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Amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da lafiyar hankali

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"Tsoron rasa" na iya haifar da damuwa ta tunani game da ra'ayin rasa abubuwan da wasu suka sanya yayin da suke waje.
Amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da lafiyar hankali
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Fuskar digital media (en) Fassara da Lafiyar kwakwalwa

Masu bincike a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, ilimin ɗan adam, da magani sun yi nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da lafiyar hankali tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990, biyo bayan hauhawar intanet da fasahar sadarwa ta hannu.[1] An yi bincike da yawa wanda ya bincika alamu na amfani da yawa ko matsala, wani lokacin ana bayyana su a matsayin "dogaro da dijital," wanda zai iya bambanta a tsakanin al'adu da al'ummomi.[2] A lokaci guda, wasu binciken sun nuna fa'idodi masu yuwuwa na amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital, gami da tallafawa lafiyar kwakwalwa ko sauƙaƙe samun dama ga al'ummomin tallafin kan layi.[3] Gabaɗaya, tasirin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital akan lafiyar kwakwalwa yana da rikitarwa kuma ya bambanta dangane da mutum, al'adu, da takamaiman abubuwan dandamali.

Bambanci tsakanin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da yawa ba a riga an kafa shi a sarari ba.[4] Ƙananan ka'idojin bincike da aka yarda da su a ko'ina sun wanzu don amfani da matsala ko cututtuka, kodayake wasu masana sun ba da shawarar cewa yawan amfani na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa.[5] An ba da shawarar don amfani da kafofin watsa labarai mafi aminci ga yara da iyalai, amma rigakafi da dabarun magani ba a daidaita su ba.[3] Bincike kuma ya nuna muhawara mai gudana game da rarraba halayen kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da kuma dacewa da kalmomi kamar "jaraba".[3]

Amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital, gami da lokacin da aka kashe a dandamali na kafofin sada zumunta kamar Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, da Facebook, an haɗa su da sakamako mai kyau da mara kyau akan ci gaban fahimta, zamantakewa da motsin rai na yara da matasa.[1] Shaida ta nuna cewa dangantakar da ke tsakanin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da sakamakon lafiyar kwakwalwa tana da rikitarwa kuma tana iya bambanta dangane da mutum, nau'in dandalin da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma alamu na shiga.[2]

Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2017 da He, Turel, da Bechara suka bayar ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan amfani da kafofin sada zumunta yana da alaƙa da rage girman launin toka a yankunan kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa tilasta hankali da kulawar motsi, yana ba da shawarar yiwuwar canje-canje na tsarin da suka shafi wuce gona da iri na dogon lokaci.[6]

Tarihi da Ma'anar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An yi nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin fasahar dijital da lafiyar kwakwalwa daga ra'ayoyi da yawa.[7][8][9] Bincike ya gano fa'idodin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital don yara da ci gaban matasa. [10][11] Koyaya, masu bincike, likitoci, da jama'a sun kuma nuna damuwa game da halayen tilastawa da ke da alaƙa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital, yayin da karuwar shaidu ke nuna alaƙa tsakanin amfani da fasaha da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa.[10][11]

Kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don komawa ga halayen amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital ba a daidaita su ba ko kuma an san su a duniya. Sun haɗa da "jarabawar dijital", "dogaro da dijital", "amfani da matsala", ko "amfani mai yawa", sau da yawa ana bayyana shi ta hanyar dandalin watsa labarai na dijital da aka yi amfani da shi ko a ƙarƙashin binciken (kamar Amfani da wayar salula mai matsala ko Amfani da intanet mai matsala). Amfani da na'urorin fasaha ba tare da iyakancewa ba na iya shafar ci gaba, zamantakewa, tunani da lafiyar jiki kuma yana iya haifar da alamun da suka yi kama da sauran cututtukan dogaro da hankali, ko Jarabawar halayyar.[12][11] Mai da hankali kan amfani da fasaha mai matsala a cikin bincike, musamman dangane da tsarin jarabawar halayyar, yana karuwa, duk da rashin daidaituwa da bincike mai rikitarwa.[13]

An gabatar da jarabawar Intanet a matsayin ganewar asali tun daga 1998 kuma an bincika kafofin sada zumunta da alaƙarsu da jaraba tun daga 2009. [14] Wani rahoto na 2018 na Kungiyar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaba (OECD) ya bayyana cewa akwai fa'idodi na tsarin da iyakanceccen amfani da intanet a cikin yara da matasa don dalilai na ci gaba da ilimi, amma wannan amfani da yawa na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar hankali. Rahoton ya kuma lura da karuwar kashi 40% a cikin amfani da intanet tsakanin yara masu zuwa makaranta tsakanin 2010 da 2015, tare da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin yawan amfani da abubuwan da aka fi so a dandamali a duk ƙasashe daban-daban na OECD.[7] Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halitta ta Amirka ta ba da shawarar cewa matasa su sami horo ko horo a kan amfani da kafofin sada zumunta don taimaka musu su haɓaka ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar ilimin halayyar mutum, inganta daidaitattun, amintacce, da kuma ma'ana a kan layi.[15]

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ba ta rarraba amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital a matsayin rukunin bincike ba amma ta gano matsalar caca ta intanet a matsayin yanayin da ke ba da tabbacin ƙarin bincike a cikin 2013. [7] A halin yanzu, rikicewar caca - wanda aka fi sani da jarabawar wasan bidiyo - an gane shi a cikin ICD-11. Shawarwari daban-daban tsakanin DSM da ICD a wani bangare suna nuna rashin yarjejeniyar kwararru, bambance-bambance a cikin mayar da hankali ga kowane tsarin rarrabuwa, da ƙalubale wajen amfani da samfuran dabbobi ga jarabawar halayyar.[12]

Amfani da kalmar jaraba dangane da yawan amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital an yi tambaya, dangane da dacewa da bayyana sabbin nau'ikan ilimin halayyar mutum, sabanin yawan amfani da wasu cututtukan halayyar.[16][17] An kuma soki amfani da kalmar don zana daidaituwa tare da halayyar amfani da abu. Amfani da kalmar ba tare da kulawa ba na iya haifar da ƙarin matsaloli - duka rage haɗarin lahani a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar, da kuma wuce gona da iri haɗarin wuce gona da zuwa, amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital.[17] Juyin halitta na ƙamus da ke da alaƙa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da yawa don amfani da matsala maimakon jaraba an ƙarfafa shi daga Panova da Carbonell, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Ramon Llull, a cikin bita na 2018.[18]

Saboda rashin ganewa da yarjejeniya game da ra'ayoyin da aka yi amfani da su, ganewar asali da jiyya suna da wuyar daidaitawa ko haɓaka. Ƙarin damuwa na jama'a game da sabbin kafofin watsa labarai (ciki har da kafofin sada zumunta, wayoyin salula da wasannin bidiyo) yana ƙara rikicewa ga fassarar ƙididdigar yawan jama'a, da kuma haifar da matsalolin gudanarwa.[16] Radesky da Christakis, editocin 2019 na JAMA Paediatrics, sun buga wani bita wanda ya bincika "damuwa game da kiwon lafiya da ci gaba / halayyar haɗarin amfani da kafofin watsa labarai da yawa don fahimtar yara, harshe, karatu da rubutu, da ci gaban zamantakewar motsin rai. " Saboda shirye-shiryen fasahar da yawa ga yara a duk duniya, matsalar tana da hanyoyi biyu, kamar yadda cire na'urorin dijital na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri, a fannoni kamar ilmantarwa, dangantakar iyali, da ci gaba gaba gaba ɗaya. [19][20]

Amfani mai matsala

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An lura da alaƙa tsakanin yawan amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da alamun lafiyar kwakwalwa, gami da damuwa, baƙin ciki, da matsalolin kulawa, amma ba a kafa haddasawa ba.[21] Amfani mai matsala kuma an haɗa shi da tsoron rasa (FoMO), inda masu amfani ke fuskantar damuwa ko damuwa game da yiwuwar rasa abubuwan kan layi, wanda zai iya taimakawa ga jin dadin warewar jama'a.[21] Matasa masu amfani na iya zama masu saukin kamuwa da kwatankwacin zamantakewa, wanda zai iya kara damuwa ko alamun baƙin ciki.[22] Kodayake wasu bincike na kimiyyar kwakwalwa sun binciki bambance-bambance na kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital, a halin yanzu babu wata hanyar da aka kafa ta halitta da ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa wasu mutane ke haɓaka tsarin amfani da matsala.[23]

Lokaci na allo da lafiyar hankali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasu nau'ikan amfani da intanet masu matsala an danganta su da matsalolin kwakwalwa da halayyar mutum kamar baƙin ciki, damuwa, ƙiyayya, tashin hankali, da rikicewar Rashin kulawa (ADHD). Koyaya, binciken bai kafa kyakkyawar alaƙa ba - alal misali, ba a san ko mutanen da ke fama da baƙin ciki suna amfani da intanet da yawa saboda yanayinsu, ko kuma idan yawan amfani da intanat yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa baƙin ciki.[7] Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa tasirin kafofin sada zumunta na iya zama mai kyau da mara kyau, dangane da yanayin mutum. Duk da yake ana amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da alamun bakin ciki, ana iya amfani da shi a wasu lokuta don inganta yanayi.[10] Wani babban binciken da aka yi ya gano kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin alamun ADHD da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na dijital.[11]

  1. ↑ Statistics Canada (2023). "Online digital media use and adolescent mental health". Health Reports. Government of Canada. 34 (2): 17–28. doi:10.25318/82-003-X202300200002-ENG. PMID 36791270 Check |pmid= value (help).
  2. ↑ Marciano, Laura; Ostroumova, Michelle; Schulz, Peter Johannes; Camerini, Anne-Linda (2022-02-01). "Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Frontiers in Public Health. 9. Bibcode:2022FrPH....993868M. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868. ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 8848548 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35186872 Check |pmid= value (help).
  3. 1 2 3 Karim, Fazida; Oyewande, Azeezat A.; Abdalla, Lamis F.; Ehsanullah, Reem Chaudhry; Khan, Safeera (June 15, 2020). "Social Media Use and Its Connection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review" (PDF). Cureus. 12 (6). doi:10.7759/cureus.8627. PMC 7364393. PMID 32685296.
  4. ↑ Statistics Canada (2023). "Online digital media use and adolescent mental health". Health Reports. Government of Canada. 34 (2): 17–28. doi:10.25318/82-003-X202300200002-ENG. PMID 36791270 Check |pmid= value (help).
  5. ↑ Marciano, Laura; Ostroumova, Michelle; Schulz, Peter Johannes; Camerini, Anne-Linda (2022-02-01). "Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Frontiers in Public Health. 9. Bibcode:2022FrPH....993868M. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868. ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 8848548 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35186872 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. ↑ Statistics Canada (2023). "Online digital media use and adolescent mental health". Health Reports. Government of Canada. 34 (2): 17–28. doi:10.25318/82-003-X202300200002-ENG. PMID 36791270 Check |pmid= value (help).
  7. 1 2 3 4 Huang, Chiungjung (2022). "A meta-analysis of the problematic social media use and mental health". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 68 (1): 12–33. doi:10.1177/0020764020978434. ISSN 0020-7640. PMID 33295241.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Dickson_2018".
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Surgeon General 2023".
  10. 1 2 3 Stiglic N, Viner RM (January 2019). "Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews". BMJ Open. 9 (1). Bibcode:2019BMCO....923191S. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191. PMC 6326346. PMID 30606703.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Montag C, Becker B, Gan C (2018). "The Multipurpose Application WeChat: A Review on Recent Research". Frontiers in Psychology (in Turanci). 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02247. PMC 6297283. PMID 30618894.
  12. 1 2 Grant JE, Chamberlain SR (August 2016). "Expanding the definition of addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11". CNS Spectrums. 21 (4): 300–303. doi:10.1017/S1092852916000183. PMC 5328289. PMID 27151528.
  13. ↑ Ellis, David A. (1 August 2019). "Are smartphones really that bad? Improving the psychological measurement of technology-related behaviors". Computers in Human Behavior. 97: 60–66. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.006. ISSN 0747-5632. S2CID 150864248. Archived from the original on 9 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  14. ↑ La Barbera D, La Paglia F, Valsavoia R (2009). "Social network and addiction". Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 144: 33–36. PMID 19592725.
  15. ↑ "Health advisory on social media use in adolescence". www.apa.org. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
  16. 1 2 Ryding FC, Kaye LK (2018). ""Internet Addiction": a Conceptual Minefield". International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 16 (1): 225–232. doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9811-6. PMC 5814538. PMID 29491771.
  17. 1 2 "How does the time children spend using digital technology impact their mental well-being, social relationships and physical activity? – An evidence-focused literature review" (PDF). UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti. UNICEF Office of Research. 1 February 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  18. ↑ Panova T, Carbonell X (June 2018). "Is smartphone addiction really an addiction?". Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 7 (2): 252–259. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.49. PMC 6174603. PMID 29895183.
  19. ↑ Radesky JS, Christakis DA (October 2016). "Increased Screen Time: Implications for Early Childhood Development and Behavior". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 63 (5): 827–839. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.06.006. PMID 27565361.
  20. ↑ Hsin, Chong-Ting (2014). "The Influence of Young Children's Use of Technology on Their Learning: A Review". Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 17 (4): 85–99. JSTOR jeductechsoci.17.4.85.

     • Gordo López AJ, Contreras PP, Cassidy P (1 August 2015). "The [not so] new digital family: disciplinary functions of representations of children and technology". Feminism & Psychology. 25 (3): 326–346. doi:10.1177/0959353514562805. S2CID 146174524.

     • Subrahmanyam K, Kraut RE, Greenfield PM, Gross EF (22 September 2000). "The impact of home computer use on children's activities and development". The Future of Children. 10 (2): 123–144. doi:10.2307/1602692. JSTOR 1602692. PMID 11255703. S2CID 12421727.
  21. 1 2 Statistics Canada (2023). "Online digital media use and adolescent mental health". Health Reports. Government of Canada. 34 (2): 17–28. doi:10.25318/82-003-X202300200002-ENG. PMID 36791270 Check |pmid= value (help).
  22. ↑ Statistics Canada (2023). "Online digital media use and adolescent mental health". Health Reports. Government of Canada. 34 (2): 17–28. doi:10.25318/82-003-X202300200002-ENG. PMID 36791270 Check |pmid= value (help).
  23. ↑ Marciano, Laura; Ostroumova, Michelle; Schulz, Peter Johannes; Camerini, Anne-Linda (2022-02-01). "Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Frontiers in Public Health. 9. Bibcode:2022FrPH....993868M. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.793868. ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 8848548 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35186872 Check |pmid= value (help).
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