Allurar Stratospheric aerosol
 Allurar Stratospheric aerosol | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Injiniyan ƙasa |
Stratospheric aerosol allura (SAI) hanya ce da aka tsara na aikin injiniyan hasken rana (ko gyara hasken rana) don rage dumamar yanayi. Wannan zai gabatar da aerosols a cikin stratosphere don haifar da sakamako mai sanyaya ta hanyar dimming duniya da ƙãra albedo, wanda ke faruwa a dabi'a daga lokacin sanyi mai aman wuta.[1] Ya bayyana cewa allurar aerosol na stratospheric, a matsakaicin matsakaici, na iya fuskantar mafi yawan canje-canje ga zafin jiki da hazo, yin tasiri cikin sauri, da ƙarancin aiwatarwa kai tsaye, kuma za a iya jujjuya shi cikin tasirin sa na yanayi kai tsaye.[2] Ƙungiyar Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ta ƙaddamar da cewa "ita ce hanyar da aka fi bincikar [solar geoengineering] wanda zai iya iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa ƙasa da 1.5 ° C (2.7 ° F)."
An nuna nau'o'in sulfur iri-iri don kwantar da duniyar bayan manyan duwatsu masu aman wuta. Sake shigar da tauraron dan adam yana gurɓata sararin samaniya. Koyaya, ya zuwa 2021, an sami ɗan bincike kaɗan kuma ba a fahimce iskar gas da ke cikin stratosphere ba. Don haka babu manyan kayan takara. Alumina, calcite da gishiri suma ana la'akari dasu. Babbar hanyar isar da saƙon jirgin sama ne na al'ada.[3]
Fage da tsarin aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aerosol shine dakatarwar tsayayyen barbashi ko ɗigon ruwa a cikin iska ko wani iskar gas. Ana iya samar da iska mai iska daga dalilai na halitta ko na mutum. Kalmar aerosol yawanci tana nufin cakuda barbashi da ke cikin iska, ba wai ga abin da ya ke da shi kadai ba. Misalai na iska na halitta sune hazo, hazo ko kura. Misalan abubuwan da ɗan adam ke haifar da iska sun haɗa da gurɓataccen iska, hazo daga magudanar ruwa a madatsun ruwa, hazo na ban ruwa, turare daga atomizers, hayaki, ƙura, fesa magungunan kashe qwari, da magungunan likitanci na cututtukan numfashi.
Yawancin nau'ikan aerosol na yanayi suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan yanayin duniya: volcanic, ƙurar hamada, gishirin teku, wanda ya samo asali daga tushen kwayoyin halitta da na ɗan adam. Volcanic aerosol yana samuwa a cikin stratosphere bayan fashewa a matsayin digo na sulfuric acid wanda zai iya yin tasiri har zuwa shekaru biyu, kuma yana nuna hasken rana, rage zafin jiki. Kurar hamada, ɓangarorin ma'adinai da aka hura zuwa tsayi masu tsayi, suna ɗaukar zafi kuma suna iya ɗaukar alhakin hana samuwar gajimare. Sulfate aerosols na ɗan adam, da farko daga kona mai da gawayi, yana shafar halayen girgije. Lokacin da iska mai iska ta sha gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, yana sauƙaƙe jibgar gurɓatattun abubuwa zuwa saman ƙasa da kuma jikunan ruwa. Wannan yana da yuwuwar yin illa ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam.[4]
Aerosols na halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tushen iskar iska sun haɗa da tekuna, dutsen mai aman wuta, hamada, da rayayyun halittu. Teku na samar da iska ta hanyoyi guda biyu. Na farko, lokacin da iska ke kadawa a kan raƙuman ruwa, takan haifar da feshin da aka yi da gishirin teku. Na biyu, ƙananan halittun teku-kamar plankton-suna sakin dimethyl sulfide da sauran iskar gas zuwa cikin iska wanda, bi da bi, suna amsawa da wasu abubuwa da ke cikin sararin samaniya, ciki har da tururin ruwa, don samar da iskar gas sulfate (sulfuric acid) aerosols. Dukansu gishirin teku da kuma sulfate aerosols suna taimakawa wajen samar da gajimare ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin “tsaba” na ɗigon ruwa, yana shafar samuwar girgije da ma’aunin makamashin duniya.
Fashewar aman wuta na saki toka da iskar gas zuwa cikin iska. Ko da yake fadowa daga sararin samaniya cikin sauri, sulfur dioxide na iya tashi zuwa cikin stratosphere, inda yake amsawa da tururin ruwa don samar da iskar sulfate aerosols na dogon lokaci a cikin sararin sama. Waɗannan suna nuna hasken rana kuma suna sanyaya duniya na ɗan lokaci. Bayan babban fashewa, waɗannan barbashi na iya zama a cikin iska har tsawon shekara ɗaya ko fiye.
Iskar iska tana sanyaya duniya. Lokacin da manyan tsaunuka masu aman wuta suka faru, suna iya haifar da sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci na kusan rabin digiri ko fiye, dangane da girman fashewar. Misali, fashewar dutsen Pinatubo a shekarar 1991 ya sa yanayin zafi ya ragu da kimanin digiri 0.5 a ma'aunin celcius har tsawon shekaru uku. Waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a canjin yanayi da suka gabata.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Crutzen PJ (2006). "Albedo Enhancement by Stratospheric Sulfur Injections: A Contribution to Resolve a Policy Dilemma?". Climatic Change. 77 (3–4): 211–220. Bibcode:2006ClCh...77..211C. doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9101-y
- ↑ Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. 23 June 2015. doi:10.17226/18988. ISBN 9780309314824. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2015
- ↑ Pierce JR, Weisenstein DK, Heckendorn P, Peter T, Keith DW (2010). "Efficient formation of stratospheric aerosol for climate engineering by emission of condensible vapor from aircraft". Geophysical Research Letters. 37 (18): n/a. Bibcode:2010GeoRL..3718805P. doi:10.1029/2010GL043975. S2CID 15934540
- ↑ Atmospheric Aerosols: What Are They, and Why Are They So Important?". NASA Langley Research Center. 22 April 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- ↑ Lawrence, Andrew; Sovacool, Benjamin; Stirling, Andrew (2016). "Authorial statement of article withdrawal" (PDF). Climate Policy. 16 (5): ri–rii. Bibcode:2016CliPo..16.....L. doi:10.1080/14693062.2016.1260249. S2CID 157939679.