Amelia Bloomer
 Amelia Bloomer | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Homer (en)  , 27 Mayu 1818 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni |
Amelia Bloomer House (en) |
| Mutuwa |
Council Bluffs (en) , 30 Disamba 1894 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifiya | Lucy Jenks |
| Abokiyar zama |
Dexter C. Bloomer (mul) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Mai kare hakkin mata, ɗan jarida, marubuci da suffragist (en) |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
The Lily (en) |
| Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
Amelia Jenks Bloomer (27 ga Mayu, 1818 - 30 ga Disamba, 1894) ta kasance edita ce ta jaridar Amurka, mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin mata da kamewa. Ko da yake ba ta kirkiro salon gyaran tufafin mata da aka sani da bloomers ba, sunanta ya zama mai alaƙa da shi saboda farkonta da karfi. A cikin aikinta tare da The Lily, ta zama mace ta farko da ta mallaki, aiki da kuma gyara jarida ga mata.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Amelia Jenks a shekara ta 1818 a Homer, New York, ga Ananias Jenks da Lucy (Webb) Jenks . Tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙanƙanta a cikin babban iyalinta, tana da aƙalla 'yan'uwa mata 4 da' yan'uwa maza 2. Ta fito ne daga dangin talakawa kuma ta sami 'yan shekaru ne kawai na ilimi a makarantar gundumar yankin.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin malamin makaranta tana da shekara 17, ta yanke shawarar komawa, kuma ta koma tare da sabuwar 'yar'uwarta Elvira, a lokacin tana zaune a Waterloo. A cikin shekara guda ta koma gidan Oren Chamberlain a Seneca Falls don yin aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara uku mafi ƙanƙanta.[1]
A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1840, lokacin da take da shekaru 22, ta auri ɗalibin lauya Dexter Bloomer wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta rubuta wa jaridar New York, Seneca Falls County Courier . Bloomer ta goyi bayan gwagwarmayarta; har ma ya daina shan giya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Temperance Movement . [1]
Ta yi shekaru da farko a Cortland County, New York . Bloomer da iyalinta sun koma Iowa a shekara ta 1852.
Yunkurin zamantakewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1848, Bloomer ta halarci Yarjejeniyar Seneca Falls, taron farko na haƙƙin mata, kodayake ba ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar Sentiments da ƙuduri na gaba ba, saboda zurfin alaƙar da take da ita da Ikilisiyar Episcopal. Wannan taron zai zama wahayi don fara jaridarta.
A shekara mai zuwa, ta fara shirya jaridar farko ta mata, The Lily . An buga shi mako biyu daga 1849 har zuwa 1853, jaridar ta fara ne a matsayin mujallar ta'aziyya, amma ta sami babban cakuda abubuwan da ke cikin girke-girke zuwa warƙoƙi masu ɗabi'a, musamman lokacin da ke ƙarƙashin tasirin masu sufragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton da Susan B. Anthony. Bloomer ta ji cewa saboda an dauki malamai mata ba su da kyau, rubuce-rubuce ita ce hanya mafi kyau ga mata suyi aiki don sake fasalin. Da farko, The Lily ya kasance don "rarraba gida" tsakanin membobin Seneca Falls Ladies Temperance Society, wanda aka kafa a 1848, kuma a ƙarshe yana da yaduwar sama da 4,000. Takardar ta gamu da matsaloli da yawa a farkon, kuma sha'awar Society ta mutu. Bloomer ya ji jajircewa don bugawa kuma ya ɗauki cikakken alhakin gyarawa da buga takarda. Asalin, shafin taken yana da labari "An buga shi ta kwamitin mata. " Amma bayan 1850 - sunan Bloomer ne kawai ya bayyana a kan masthead.[2] Wannan jaridar ta kasance abin koyi ga jaridu na baya-bayan nan da suka mayar da hankali kan 'yancin mata.
Bloomer ta bayyana kwarewarta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta mallaki, aiki da kuma gyara motar labarai ga mata:
It was a needed instrument to spread abroad the truth of a new gospel to woman, and I could not withhold my hand to stay the work I had begun. I saw not the end from the beginning and dreamed where to my propositions to society would lead me.
A cikin littafinta, Bloomer ta inganta canji a cikin ka'idodin tufafi ga mata wanda ba zai zama mai hanawa a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun ba.
The costume of women should be suited to her wants and necessities. It should conduce at once to her health, comfort, and usefulness; and, while it should not fail also to conduce to her personal adornment, it should make that end of secondary importance.
A shekara ta 1851, mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na New England Elizabeth Smith Miller (wanda aka fi sani da Libby Miller) ta karɓi abin da ta ɗauka a matsayin kayan ado mai ma'ana: wando mai laushi da aka taru a idon kafa, kamar wando na mata da aka sa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya ta Tsakiya, wanda aka rufe shi da gajeren rigar ko skirt da rigar.[3] Miller ta nuna sabon tufafinta ga Stanton, dan uwanta, wanda ya ga yana da ma'ana kuma ya zama, kuma ya karbe shi nan da nan. A cikin wannan tufafi Stanton ta ziyarci Bloomer, wanda ya fara sa kayan ado kuma ya inganta shi da sha'awa a cikin mujallarta. An karɓi labarai game da yanayin tufafi a cikin The New York Tribune . Mata da yawa sun sa kayan ado wanda aka kira shi The Bloomer Costume ko "Bloomers". Koyaya, an yi wa Bloomers ba'a a cikin manema labarai da kuma cin zarafi a kan titi. Bloomer kanta ta koma ga tufafi masu tsawo a shekara ta 1859, tana mai lura da cewa dalilanta sun kasance sau da yawa: bayan ta koma Iowa, ta ji sha'awar shiga cikin sabuwar duniyarta ta zamantakewa da kuma yin abokai, wanda ta ji ya fi sauƙi a cikin tufafi masu kyau. Ta kuma lura cewa sabon abin da aka kirkira, crinoline, ya kawar da nauyin da ta yi tsayayya da shi, kuma ta ji akwai wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci a gare ta don mayar da hankali ga ƙarfinta.[4]
Har ila yau, a cikin 1851, Bloomer ya gabatar da masu sufragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton da Susan B. Anthony ga juna.[5][6]
A shekara ta 1854, lokacin da Bloomer da mijinta suka yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Council Bluffs, Iowa, Bloomer ta sayar da The Lily ga Mary Birdsall a Richmond, Indiana. Birdsall da Dokta Mary F. Thomas sun ci gaba da buga littafin aƙalla ta hanyar 1859.
Bloomer ta kasance majagaba da marubuciya a duk rayuwarta, tana rubutu ga nau'ikan jaridu masu yawa. Kodayake Bloomer ba ta da mashahuri fiye da wasu 'yan mata, ta ba da gudummawa da yawa ga ƙungiyar mata - musamman game da sake fasalin tufafi. Bloomer ya kuma jagoranci kamfen din zabe a Nebraska da Iowa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Iowa Woman Suffrage Association daga 1871 har zuwa 1873. [2]
Mutuwa da binnewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ta mutu a shekara ta 1894, tana da shekaru 76, kuma an binne ta a Kabari na Fairview, Majalisar Bluffs, Iowa . [7][8]
Bikin tunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana tunawa da ita tare da Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth, da Harriet Ross Tubman a cikin kalandar tsarkaka na Ikilisiyar Episcopal a ranar 20 ga Yuli. A shekara ta 1975 an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Iowa . [9] A cikin 1980 gidanta a Seneca Falls, New York, wanda aka fi sani da Amelia Bloomer House, an jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places . A shekara ta 1995 an shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa. [10][11] A cikin 1999 an bayyana wani mutum-mutumi na Ted Aub don tunawa lokacin da a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1851, Bloomer ya gabatar da Susan B. Anthony ga Elizabeth Cady Stanton.[12][5] Wannan siffar, da ake kira "Lokacin da Anthony ya sadu da Stanton", ta ƙunshi mata uku da aka nuna a matsayin siffofin tagulla masu girman gaske, kuma an sanya su suna kallon Tafkin Van Cleef a Seneca Falls, New York, inda gabatarwa ta faru.[5][12]
Daga 2002 har zuwa 2020, Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amirka ta samar da jerin Amelia Bloomer na shekara-shekara na littattafan da aka buga kwanan nan tare da mahimman abubuwan mata ga matasa masu karatu. Koyaya, a cikin 2020 an canza sunan jerin zuwa Rise: A Feminist Book Project for Ages 0-18, an bayyana kamar haka: "Aikin yana inganta ingantaccen wallafe-wallafen mata ga matasa masu karatu tun 2002 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Mata da Social Responsibilities Round Table [duka na Ƙungiyar Laburaren Amirka]. [A cikin 2020,] an sanar da kwamitin cewa, kodayake Amelia Bloomer tana da dandamali a matsayin mai bugawa, ta ki yin magana game da Dokar Fugitive Slave na 1850 (Simmons).[lower-alpha 1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Gidan Amelia Bloomer
- Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata
- Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata
- Canjin tufafi na Victorian
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Weber, Sandra S., "Special History Sturdy", Women's Rights National Historic Park, Seneca Falls, New York, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, September 1985". Archived from the original on 2014-02-05. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Falls, Mailing Address: 136 Fall Street Seneca; Us, NY 13148 Phone:568-0024 Contact. "Amelia Bloomer - Women's Rights National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov.
- ↑ "Elizabeth Smith Miller". New York History Net. Retrieved 2020-05-23.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Aub Discusses Commemorative Sculpture - Hobart and William Smith Colleges". .hws.edu. 2013-07-17. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ↑ "Susan Campbell: We Lost This Time, But Women Push Back - Hartford Courant". Courant.com. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ↑ "Amelia Bloomer | American social reformer". Britannica.com. 1945-10-24. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ↑ City Clerk. "Cemeteries | Council Bluffs, IA - Official Website". Councilbluffs-ia.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ↑ "1975 Iowa Women's Hall of Fame Honoree: Amelia Jenks Bloomer (1818-1894)". Archived from the original on 2020-07-25. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ↑ "Congressional Record | Congress.gov | Library of Congress". Congress.gov. 1995-09-15. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ↑ "Bloomer, Amelia - National Women's Hall of Fame". Womenofthehall.org. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The Freethought Trail". The Freethought Trail. Retrieved 2017-10-28.
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Bloomer, Dexter C. Rayuwa da Rubuce-rubucen Amelia Bloomer. Boston: Arena Pub. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] An sake buga shi a 1975 ta Schocken Books, New York. Ya haɗa da nassoshi na littattafai.
- Coon, Anne C. Ji Ni da haƙuri: Maganganun Gyara na Amelia Jenks Bloomer, Vol. 138. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1994.
- Smith, Stephanie, Household Words: Bloomers, sucker, bombshell, scab, cyber (2006) - kayan aiki game da canza amfani da kalmomi.
- The Lily: Jaridar Mata, wacce aka sadaukar da ita ga Temperance da Littattafai. 1849.
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tarihin Spartacus
- Tarihi / Gundumar Pottawattamie, Iowa
- Norwood, Arlisha "Amelia Bloomer". Gidan Tarihin Mata na Kasa. 2017.
- Labarin bidiyo na BBC game da Amelia Jenks Bloomer, 4 ga Yuli 2019