Angelica Kauffman
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| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Chur (en) |
| ƙasa |
Switzerland Three Leagues (en) |
| Mutuwa | Roma, 5 Nuwamba, 1807 |
| Makwanci |
Sant'Andrea delle Fratte (en) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Joseph Johann Kauffmann |
| Mahaifiya | Cleophea Lutz |
| Abokiyar zama |
Frederick de Horn (en) Antonio Zucchi (mul) |
| Ƴan uwa |
view
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| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Jamusanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
painter (en) |
| Wurin aiki | Roma, Venezia da Landan |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Portrait of Lady Clan Henderson (en) Portrait of David Garrick (en) Portrait of Winckelmann (en) |
| Mamba |
Royal Academy of Arts (en) |
| Fafutuka |
Neoclassicism (en) |
| Artistic movement |
portrait painting (en) history painting (en) Neoclassicism (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Katolika |
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Maria Anna Angelika Kauffmann RA / / ˈkaʊfmən / KOWF -mən ; KOWF Oktoba 1741 - 5 Nuwamba 1807), wanda aka fi sani da Ingilishi da Angelica Kauffman, [lower-alpha 1] mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Switzerland wadda ta yi aiki mai kyau a London da Rome. An fi tunawa da Kauffman a matsayin mai zane-zanen tarihi, ƙwararren mai zane ne a fannin zane-zane, shimfidar wuri da kuma ado . Ta kasance, tare da Mary Moser, ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu masu zane-zane daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Royal Academy of Art a London a 1768. [1] [1]
Rayuwa ta farko
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An haifi Kauffman a Chur da ke Graubünden, Switzerland. [1] Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Morbegno a shekarar 1742, sannan suka koma Como a Lombardy a shekarar 1752 a wancan lokacin a ƙarƙashin mulkin Austria. A shekarar 1757, ta raka mahaifinta zuwa Schwarzenberg a Vorarlberg / Austria, inda mahaifinta ke aiki ga bishop na yankin. [1] Mahaifinta, Joseph Johann Kauffmann (1707–1782), talaka ne amma ƙwararren mai zane-zanen zane na Austria kuma mai zane, wanda sau da yawa yana tafiya don aikinsa. Ya horar da Angelica kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyarsa, tana yawo a Switzerland, Austria, da Italiya. Angelica, yarinya mai hazaka, ta koyi harsuna huɗu cikin sauri daga mahaifiyarta, Cleophea Lutz (1717–1757): Jamusanci, Italiyanci, Faransanci da Ingilishi. [1]
Ita ma mawaƙiya ce mai hazaka kuma ta nuna hazaka a matsayinta na mawaƙiya. An tilasta wa Angelica ta zaɓi tsakanin opera da fasaha. Nan da nan ta zaɓi fasaha domin firist na Katolika ya gaya mata cewa opera wuri ne mai haɗari cike da "mutane masu mugunta". [1] A lokacin da take shekara ta goma sha biyu, ta riga ta zama sananne a matsayin mai zane, tare da bishop da manyan mutane suna zaune a madadinta.
A shekara ta 1757, mahaifiyarta ta mutu kuma mahaifinta ya yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Milan. [1] Daga baya ya ziyarci Italiya na dogon lokaci. [1] [ tushen da ba shi da tabbas? ] Kauffman da iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Florence a watan Yunin 1762, inda matashiyar mai zane ta fara gano salon zanen da aka ƙirƙira shi da zanen Neoclassical. A watan Oktoba, 1762, ta zama memba na zaɓaɓɓiyar Accademia delle Arti del Disegno kuma memba na girmamawa na Accademia Clementina di Bologna . [1] Ta ƙaura zuwa Rome a watan Janairun 1763, an gabatar da Kauffman ga al'ummar Birtaniya. Yayin da take koyon ƙarin Turanci da kuma ci gaba da zane-zanenta, 'yan watanni bayan haka iyalin suka sake ƙaura zuwa Naples. A can, Kauffman ta yi nazarin ayyukan Old Masters, kuma aka aika mata da zanenta na farko zuwa wani baje kolin jama'a a London. [2] Daga baya a shekarar 1763, ta ziyarci Rome, ta sake dawowa a shekarar 1764. Daga Rome, ta wuce zuwa Bologna da Venice, ko'ina an ɗauke ta saboda baiwarta da fara'arta. Winckelmann yana rubutu daga Rome a watan Agustan 1764 ga abokinsa Franke, yana nufin shahararta; sannan tana zana hotonsa, rabin tsayi; wanda ta kuma yi zane-zane . Ta yi magana da Italiyanci da Jamusanci, in ji shi, kuma ta bayyana kanta da ƙarfin gwiwa a Faransanci da Ingilishi - ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon nasarar da aka ambata a ƙarshe shine ta zama shahararriyar mai zane-zane ga baƙi 'yan Birtaniya da ke zuwa Rome. "Za a iya yi mata ado mai kyau," in ji shi, "kuma a cikin waƙa tana iya yin gasa da mafi kyawun ƙwararrunmu." [1] A watan Mayu na 1765, an zaɓe ta zuwa Kwalejin San Luca, inda ta gabatar da Alkalami na Hope a matsayin littafin liyafar ta. [1] A wannan watan ne aikinta ya bayyana a Ingila a wani baje kolin Ƙungiyar Masu Fasaha ta 'Yanci . [1] Ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila jim kaɗan bayan haka, kuma ta kafa kanta a matsayin babbar mai fasaha. [1]
Shekaru a Burtaniya
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A lokacin da take Venice, Lady Wentworth, matar jakadan Birtaniya, ta shawo kan Kauffman ta raka ta zuwa Landan. Ba da daɗewa ba ta sauka a gidan wani likitan tiyata na gida, ciki har da Anne Home . Aikinta na farko da aka nuna a Landan shine hoton David Garrick, wanda aka nuna shekara kafin isowarta a watan Yuni, 1766. [3] Matsayin Lady Wentworth ya buɗe mata al'umma, kuma an karɓe ta da kyau, tare da dangin sarauta musamman suna nuna mata babban alheri. Duk da haka, babban abokinta shine Sir Joshua Reynolds . A cikin aljihunsa, sunanta a matsayin "Miss Angelica" ko "Miss Angel" ya bayyana akai-akai; kuma a cikin 1766 ya zana ta, yabo wanda ta mayar ta hanyar Hoton Sir Joshua Reynolds . [4] Wani misali na kusancinta da Reynolds shine an same shi a cikin nau'in Guercino 's Et a cikin Arcadia ego, batun da Reynolds ya maimaita shekaru kaɗan bayan haka a cikin hotonsa na Mrs Bouverie da Mrs Crewe . [5]
A shekara ta 1767, wani mai zamba mai suna Count Frederick de Horn ya yaudari Kauffman, amma suka rabu a shekara mai zuwa. [5] [ <span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2024)">tushen da ba shi da tabbas?</span> ] [6] Wataƙila saboda kyawawan mukamai na Reynolds ne ya sa ta kasance cikin waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan takardar neman kafa Royal Academy . A cikin kundin farko na 1769, ta bayyana da "RA" bayan sunanta (wani girmamawa da ta raba da wata mace, Mary Moser ); kuma ta ba da gudummawar Hira da Hector da Andromache, da wasu waƙoƙi uku na gargajiya. [5] Ta yi watanni da yawa a Ireland a 1771, a matsayin baƙo ga Lord Lieutenant na Ireland, Viscount Townshend, kuma ta gudanar da wasu kwamitocin daukar hoto a can. Hotunan ta na Irish sun haɗa da na Philip Tisdall, Babban Lauyan Ireland, da matarsa Mary, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ita, da kuma na Henry Loftus, Earl na 1 na Ely da iyalansa, gami da 'yar'uwarsa Dorothea Monroe, kyawun Irish da ta fi so a lokacinta. [7] Da alama daga cikin abokanta akwai Jean-Paul Marat, wanda a lokacin yake zaune a Landan kuma yana aikin likitanci, wanda wataƙila ta yi lalata da shi. [8] [lower-alpha 1]

An soki abotarta da Reynolds a shekarar 1775 daga wani kwararre a fannin ilimi Nathaniel Hone, wanda ya jawo ce-ce-ku-ce a shekarar 1775 da hotonsa mai ban dariya mai suna The Conjurer . [lower-alpha 2] An ga hoton yana kai hari ga salon zane-zanen Renaissance na Italiya da kuma yin ba'a ga Sir Joshua Reynolds, wanda hakan ya sa Kwalejin Sarauta ta ƙi zanen. Hakanan ya haɗa da zane-zanen Kauffman tsirara a kusurwar hagu ta sama, wanda ya zana bayan ta kai ƙara ga makarantar. Haɗuwar ƙaramar yarinya da dattijo kuma an ɗauke ta a matsayin alama ta kusancin Kauffman da Reynolds, bambancin shekaru, da kuma jita-jita. [3] [10]
Daga 1769 zuwa 1782, Kauffman ya kasance mai baje kolin shekara-shekara tare da Royal Academy, yana aika hotuna har zuwa bakwai, galibi akan batutuwa na gargajiya ko na misali. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi shahara shine Leonardo yana mutuwa a cikin Arms of Francis the First (1778). [5] [ <span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2024)">tushen da ba shi da tabbas?</span> ] [lower-alpha 3]

A shekara ta 1773, Kwalejin ta naɗa ta tare da wasu don yin ado da Cathedral na St Paul, wani shiri da ba a taɓa yi ba, kuma daga baya, tare da Biagio Rebecca, ta zana rufin ɗakin Majalisar Kwalejin a Somerset House . [5] Aikin da ta ƙirƙira a nan tsakanin 1778 da 1780 wataƙila shine mafi girma kuma mafi shahara: jerin zane-zane, mai taken Abubuwan Fasaha, suna nuna Ƙirƙira, Zane, Tsarin Halitta, da Launi . Zane-zanen Kauffman na misali suna wakiltar ƙa'idodin ka'idar fasaha ta ilimi. Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti, wanda aka sani da Joseph a Ingila, ya yi bikin jerin zane-zanen a matsayin "an aiwatar da su da duk wannan alheri, kyau da daidaito wanda ya bambanta mafi kyawun ayyukan wannan mace ta musamman." [13] Zauren Majalisar, membobin makarantar, da kuma zane- zanen Tsarin da Tsarin Kauffman za a iya gani a cikin zanen Henry Singleton, The Royal Academicians in General Assembly (1795).
Zane-zanen tarihi
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Yayin da Kauffman ke shirya hotuna da hotunan kai, ta bayyana kanta a matsayin mai zane-zanen tarihi, wani nau'in zane mai ban mamaki da aka yi wa mace mai zane a ƙarni na 18. An ɗauki zanen tarihi a matsayin mafi shahara da riba a fannin zane-zanen ilimi a wannan lokacin, kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sir Joshua Reynolds, Royal Academy ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don tallata shi ga masu sauraro na asali waɗanda suka fi sha'awar yin aiki da siyan hotuna da shimfidar wurare. Duk da shaharar Kauffman a cikin al'ummar Burtaniya da kuma nasarar da ta samu a can a matsayin mai zane, ta ji takaicin rashin kulawar da 'yan Birtaniya suka nuna wa zanen tarihi. Daga ƙarshe, ta bar Burtaniya zuwa Rome, inda aka fi samun ci gaba a fannin zane-zanen tarihi, ana girmama ta sosai kuma ana girmama ta. [14]
Zane-zanen tarihi, kamar yadda aka bayyana a ka'idar fasaha ta ilimi, an sanya su a matsayin rukuni mafi girma. Maudu'insa shine wakiltar ayyukan ɗan adam bisa ga jigogi daga tarihi, tatsuniyoyi, adabi, da nassosi. Wannan yana buƙatar zurfafa koyo a cikin adabin Littafi Mai Tsarki da na Gargajiya, ilimin ka'idar fasaha da horo na aiki wanda ya haɗa da nazarin ilimin halittar jiki daga namiji tsirara. Yawancin mata an hana su samun irin wannan horon, musamman damar zana daga samfuran tsirara; duk da haka Kauffman ta sami damar ketare iyakar jinsi. Ta yi nazarin ayyukan masu fasaha ciki har da Titian, Raphael, Correggio, Domenichino, da Guido Reni, kuma ta koyi zana hoton halittar namiji ta hanyar kwafi zane-zane, sassaka da simintin filasta. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin zane-zanen Kauffman, kamar zanenta mai taken Zane da hoton Nathaniel Dance . Ana ganin siffofin maza a cikin zane-zanenta a matsayin mata fiye da yadda yawancin masu zane za su zaɓa su nuna, wanda ƙila ya zama sakamakon rashin horo na hukuma a fannin ilimin halittar namiji.
Shekarun da suka gabata a Roma
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In 1781, after her first husband's death (she had long been separated from him), she married Antonio Zucchi (1726–1795), a Venetian artist then resident in England.[5] [<span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2024)">unreliable source?</span>] Shortly afterwards, she retired to Rome, where she befriended, among others, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; yet, always restive, she wanted to do more and lived for another 25 years with much of her old prestige intact.[5]
A shekara ta 1782, mahaifin Kauffman ya mutu, haka ma mijinta a shekara ta 1795. A shekara ta 1794, ta zana, Self-Portrait Shaketing Between Painting and Music, inda ta jaddada wahalhalun da ta fuskanta wajen zabar zane a matsayin aikinta na musamman, a matsayin sadaukarwa ga mutuwar mahaifiyarta. [15] Ta ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa a lokaci-lokaci ga Royal Academy da ke Landan, nunin ta na ƙarshe ya kasance a shekara ta 1797. Bayan haka, ba ta yi wani abu ba, kuma a shekara ta 1807 ta mutu a Rome, an girmama ta da jana'iza mai kyau a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Canova . Duk Kwalejin St Luke, tare da limamai da yawa da kuma kyawawan halaye, sun bi ta zuwa kabarinta a Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, kuma, kamar yadda aka yi a jana'izar Raphael, an ɗauki hotunanta biyu mafi kyau a cikin jerin gwano. [5]
Gado
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By the time of her death she had made herself what she considered to be a renowned artist. This explains why her funeral was directed by the well-known Neoclassical sculptor Antonio Canova. Canova designed her funeral based on the funeral of the Renaissance master Raphael.[16]
Zuwa shekarar 1911, har yanzu ana ganin ɗakunan da aka ƙawata da ayyukanta a wurare daban-daban. A Hampton Court an ga hoton Duchess na Brunswick; a cikin National Portrait Gallery, hoton kanta (NPG 430). [5] [17]
There were other pictures by her in Paris, at Dresden, in the Hermitage at St Petersburg, in the Alte Pinakothek at Munich, in Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn (Estonia)[5] [<span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2024)">unreliable source?</span>][18] and in the Joanneum Alte Galerie at Graz. The Munich example was another portrait of herself, and there was a third in the Uffizi at Florence. A few of her works in private collections were exhibited among the Old Masters at Burlington House.[5]
Kauffman is well known for the numerous engravings from her designs by Schiavonetti, Francesco Bartolozzi and others. Those by Bartolozzi especially found considerable favour with collectors. Charles Willson Peale (1741–1827), artist, patriot, and founder of a major American art dynasty, named several of his children after notable European artists, including a daughter, Angelica Kauffman Peale.[5] [<span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2024)">unreliable source?</span>]
An buga tarihin rayuwar Kauffman a shekarar 1810 ta hannun Giovanni Gherardo De Rossi . [5] [ <span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (February 2024)">tushe mara tabbas?</span> ] [19] Littafin ya kasance tushen wani labari na soyayya na Léon de Wailly (1838), kuma shi ya sa littafin da Anne Isabella Thackeray ta rubuta ya ba da gudummawa ga Mujallar Cornhill a 1875 mai suna Miss Angel . [5]
Marubuciyar littafin Ingila Miranda Miller ta buga wani littafi na shekarar 2020 mai suna Angelica, Paintress of Minds, wanda ke ikirarin cewa tarihin rayuwar mutum ne da aka rubuta a lokacin kwanakin ƙarshe na Kauffman a Roma. [20] Ƙungiyar Tarihin Novel Society ta ce game da littafin: "An gabatar da Kauffmann a matsayin mai aiki tuƙuru, mai aminci, mai kirki, wani lokacin mai sauƙin fahimta amma ya fi ƙarfin hali fiye da yadda take tsammani."
Daga Satumba 2018 zuwa Agusta 2019, Royal Academy ta dauki nauyin wani baje kolin Sarah Pickstone, An Allegory of Painting, wanda ya girmama ayyukan Kauffman da Kwalejin ta ba da umarni. Littafin Pickstone The Rainbow ya sake fassara Kauffman's Colour, tare da Belvedere martani ga Kauffman's Design . [21]
Gidan Tarihi na Angelika Kauffmann
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An kafa Gidan Tarihi na Angelika Kauffmann da ke Schwarzenberg, Vorarlberg ( Austria ) a shekarar 2007. Wannan wurin yana cikin yankin da mahaifinta ya kira gida. Nunin da ake yi kowace shekara yana mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban da jigogi na aikinta na fasaha. [22] A cikin baje kolin 2019 Angelika Kauffmann - Taskokin da Ba a San Su ba daga Vorarlberg Private Collections, an nuna yawancin zane-zanenta ga jama'a a karon farko, domin babban kaso na ayyukanta mallakar masu tattarawa ne. [23] Gidan tarihin yana cikin abin da ake kira "Kleberhaus", wani tsohon gidan gona (1556) a cikin salon gine-gine na yankin. [22]
Hotunan hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zane-zanen tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Penelope at Her Loom (1764), oil on canvas, Brighton Pavilion
- Vortigern and Rowena (1770), Saltram House
- Penelope Waken by Eurykleia (1772), oil on canvas, dimensions unknown, vorarlberg museum, Bregenz
- Ariadne Abandoned by Theseus (1774), oil on canvas, 63.8 x 90.9 cm., Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
- Zeuxis Selecting Models for His Painting of Helen of Troy (c. 1778), oil on canvas, dimensions unknown, Annmary Brown Memorial Library, Brown University, Rhode Island
- The Judgment of Paris (c. 1781), oil on canvas, 80 x 100.9 cm., Museo de Arte de Ponce, Puerto Rico
- Ariadne left by Theseus (before 1782), oil on canvas, 88 x 70.5 cm., Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden
- Pliny the Younger and His Mother at Miseno (1785), oil on canvas, 103 x 127.5 cm., Princeton University Art Museum, New Jersey
- Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Pointing to her Children as Her Treasures (1785), oil on canvas, 101.6 x 127 cm., Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
- Circe Enticing Ulysses (1786), oil on canvas, dimension and collection unknown
- Virgil reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia (1788), oil on canvas, 123 x 159 cm, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg
- Valentine Rescues Silvia from The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1789), oil on canvas, 61 3/4 in. x 87 in. (156.8 cm x 221 cm), Davis Museum at Wellesley College, Massachusetts [24]
- Erato, the Muse of Lyric Poetry with a Putto or Sappho Inspired by Love (date unknown), oil on canvas, 111.8 x: 94 cm., private collection
- Venus Induces Helen to Fall in Love with Paris (1790), oil on canvas, 102 x 127.5 cm., Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg
- Agrippina Mourns the Urn of Germanicus (1793), oil on canvas, Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf
- Holy Family with an angel, before 1807, Museum of John Paul II Collection
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Hoton Winckelmann (1764), mai a kan zane
- Lady Georgiana Spencer, Henrietta Spencer da George Viscount Althorp ( c. 1766 ), mai a kan zane, 113.6 x 144.8 cm., tarin sirri
- Sir Joshua Reynolds (1767), mai a kan zane, 127 x 101.5 cm., Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Ƙasa, Gidan Saltram
- Hoton Mace a Matsayin Budurwa Mai Zaman Kanta (shekaru 1770), mai a kan zane, 60 x 41 cm., Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
- Iyalan Earl na Gower (1772), mai a kan zane, 150.4 x 208.2 cm., Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Mata a Fannin Fasaha, Washington, DC
- Hoton Eleanor, Countess of Lauderdale (kimanin 1780), mai a kan zane, 76.2 x 63.5 mm., Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha Mai Kyau, Houston
- Hoton Sarah Harrop (Mrs. Bates) a matsayin Gidan Tarihi (1780–81), mai a kan zane, 142 x 121 cm., Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Princeton, New Jersey
- Antonio Zucchi [Mijin Kauffman] (1781), mai a kan zane, 76 x 63 cm., tarin sirri
- Hoton Ferdinand na Huɗu na Naples, da Iyalinsa (1783), mai a kan zane, 310 x 426 cm., Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
- Yarima Henry Lubomirski As Amor (1786), mai a kan zane, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa na Borys Voznytsky Lviv, Ukraine
- Baroness na Krüdener da Ɗanta Paul (1787), mai a kan zane, girman da ba a san shi ba, Gidan Tarihi na Louvre-Lens
- Goethe [yana da shekaru 38] (1787), mai a kan zane, 64 x 52 cm., Goethe-National Museum, Weimar
- Ellis Cornelia Knight (1793), mai a kan zane, 96 x 80 cm., Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Manchester
- Anna von Escher van Muralt (c. 1800), mai akan zane, 110 x 86 cm., Museo del Prado, Madrid
- Hoton Ludwig, Yarima Mai Jiran Gado na Bavaria (1807), mai a kan zane, 224.6 x 146.8 cm., Neue Pinakothek, Munich
Nau'o'i daban-daban
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Mai Zane na Macaroni, wanda ake kyautata zaton barkwanci ne na Kauffman. London: An buga shi don Carington Bowles, 13 Afrilu 1772.
- Daga Jaridar Turai da kuma Jaridar London Review
- Hoton kai kamar Imitatio (1771), fensir
- Wurin da aka fara gabatar da shi a shekarar 1802 a Weimar na Iphigenia na Goethe a Tauris, inda Goethe da kansa yake a matsayin Orestes a tsakiya.
- The Painter Angelika Kauffmann (1808), na Johann Peter Kauffmann, marmara, 66,9 x 35,2 x 35 cm., Neue Pinakothek, Munich
- Hoton Emma Hamilton (1791), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan, New York
- Zane don Fanka (1775), Cibiyar Fasaha ta Yale don Fasaha ta Burtaniya
Nunin Nunin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Retrospektive Angelika Kauffmann (270 ayyuka, c. 450 rashin lafiya.), Düsseldorf, Kunstmuseum (15 Nuwamba 1998 - 24 Janairu 1999); München, Haus der Kunst (5 Fabrairu - 18 Afrilu 1999); Chur, Bündner Kunstmuseum (8 Mayu - 11 Yuli 1999).
- Angelica Kauffman: Taskokin da ba a San su ba daga Tarin Kaya na Vorarlberg, nunin faifai a Gidan Tarihi na Vorarlberg (15 ga Yuni - 6 ga Oktoba, 2019) da Gidan Tarihi na Angelika Kauffmann, Schwarzenberg, Austria (16 ga Yuni - 3 ga Nuwamba, 2019).
- Angelica Kauffman, Royal Academy, London, 1 Maris - 30 Yuni 2024
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayanan kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Conner attributes the allegation to Jacques Pierre Brissot, who reported it as hearsay in his Mémoires, 1754–1793 (1912), but does not find the evidence for it compelling.[9]
- ↑ The original sketch was discovered in Brazil in September 1966 and bought by Tate Britain the following year.[10] The finished painting's whereabouts were unknown until it appeared at auction in 1944. It was acquired in 1967 and is now in the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin.[11][10]
- ↑ King Francis I had become a close friend of Leonardo da Vinci during the artist's last years, and Vasari records that the King held Leonardo's head in his arms as he died. Aside from Kauffman, this story was portrayed in romantic paintings by Ingres, Ménageot and other French artists, though some historians consider it legend rather than fact.[12]
Ambato
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Townsend 2008.
- ↑ Johns 2011.
- 1 2 Rosenthal 2006.
- ↑ "Angelica Kauffman, Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1767".
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Dobson 1911.
- ↑ Roworth 2013.
- ↑ Loftus 2014.
- ↑ Conner 2012.
- ↑ Conner 2012, pp. 3, 13.
- 1 2 3 4 Postle 2001.
- ↑ National Gallery of Ireland n.d.
- ↑ White 2000, pp. 261–262.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBaumgärtel-2024 - ↑ Roworth 1997.
- ↑ AKRP: Biography.
- ↑ "Angelica Kauffman – Artist Profile". NMWA. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ↑ NPG 430.
- ↑ Art Museum of Estonia 2013.
- ↑ Roworth 2004.
- ↑ Miller 2020.
- ↑ "Sarah Pickstone: An Allegory of Painting | Royal Academy of Arts". www.royalacademy.org.uk (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-02-07.
- 1 2 "Angelika Kauffmann Museum – Tourismus Schwarzenberg". www.schwarzenberg.at (in Turanci). 28 August 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ↑ "The Angelika Kauffmann Museum in Schwarzenberg". Bregenzerwald in Vorarlberg (in Turanci). Retrieved 10 September 2019.
- ↑ "VALENTINE, PROTEUS, SYLVIA AND GIULIA IN THE FOREST (SCENE FROM "TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA" ACT V, SCENE IV)". Davis Museum at Wellesley College.
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[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Portraits of Angelica Kauffman at the National Portrait Gallery, London
Media related to Angelica Kauffmann at Wikimedia Commons- Works by or about Angelica Kauffmann at Wikisource
- Information Angelika Kauffmann in Schwarzenberg ((in German), also contains information and articles both in English and Italian)
- Vorarlberg Landesmuseum in Bregenz
- Index to the edition of her correspondence on the publisher's site
- Angelica Kauffman Research Project
- 80 artworks by or after Angelica Kauffman at the Art UK site
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