Alha-Khand
 Alha-Khand |
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An yi amfani da kalmar Alha Khand don yin nuni ga ayyukan waka a cikin Bhojpuri da Bagheli da sauran harsunan yanki waɗanda suka ƙunshi adadin ballads da ke kwatanta ayyukan jaruntaka na kwamandan ƙarni na biyu na 12th in Chiefs banafar Rajput Alha da Udal, janar-janar da ke aiki ga sarki Paramardi-Deva (Parmal) na Mahoba a kan Prihhan ( 2) (1166-1192 CE) na Ajmer . [1] An gabatar da ayyukan gaba ɗaya ta hanyar al'adar baka kuma a halin yanzu suna wanzuwa a lokuta da yawa, waɗanda suka sha bamban da juna a cikin yare da kuma batun batun. Bundeli, Bagheli, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Maithili, da Kannauji recensions sune sanannun a cikin waɗannan. [2]
Harshen asali na wannan aikin yana ci gaba da zama na zamani cikin shekaru aru-aru don dacewa da yaren mai karatu kuma an yi hasarar gabaɗaya a cikin wannan tsari. An yi imanin cewa Jagnayak (ko Jagnik) ne ya rubuta wannan aikin, wanda ya dace da Chand Bardai da mawaƙin kotu na Chandela mai mulkin Paramardi Deva (Parmal) na Mahoba a Bundelkhand . Aikin asali yanzu ya ɓace. Alha khand ya rera jarumtar banaphar Rajput shugaban alha udal .
ƙwararrun mawakan Bardic (wanda aka fi sani da Alhet s) har yanzu suna rera waƙoƙin wannan aikin a lokacin damina a sassa daban-daban na arewacin Indiya, galibi a Bihar, gabashin Uttar Pradesh da arewacin Madhya Pradesh . Akwai manyan sigar rubutu guda biyu.[3]
Mahoba Khand : Shyamsundar Das ne ya gano wannan aikin a matsayin rubutun hannu a cikin shekara ta 1901 a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sassan biyu na rubutun da aka yi wa lakabin "Prithviraj Raso". Shyamsundar Das ya kammala cewa rubutu ne daban kuma ya buga shi ta amfani da taken Parmal Raso a cikin 1919. Tana da cantos 36, wanda ya fara daga asalin Chandellas kuma ya ƙare tare da Alha ya zama almajirin yogi Gorakhnath kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa gandun daji a matsayin sufi. Marubucin ya yi kuka game da ƙarshen masarautun Hindu da farkon mulkin Pathan. Yana amfani da mita na gargajiya kamar doha, chaupai, chappaya da dai sauransu.[4][5]
Mahoba Samaya wani sashe ne na wasu rubuce-rubucen Prithviraj Raso . Labarin da aka bayar dai-dai yake da na Mahoba Khand. Sai dai ba shi da wani sashe kan asalin Chandellas.
Alha-khand : Tare da cantos 23, farawa da Pritvhiraj ya ci Sanyogita kuma ya ƙare da Bela ya zama sati. A cikin 1865, Charles Elliott ya tattara recension ta hanyar tattara nau'ikan baka iri-iri zuwa cikin cantos 23 kuma wannan recension shine tushen bugu na farko da aka buga a 1871. [6] Daga baya George Abraham Grierson ya faɗaɗa wannan jinkiri tare da ƙarin bayanai. William Waterfield ne ya fassara ɓangarorin wannan recension zuwa mita ballad na Ingilishi, ƙarƙashin taken Sarkar Nine-Lakh ko Maro Feud (1876). Daga baya, an buga wannan fassarar, tare da taƙaitaccen ɓangaren sassan da ba a fassara da gabatarwar da Grierson ya rubuta a ƙarƙashin taken The Lay of Alha: A Saga of Rajput Chivalry as Sung by Minstrels of Northern India (1923).
Mafi shaharar sigar Alha-Khand shine rubutun da Lalitaprasad Mishra ya rubuta, wanda aka haɗa bisa buƙatar Prayag Narayan, ɗan Munshi Nawal Kishore a Samvat 1956 (1900 CE). An rubuta aikin a cikin Alha mita. Tana da kantosai 23 iri ɗaya da The Lay of Alha, amma yana da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai.
Halaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Banaphar Ahir: Brothers Dasraj ('ya'yan Alha, mahaifin Indal, da Udan), Bachchharaj ('ya'yan Malkhan da Sulkhan), Todar, Rahmal.
- Chandelas : Sarki Parmal ya auri Malhna ('yar'uwar Parihar Mahil), 'ya'yan Brahmanand (ya auri Bela ('yar Prathviraj), Ranjit, 'yar Chandrabal.
- Jagnik: marubucin, ɗan' yar'uwar Parmal
- Jaichand : Sarkin Kannauj na ƙarshe
- Mir Talhan: Sayyad wanda ke tare da Banaphars, yana da 'ya'ya maza 9 da jikoki 18.
- Prithviraj Chauhan : mahaifin Bela
Abubuwan da ke ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jaruman wannan waka 'yan'uwa biyu ne, Alha da Udal (ko cikin jiki na Babra Bahan), janar-janar sojojin Parmal waɗanda suka yi yaƙin Mahoba tsakanin Prithviraj III da Parmal a c.1182. Ruwayar ta fara ne da farautar Alha da Udal. Sun yi fada da Karingarai (ko Kaligarai) suka kashe shi don daukar fansar kisan mahaifinsu Dassaraj (ko Dasraj) da kawunsu Baccharaj. Daga baya suka yi yaƙin Mahoba. A cewar Bhojpuri da Kannauji recensions, Alha ya auri Sonvati ( Sonva ), gimbiya Nainagarh ( Chunar ), yayin da a cewar wasu sauran ra'ayoyin Hindi na Yamma ya auri Macchil, 'yar Raghomach na Haridwar . Baya ga Alha da Udal, an kuma bayyana irin bajintar da sauran jarumai irin su Malkhan da Sulkhan ('ya'yan Baccharaj) da Brahamjit (dan Parmal) da Talhan Syed suka yi a wannan aiki. Wannan aikin yana ba da labarin yaƙe-yaƙe hamsin da biyu gabaɗaya.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da lasisin waƙar ya bayyana a cikin nau'ikan ballads na zamani, harin na Prithviraj Chauhan an tabbatar da shi kai tsaye ta rubuce-rubuce biyu na 1182CE a Madanpur kusa da Lalitpur a cikin haikalin Jain.
Alha wani lokaci ana kiransa Alhan. Alhan (अल्हण) sanannen suna ne a cikin karni na 12-13 a Arewacin Indiya.[7][8]
Asalin tarihin mai mulkin Chandela Parmal (Parmardi) da aka bayar a Mahoba Khand ko Alha Khand bai dace da zuriyar da aka bayar a rubuce-rubucen Chandela ba. A cikin Mahoba Khand, an ba uba, kakan da kakan Parmal kamar Kirtibramha, Madanbrahma, da Rahilbramha. Yayin da Madanavarman (1129-1163), Kirttivarman (1070-1098) da Rahila (ƙarni na 9) hakika kakannin Paramardi ne (1166-1202), yawancin sunaye da jerin ba su dace ba.
Alha Khand ya faɗi ƙarshen Chandellas bayan Parmal. Tarihi baya goyon bayan hakan. Chandelas sun yi rauni sosai bayan harin da Prithviraj ya kai, amma daular ta dade a kalla har zuwa 1308, watau wani karni.
Haikalin Jain a Chhatarpur yana da hoton Adinath da aka shigar a cikin Samvat 1208 (1151 AD). A cewar wani karatu na rubutun, ya ambaci Alha, Udal da dukan kungiyar. wasu malamai sun karanta rubutun daban.
A lokacin mulkin Chandella, Aharji ya kasance cibiyar Jain mai bunƙasa a Bundelkhand. Wuri ne na babban pratishta a cikin samvat 1237 (1180 CE), an sami hotuna da yawa masu ɗauke da wannan kwanan wata, gami da wani babban hoto wanda ya ambaci Paramardideva a matsayin sarki mai mulki. Ban da hoton samvat 1241 guda ɗaya, aikin ya ƙare a sakamakon shan kashi na Chandella a cikin samvat 1239.
A cikin shahararrun al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Sabse Bade Ladaiya, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da aka yi akan ballad da aka watsa akan DD National daga 2012. [9]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Waye Lorik
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Aalha Khand".
- ↑ name="r">"Alha Udal of U.P." rediff.com, Hindi edition. 24 August 2000.
- ↑ name="r">"Alha Udal of U.P." rediff.com, Hindi edition. 24 August 2000.
- ↑ name=r>"Alha Udal of U.P." rediff.com, Hindi edition. 24 August 2000.
- ↑ name="Mishra 2007 1–11 History of Mahoba">Mishra, Pt. Lalita Prasad (2007). Alhakhand (in Hindi) (15 ed.). Lucknow (India): Tejkumar Book Depot (Pvt) Ltd. pp. 1–11 (History of Mahoba).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Alha Udal of U.P." rediff.com, Hindi edition. 24 August 2000."Alha Udal of U.P." rediff.com, Hindi edition. 24 August 2000.
- ↑ name=r>"Alha Udal of U.P." rediff.com, Hindi edition. 24 August 2000.
- ↑ name="Mishra 2007 1–11 History of Mahoba">Mishra, Pt. Lalita Prasad (2007). Alhakhand (in Hindi) (15 ed.). Lucknow (India): Tejkumar Book Depot (Pvt) Ltd. pp. 1–11 (History of Mahoba).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Sabse Bade Ladaiya". nettv4u (in Turanci).