Alojzija Štebi

Alojzija Štebi
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Ljubljana, 24 ga Maris, 1883
ƙasa	Austria–Hungary (en) Kraljevina Jugoslavija (mul) Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija (mul)
Mutuwa	Ljubljana, 9 ga Augusta, 1956
Karatu
Harsuna	Slovene (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa, Malami, dan jarida mai ra'ayin kansa da suffragette (en)
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Yugoslav Social-Democratic Party (en)

Alojzija Štebi (24 Maris 1883 - 9 Agusta 1956) 'yar Slovenian ce mai fafutukar mata, malama kuma 'yar siyasa. Da farko aikinta a matsayin malama, Štebi ta shiga cikin 'Yancin mata kuma ta shiga siyasa da aikin jarida. Da yake magance rashin daidaito na jama'a, siyasa da zamantakewa kuma ta yi amfani da rubuce-rubucenta da matsayi na siyasa don inganta daidaito na al'umma. Ko da yake tana goyon bayan Yugoslavia mai haɗin kai, tana da hankali game da rasa haƙƙin da jihohi daban-daban ke da shi idan sun shiga. Ta kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Masarautar Serbs, Croats da Slovenes don haɗa mata a cikin sabuwar jihar da aka kafa don ba da shawara don daidaita albashi, auren farar hula, kariya ga yara da kuma cibiyar tsaro ta zamantakewa ga ma'aikata.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Alojzija Štebi a ranar 24 ga Maris 1883 a Ljubljana, wanda a lokacin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Austria-Hungary ga Marija (née Kunstel) da Anton Štebi . An san ta da suna "Lojzka". Štebi ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare na 'yan mata kafin ta shiga horo na malami a shekara ta 1899. Ta kammala karatu a 1903 daga Makarantar al'ada ta Ljubljana .

Ayyuka

Bayan kammala karatunta, nan da nan Štebi ta tafi aiki a Tainach, Carinthia a matsayin mataimakiyar malami. A shekara mai zuwa, ta fara aiki a matsayin malama ta cikakken lokaci a Tržič kuma a cikin 1911 ta fara rubutu game da batutuwan mata. A shekara ta 1912, tana rubutu ga jaridar gurguzu, Zarja (Dawn). A lokaci guda, ta fara gyara jaridar 'yan Slovenia na kungiyar kwadago ta Austrian, Tobačni delavec (Ma'aikacin taba). A shekara ta 1913, an zabi Štebi a Majalisar Lardin Carniolan wanda ke wakiltar Jam'iyyar Yugoslav Social-Democratic kuma ya fara magana a tarurruka a yankin. Ayyukanta na hagu da akidar ta haifar da rikici tare da hukumomin makaranta, wanda ya haifar da murabus dinta a shekara ta 1914. Ta ci gaba da rubuce-rubuce da gyare-gyare, ciki har da zama edita a 1915 don jaridar mata ta gurguzu, Ženski list (Jaridar Mata); babban edita na jaridar yau da kullun ta gurgujuyar dimokuradiyya, Naprej (Forward) a 1917; kuma babban edita ta jaridar Demokracija (Democracy) a 1918.

In 1917, Štebi, who supported establishing a Yugoslavian state, joined with other social democrat women to found the Slovene Social Society (), hoping to protect the rights of women and children in the proposed new state. She feared that adopting a Serbian-style civil code would diminish civil rights of Slovenian women and pressed for changes that would protect women throughout the diverse cultures in a united Yugoslavian state. In 1918, she published an important paper, Demokratizem in ženstvo (Democracy and womanhood), outlining a program to improve women’s educational opportunities, grant women's suffrage and protect civil rights. While believing that women should have equal access to civil, social and political rights, Štebi felt that women and men had different skills. She expressed that if women used their maternal instincts, they could be effective in creating social change by strengthening societal morality, creating a less fractious society. That same year, she began working for the national government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a superintendent in the Department for Youth Welfare in Ljubljana. It would be the first of several government positions Štebi held, concerned with social welfare and policy, before she was pushed out of government in 1927 due to her politics.

Štebi ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa ta Masarautar Serbs, Croats da Slovenes tsakanin 1919 da 1923, amma ta bar kungiyar saboda rashin tasiri. A wannan shekarar, ta kafa Kungiyar Mata ta Masarautar Serbs, Croats da Slovene, wacce aka sake masa suna a 1926 zuwa Kungiyar Mata " Alliance of Yugoslavia (Slovene). Štebi ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar, wanda ke da niyyar samar da daidaito na farar hula, siyasa da zamantakewa ga mata, har zuwa 1927. Kungiyar ta bazu a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma ta zama hanyar haɗa al'adunsu daban-daban zuwa wani dalili. Ta ga kwaminisanci a matsayin hanyar sake tsara halayen al'umma ga mata, kuma ta karanta ko'ina, gami da ayyukan Agusta Bebel, Friedrich Engels, Ellen Key, Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Marx, da Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. A wannan lokacin, ta shiga cikin kungiyoyin mata da tarurruka da yawa na kasa da kasa, kamar su 1923 Roma Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA); 1925 Little Entente of Women (LEW) taron da aka gudanar a Belgrade; 1925 Taron Majalisar Mata ta Duniya (ICW) a Washington, DC; 1926 Taron Mata na Prague; 1929 Berlin Congress of the IWSA; 1934 Paris Council of the ICW; da 1936 Dubrovnik Council of the IPW.

Da yake ƙaura zuwa Belgrade, a cikin 1927, Štebi ta fara gyara mujallar AZPJ, Ženski pokret (Motsi na Mata), wanda za ta gyara har zuwa 1938. An buga mujallar a cikin Slovene, Croatian da Serbian. Ta wallafa littattafai guda biyu waɗanda aka fassara zuwa Faransanci don bayyana yunkurin mata na Yugoslav ga masu sauraro na duniya - Le travail des féministes Yugoslaves (1931) da L"activité des sociétés feminines en Yugosloavie (1936). Štebi ya fara aiki a 1933 a matsayin mataimakin sakatare a Ma'aikatar Manufofin Jama'a da Lafiya ta Kasa. A wannan rawar, ta zama mai ba da shawara ga eugenics, bisa ga tsarin Norwegian, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan bukatar zamantakewa don tsara iyali, maimakon kan manufofin jihar na yin niyya ga marasa so. Štebi ya kuma matsa wa matakan samar da daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a cikin gida, na mutum da na siyasa. Baya ga zaɓen, ta ba da shawarar yin aure na jama'a, daidaito na kula da yara, da kuma amincewa da 'Ya'yan banza. Ta yi imani da dokokin daidaito na dukiya, wanda ya ba da gado daidai, amma kuma ya ga cewa za'a iya amfani da sake bayyana haƙƙin mallaka don sake bayyana matsayi na zamantakewa da siyasa. A fagen tattalin arziki, Štebi ya ba da shawarar cewa a kimanta aikin gida a matsayin ma'aikacin da aka biya, cewa a biya ma'aikatan farar hula albashi daidai kuma ya kamata a tsawaita inshora don rufe haɗari, mutuwa, rashin lafiya, raunin da tsufa ga maza da mata. Ta kuma ba da shawarar cewa a ba mata damar shiga cikin mukaman Sufetocin Aiki don aiwatar da sarrafawa don amfanin jin dadin jama'a da kiwon lafiya. Štebi ya yi kira game da aikin yara da cin zarafin ma'aikata.

A shekara ta 1940, Štebi ta koma Ljubljana kuma saboda rashin lafiya ta koma tare da ɗan'uwanta, Anton Štebi (sl) da matarsa Cirila Pleško Štebi , mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Gidan ya shiga cikin 'Yan adawa na Slovenia a shekara ta 1941 a matsayin masu haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya haifar da kisan dan uwanta da Nazis suka yi da kuma korar surukarta da mutuwar a Auschwitz a shekara mai zuwa. Lokacin da yaƙin ya ƙare, Štebi ya koma aikin gwamnati don sabuwar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Slovenia. Ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Inganta albarkatun Dan Adam, ta zama shugabar sashen a shekarar 1947. A shekara mai zuwa, an inganta ta zuwa shugaban Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Ma'aikata. Bayan shekaru biyu, Štebi ta sauya daga Ma'aikatar Ayyuka zuwa Ma'aikatu ta Ilimi kuma ta yi aiki a takaice a Ma'aunin Makarantu na Kwarewa kafin ta yi ritaya a 1950. Daga 1950 har zuwa 1956, ta ɗauki ayyukan kwangila daga Ma'aikatar Ilimi.

Mutuwa da gado

Štebi ya mutu a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 1956, a Ljubljana . A lokacin mutuwarta, gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta kalli gudummawar Štebi da rashin amincewa.