Alison Des Forges
 Alison Des Forges | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | Alison B. Liebhafsky |
| Haihuwa |
Schenectady (en)  , 20 ga Augusta, 1942 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni |
Buffalo (en) Ruwanda |
| Harshen uwa | Turancin Amurka |
| Mutuwa |
Clarence Center (en) , 12 ga Faburairu, 2009 |
| Yanayin mutuwa |
accidental death (en) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Herman Alfred Liebhafsky |
| Ahali | no value |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Radcliffe College (en) Jami'ar Harvard Jami ar Yale 1972) Doctor of Philosophy (en) : study of history (en) |
| Matakin karatu |
Digiri master's degree (en) Doctor of Philosophy (en) |
| Harsuna |
Turanci Turancin Amurka |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Masanin tarihi da Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
Alison Des Forges (née Liebhafsky; 20 ga Agusta, 1942 - 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009) ta kasance masanin tarihin Amurka kuma Mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam wanda ya kware a yankin Great Lakes na Afirka, musamman Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda na 1994. A lokacin mutuwarta, ta kasance babban mai ba da shawara ga nahiyar Afirka a Human Rights Watch . Ta mutu a hadarin jirgin sama a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2009.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Alison Des Forges Alison B. Liebhafsky a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1942, ga Sybil Small da Herman A. Liebhafsky. A 1964, ta auri Roger Des Forges, masanin tarihi a Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Buffalo wanda ya kware a kasar Sin. Des Forges ta sami BA a tarihi a kwalejin Radcliffe a 1964, da MA da PhD a fanni iri daya daga Jami'ar Yale a 1966 da 1972. Karatun digirinta na biyu da digiri na uku duk sun yi bayani kan tasirin turawan mulkin mallaka a Ruwanda. [1] An buga rubutun ta Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896-1931 bayan mutuwarta a shekara ta 2011. [2] A yayin da yake bayyana siyasar kotun a zamanin mulkin Yuhi Musinga, ya nuna yadda rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban a kasar Ruwanda ya mayar da martani ga gwamnatocin ‘yan mulkin mallaka da ‘yan mishan da ‘yan kasuwa.
Ta ƙware a yankin Great Lakes na Afirka kuma ta yi nazarin kisan kare dangi na Rwanda . Ta kuma kasance mai iko kan take hakkin dan adam a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo da Burundi .
Des Forges ya bar makarantar ilimi a cikin 1994 don mayar da martani ga kisan kare dangi na Rwanda don yin aiki na cikakken lokaci akan 'yancin ɗan adam.
A shekara ta 1999, an ba ta suna MacArthur Fellow don nuna godiya ga aikinta a matsayin "shugaban kare hakkin dan adam". [3] Ta zama babban mai ba da shawara a Human Rights Watch na nahiyar Afirka.
Ta mutu a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009, a cikin hatsarin jirgin saman Continental Connection Flight 3407, a kan hanyarta daga Newark, New Jersey, zuwa gidanta a Buffalo, New York.
Shaidar kisan kare dangi na Rwanda
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi tunanin Des Forges shine Ba'amurke mafi masaniya game da kisan kare dangi yayin da yake faruwa. Baya ga karatunta, ta ziyarci Rwanda tun 1963. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1994, ta fara kiran abokin gwagwarmaya Monique Mujawamariya a Rwanda kowane rabin sa'a, kuma tana iya jin harbin bindiga yana gabatowa tare da kowane tattaunawa. Tana cikin waya tare da Mujawmariya, lokacin da Mujawsariya ta nemi gafara don sanya mai karɓa ƙasa, saboda ba ta son Des Forges ya ji ta mutu. Ta kuma nemi Des Forges ta kula da 'ya'yanta. Mujawmariya ta rayu, amma rahotonta na nufin cewa Des Forges na ɗaya daga cikin baƙi na farko da suka lura cewa ana gudanar da kisan kare dangi a Rwanda, kuma daga baya ya jagoranci ƙungiyar masu bincike don tabbatar da gaskiyar. Ta ba da shaida sau 11 a gaban Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa ta Rwanda, kuma ta ba da shaida game da kisan kare dangi na Rwanda ga bangarorin Majalisar Dokokin Faransa, Majalisar Dattijan Belgium, Majalisa ta Amurka, Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.[1]
Ita ce marubuciyar farko ta littafin 1999 Leave None to Tell the Story, wanda The Economist da The New York Times dukansu suka bayyana a matsayin cikakken labarin kisan kare dangi na Rwanda. A cikin littafin, ta yi jayayya cewa kisan kare dangi ya shirya ne daga gwamnatin Rwanda mai rinjaye Hutu a lokacin, maimakon ya zama fashewar rikice-rikicen kabilanci.
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani dan Afirka René Lemarchand ya ce, "Wannan labarin Ruwanda ya shahara a Amurka a yau yana da yawa ga ayyukan Philip Gourevitch da Alison Des Forges. "[4]
An ba da lambar yabo ta Alison Des Forges don gwagwarmaya ta musamman; har zuwa shekara ta 2009, an san shi da lambar yabo ga masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.[5][6] Human Rights Watch ce ta bayar da shi.[5]
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna Alison. Rashin Nasara shine Labari ne kawai: Rwanda a karkashin Musiinga, 1896-1931 (1972; 2011).
- An yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna Alison. Bari Babu Wanda ya gaya wa Labarin: Kisan kare dangi a Rwanda - Human Rights Watch da FIDH - 1999 - .ISBN 1-56432-171-1
- [Hotuna a shafi na 9] "Justice ko Therapy?". Boston Review.
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Bio a shafin yanar gizon Human Rights Watch Archived 2009-02-12 at the Wayback Machine An adana shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2009, a
- Godiya a shafin yanar gizon Human Rights Watch
- PBS Frontline: Tattaunawar Ghosts of Rwanda tare da Alison Des Forges
- Labarin mutuwarsa: Alison Des Forges, The Economist, Fabrairu 19, 2009
- Rashin Nasara shine Labari ne kawai
- Alison Des Forges (née Liebhafsky), Index to the Derscheid Collection Reels
- Kwamitin Tunawa da Alison L. Des Forges
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Alison Des Forges". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2009.
- ↑ Cantrell, Phillip A. (10 December 2012). "Defeat is the only bad news: Rwanda under Musinga, 1896–1931 [Book Review]". Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 46 (3): 456. doi:10.1080/00083968.2012.741292.
- ↑ "Alison L. Des Forges Human Rights Leader Class of 1999". MacArthur Foundation. July 1, 1999. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
Through informed analyses, Des Forges has focused attention on Rwanda and Burundi in particular, and central Africa in general, before, during, and after the 1994 Rwandan genocide, and has been instrumental in assisting the International Criminal Tribunal in its prosecution of those responsible. She visited the sites of massacres, exhumed bodies from mass graves, collected human bones strewn in the game parks of Rwanda, and interviewed victims of atrocities. Her book, Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda (1999), marks the culmination of years of intense work and research.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "HRW to Honour Six Human Rights Defenders". Inter Press Service. August 13, 2015.
- ↑ "Alison Des Forges Award for Extraordinary Activism". Human Rights Award Index. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2016.