Ali Amhaouch
 Ali Amhaouch | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1844 |
| ƙasa | Moroko |
| Harshen uwa | Abzinanci |
| Mutuwa | 1918 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Abzinanci Larabci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | hafsa da Mai kare Haƙƙin kai |
Sidi Ali ibn al-Mekki Amhaouch (1844 – 1918) shugaban addinin Moroko ne wanda ya yi adawa da mamayar da Faransa ta yi wa Maroko. Amhaouch ya fito ne daga dogon layi na marabouts waɗanda suka kasance masu tasiri a cikin addini a Maroko daga shekarun 1715. Amhaouch ya goyi bayan 'yan tawaye biyu da gwamnatin Moroko, daga bisani kuma suka yi yaki da sojojin mamaya na Faransa. Ya shelanta jihadi na kariya ga Faransa a lokacin yakin Zaiyan amma ya mutu saboda dalilai na halitta a shekara ta 1918, shekaru uku kafin yakin ya kare da cin kashi na ƙabilar. Ɗansa, Sidi El Mekki Amhaouch, ya ci gaba da yaƙi da Faransawa har zuwa lokacin da ya sha kashi a shekara ta 1932. Zuriyar Amhaouch shugaban addini ne a Maroko ta zamani.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amhaouch ya kasance memba na Imhiwach, daular marabout da ta mamaye tsakiyar Maroko daga kusan shekarun 1715 zuwa 1932.[1] Imhawch sun shahara saboda "koyarwar Kur'ani da aka yi wahayi, ayyukan sihiri da annabce-annabce na kiyama".[2] Wani ɗan gida ɗaya ne ke da alhakin kama Sultan Mulay Slimane a watan Mayu 1819.[1]
An haifi Ali Amhaouch a shekara ta 1844 kuma ya zama sananne a matsayin mai addini, na ɗarikar Sufaye na Darqawa, wanda ya ba da umarnin girmamawa a duk faɗin ƙasar Maroko kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane kalilan da ke iya samar da zaman lafiya ga ƙabilun da ke faɗa. [3] [4] Ya yi nasa annabce-annabce kuma ya ɗauki dutsen Jbel Toujjit, tushen kogin Moulouya, wuri mai tsarki. [5] Amhaouch ya goyi bayan ƙabilar Ait Sukhman a kan 'yan adawar Zaian Confederation a yakin da ya ɗauki tsawon lokaci daga shekarun 1877 zuwa 1909. [6] Amhaouch ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan Si Mhand Laârbi, memba na daular Alaouite, a kan sojojin gwamnatin Morocco a cikin shekarar 1880s.[7] Mutanen Laârbi sun sami nasarar fatattakar rundunar da Moulay Srou, kawun Sultan Hassan I, ya umarta a yaƙi a shekara ta 1888. [7]
Mu'amala da Faransa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amhaouch ya haɗu da mai binciken Faransa René de Segonzac a cikin shekarar 1904-5 kuma ya ba shi takaddun da ke bayyana tsaunuka da ƙabilun Aghbala da kuma annabcin Tamazight. An rubuta annabcin a ƙarni na 12 na Musulunci (kimanin 1700s) ta babban kawun Amhaouch, Bou Beker, kuma an ce ya yi annabcin nasarar 1888 akan Sultan Hassan. [3] Daga baya Segonzac ya bayyana Amhaouch a matsayin mutum mai karfi kuma mai tasiri, ɗaya daga cikin "manyan jagororin ruhaniya na Maroko" kuma "mafi girman halayen addini na kudu maso gabas". Amhaouch ya goyi bayan wani bore da aka yi wa Sarkin Moroko a shekara ta 1908, inda ya jagoranci sojojin Melwiya don shiga boren da Moulay Lahssen el Sabaâ ya jagoranta a gabashin ƙasar har sai da aka tilasta masa komawa gida saboda shan kashin da Sabaâ ya yi a hannun sojojin Faransa a Menhaba da Boudenib.
Bayan da Faransa ta ayyana kare martabar ƙasar Maroko bayan rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniyar Fes a shekara ta 1912 sojojin Faransa sun fara mamaye yankin na Moroko. Bayan faɗuwar Khenifra a shekara ta 1914, ya haɗa gwiwa da tsohon abokin gaba, Mouha ou Hammou Zayani (shugaban kungiyar Zayyaan), da kuma shugaban ƙabilar Moha ou Said don kafa "Triniti Berber" mai karfi wanda ya fafata da Yakin Zaian da Faransawa. [8] Amhaouch ya ayyana jihad na kariya ga Faransawa a lokacin ɓarkewar yakin duniya na farko. Hakan dai ya taso ne daga kogin Dadès zuwa hamadar tsaunukan Anti-Atlas kuma wani bangare ne na wani shiri na amfani da janyewar sojojin Faransa daga Maroko domin kare Faransa. [9] Mutanen Amhaouch sun yi yaƙi da ginshiƙan Faransa waɗanda Colonels Noël Garnier-Duplessix da Henri Claudel suka umarta a ƙarshen shekarar 1914. Amhaouch da kansa ya mutu saboda dalilai na halitta a cikin shekarar 1918. Hammou da Said sun ci gaba da yakar Faransawa, kuma duk da cewa sun yi rashin nasara a yakin Zaian a shekarar 1921, ba a kammala sulhun da Maroko ba sai a shekarar 1934 - shekaru bayan rasuwarsu.
Babban ɗan Amhaouch, Sidi Lmekki Amhaouch, wanda aka ce ya gaji harsashin bindigar sihiri daga mahaifinsa, shi ma ya yi yaƙi da Faransawa. A watan Agusta/Satumba 1932 ya gudanar da fiye da wata guda tare da ƙabilu 1,000 kawai a kan ginshiƙan Faransa guda biyu. [6] Zuriyar Amhaouch, Sidi Mohand Amhaouch, shugaban addini ne a Maroko ta zamani.[10]
O jackal of Anergui, and you, companion of Mourik, carry yourselves to Tafza; contemplate the fire raging there!
— A prophecy of apocalypse attributed to Amhaouch.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Peyron, Michael. "Imhiwach". In Camps, Gabriel (ed.). Encyclopédie Berbère (in Faransanci). Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ↑ Peyron, Michael. "Michael Peyron's working papers : Part IV" (PDF). Retrieved 14 January 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Touderti, Ahmed (1998). "Une Prophétie Berbère en Tamazight". Études et Documents Berbères (in Faransanci). 15 (16): 101. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "touderti" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Comité d'Études Berbères de Rabat (1917). "Notes Sur Le Pays Zaian" (PDF). Les Archives Berbères (in Faransanci). 2 (3): 403. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
- ↑ Peyron, Michael. "Le rôle politico-social des imdyazn du Haut Atlas oriental" (in Faransanci). Retrieved 19 January 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Peyron, Michael. "S. Pouessel, Les identités amazighes au Maroc". Lecture (in Faransanci). Retrieved 14 January 2013. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "peyronlecture" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Bidwell, Robin Leonard (1973). Morocco Under Colonial Rule: French Administration Of Tribal Areas 1912–1956. Abingdon, UK: Frank Cass and Company. ISBN 0-7146-2877-8. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "bidwell" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Comité d'Études Berbères de Rabat (1917). "Notes Sur Le Pays Zaian" (PDF). Les Archives Berbères (in Faransanci). 2 (3): 284. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
- ↑ Farda, Hannah; Peyron, Michael. "Hannah Farda – Rebels with a cause: Berber resistance to French colonization". Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Peyron, Michael. "Tazizaout: une bataille oubliée" (PDF) (in Faransanci). Université Al-Akhawayn. Retrieved 14 January 2013.