kira lalata oxygen.
Algal da kuma bloom na kwayan cuta sun ba da gudummawa ga taro lalacewa ta duniya Siberian tarko da kuma farfadowa da juyayi bayan taro. [4]
Siffantarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An ayyana kalmomin Algal na yau da kullun dangane da filin kimiyya, kuma yana iya kasancewa daga "Minibloom" [lokacin da aka ayyana shi? [5] Mai cutarwa mai cutarwa. [5]Tunda Algae babban lokaci ne wanda ya hada da halittu daban-daban masu girma dabam dabam dabam, da bukatun abinci, babu wani matakin da aka san matakin da hukuma, babu wani matakin qwarai da aka san shi kamar yadda ake bayyana shi a matsayin Bloom. Domin babu yarjejeniya ta kimiyya, ana iya bayyana blooms da yawa: ma'aunai na sabon sakamako na Algal, ko taro na algae idan aka kwatanta da sauran al'adar microbial. [5] Misali, ma'alla da fure fure sun hada da:
Taro na chlorophyll 100 μg / l, [6]
Taro na chlorophyllll 5 μg / l, [7]
taro na jinsunan da aka ɗauka suna yin fure fiye da sel 1000 / ml, [8] da
Dokokin Algae suna maida hankali ne kawai ta hanyar haɓakawa na al'ada. [9]
Blooms ne sakamakon abinci mai gina jiki da musamman ana gabatar da shi zuwa tsarin ruwa na gida. Wannan abinci mai gina jiki yana haɓaka nitrogen ko phosphorus, amma kuma iya zama baƙin ƙarfe, ko bitamin, ko amino acid. [2] Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙari da irin waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki ga ruwa. A cikin Boye Tecean da kuma Tekun Tekun, Upwellicing daga biyu iska da kuma sifofi na teku na teku na iya jawo abubuwan gina jiki ga mai daukar hoto, ko yankin fadada. [11] Tare da yankuna na bakin teku da kuma ruwan tsakaitaccen tsarin aiki, aikin gona, birni, da kuma dempage runtup na iya haifar da algal. [12]
Algal Blooms, musamman manyan abubuwan da suka faru na Algal, zasu iya rage nuna ruwa na ruwa kuma suna iya ƙima. [2] Hotunan Piglet na Photoswal a cikin sel na Algal, kamar chlorophyll da masu daukar hoto, tantance launi na Algal Bloom. Ya danganta da kwayoyin, launuka masu launi, da zurfin a cikin shafi na ruwa, Algal blooms na iya zama kore, ja, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa, ko shunayya. [2] Blod kore blooms a cikin riguna na ruwa sune akai akai sakamakon "blue-kore algae") kamar Microcystis. [2] [13] Blooms na iya kunshi Macroalgal (ba phytoplanktonic) ba. Wadannan blooms suna sanannu da manyan ruwan albashin algae wanda zai iya wanka sama da bakin teku. [14]
Da zarar gina jiki yana nan a cikin ruwa, algae fara girma a cikin sauri kudi fiye da yadda aka saba. A cikin karamin fure, wannan girma girma yana amfanar da dukkan halittu gaba daya ta hanyar samar da abinci da abubuwan gina jiki don wasu kwayoyin. [10]
Of musamman bayanin kula da algal mai cutarwa (habba), wanda ke faruwa na Algal Bloom wanda ya shafi mai guba ko in ba haka ba cutarwa pytoplankton. Yawancin jinsuna na iya haifar da alamun algal mai cutarwa. Misali,
Gymndoinin Nagasakiense na iya haifar da cutarwa mai cutarwa,
Dinoflagellate Gonyauailol Polyragram na iya haifar da lalacewa na oxygen da haifar da manyan kifaye,
cakanoobactis Aerugino zai iya yin gubobi, kuma
Diatom Chetoceros compolutus na iya lalata kifi masu yawa. [15]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ferris, Robert (26 July 2016). "Why are there so many toxic algae blooms this year". CNBC. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Barsanti, Laura; Gualtieri, Paolo (2014). Algae: Anatomy, Biochemistry, And Biotechnology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4398-6733-4.
- ↑ Smayda, Theodore J. (July 1997). "What is a bloom? A commentary". Limnology and Oceanography. 42 (5part2): 1132–1136. Bibcode:1997LimOc..42.1132S. doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1132.
- ↑ Mays, Chris; McLoughlin, Stephen; Frank, Tracy D.; Fielding, Christopher R.; Slater, Sam M.; Vajda, Vivi (17 September 2021). "Lethal microbial blooms delayed freshwater ecosystem recovery following the end-Permian extinction". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 5511. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5511M. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25711-3. PMC 8448769. PMID 34535650.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Smayda, Theodore J. (1997). "What is a bloom? A commentary". Limnology and Oceanography. 42 (5part2): 1132–1136. Bibcode:1997LimOc..42.1132S. doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1132. ISSN 1939-5590.
- ↑ Tett, P (1987). "The Ecophysiology of Exceptional Blooms". Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 187: 47–60.
- ↑ Jonsson, Per R.; Pavia, Henrik; Toth, Gunilla (7 July 2009). "Formation of harmful algal blooms cannot be explained by allelopathic interactions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (27): 11177–11182. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10611177J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900964106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2708709. PMID 19549831.
- ↑ Kim, H.G. (1993). "Population cell volume and carbon content in monospecific dinoflagellate blooms". Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Developments in Marine Biology. Vol. 3. Elsevier. pp. 769–773.
- ↑ Parker, M (1987). "Exceptional Plankton Blooms Conclusion of Discussions: Convener's Report". Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 187: 108–114.