Anna Anachoutlou
 Anna Anachoutlou | |||
|---|---|---|---|
1341 - 1342 ← Irene Palaiologina of Trebizond (en)  - John III of Trebizond (en) → | |||
| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa |
Trabzon (mul) , 13 century | ||
| ƙasa |
Empire of Trebizond (en) Daular Rumawa | ||
| Mutuwa |
Trabzon (mul) , 3 Satumba 1342 | ||
| Yanayin mutuwa |
(strangling (en) ) | ||
| Ƴan uwa | |||
| Mahaifi | Alexios II of Trebizond | ||
| Mahaifiya | Jiajak Jaqeli | ||
| Ahali |
Basil na Trebizond da Andronikos III of Trebizond (en) | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
Christian nun (en) da ɗan siyasa | ||
Anna Anachoutlou[lower-alpha 1] (Girkanci; ya mutu 3 Satumban shekarar 1342) ya mallaki Daular Trebizond daga 1341 zuwa 1342. Ita ce 'yar fari ta sarki Trapezuntine Alexios II Megas Komnenos (r. 1297-1330) kuma ta shiga gidan ibada a matsayin nun a lokacin mulkin mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta, ɗan'uwan Anna Andronikos III (r. 1330-1332), dan uwanta Manuel II (r. 1332) da ɗayan ɗan'uwanta Basil (r. 13.32-1340) sun yi mulki cikin sauri. Bayan mutuwar Basil, gwauruwarsa Irene Palaiologina, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da daular Grand Komnenos mai mulki na Trebizond, ya kwace iko a matsayin sarauniya mai mulki. A watan Yuni / Yuli na shekara ta 1341, Anna ta tsere daga gidan ibada kuma nan da nan ta fara tara goyon baya don yaƙi da Irene. Duk da kasancewa mace har zuwa kwanan nan nun, kuma akwai wasu mazajen da za su iya zama magajin daularta, Anna ta jawo hankalin goyon baya mai yawa daga lardunan daular, daga kabilun tsiraru kamar mutanen Laz da Zan, da kuma daga sojojin Georgia, ko dai mercenaries ko sojojin da Sarki George V na Georgia ya aiko.
A ranar 17 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1341, Anna ta kama Trebizond ba tare da yaƙi ba, Irene ta yi murabus 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata, kuma an naɗa ta sarauniya. Yawancin abubuwa iri ɗaya na Trapezuntine masu daraja waɗanda suka yi tsayayya da Irene suma sun yi tsayayyar da Anna kuma a maimakon haka sun fi son magajin namiji, babban dan takarar da zai yiwu shine kawun Anna Michael. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1341, Michael ya isa Trebizond da niyyar auren Irene, amma bayan ya same ta da aka cire ta ya yi niyyar da'awar kursiyin kansa. Kodayake ya sami karɓar maraba da farko, an ci abokansa kuma an kama shi kuma an ɗaure shi da safe. Bayan da ta kayar da abokin hamayyarta mafi bayyane, Anna ta ci gaba da mulki sama da shekara guda. Kodayake nasarar soja, kayar da rundunar Aq Qoyunlu a cikin 1342, manufofin cikin gida da tattalin arziki na Anna sun jawo wasu adawa daga magoya bayanta. Wasu daga cikin mutanen Trapezuntine ne suka kori Anna a ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon watan Satumba na shekara ta 1342 kuma an maƙure ta har ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Satumba. Kashegari, ɗan Michael John III ya kama Trebizond tare da goyon bayan wasu manyan mutane.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Anna Anachoutlou, an haife ta a ƙarshen karni na 13, [1] ita ce 'yar fari ta Alexios II Megas Komnenos, wanda ya mallaki Daular Trebizond daga 1297 zuwa 1330. Tana da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu; Andronikos III (sarki 1330-1332), Basil (sarki-1332-1340), Michael da George, da ƙaramar'uwa, Eudokia . Andronikos III ya kashe Michael da George a cikin 1330 a lokacin da ya hau gadon sarauta.[2] Tun da farko a rayuwarta, Anna ta zama nun kuma mafi yawan rayuwarta ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɓoye a cikin gidan ibada.[3] A matsayinta na nun, Anna na iya kasancewa mai kula da wani karamin gidan ibada da aka keɓe ga Saint Euthymius the Great, mai yiwuwa a Urushalima. Wannan na iya kasancewa wannan gidan ibada inda ta kasance nun.[1][4] Kodayake akwai alaƙa ta addini tsakanin Trebizond da Urushalima a wannan lokacin, haɗin Anna da wannan gidan ibada yana tallafawa ne kawai ta hanyar takarda guda ɗaya na sahihanci. [4][5]
Ba a san ma'anar sunan mahaifiyar Anna na biyu ba, Anachoutlou, amma ya bayyana cewa asalin Turkiyya ne. Wataƙila sunan ya samo asali ne daga mahaifiyarta ta Georgian, Jiajak Jaqeli, saboda irin waɗannan alamu na suna sun fara bayyana a Georgia a farkon karni na 13, [2] wanda ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Daular Mongol ta rinjayi.[4][lower-alpha 2] A madadin haka, yana yiwuwa Anachoutlou sunan laƙabi ne kuma haɗuwa da sunan Anna da kalmar Turkiyya kutlu, a wannan yanayin zai nufin 'Anna mai albarka'.[7] 'Yan uwan Anna mafi ƙanƙanta suna da irin wannan sunan mahaifiyar Turkiyya: ana kiran Michael Azachoutlou kuma ana kiran George Achpougas.[2] Sunan Azachoutlou, wani lokacin ana amfani da shi ga Anna, a bayyane yake a wasu lokuta ana amfani da ita ga kakanta na Georgian, Beka I Jaqeli . [1]
Bayanan Kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 Vougiouklaki 2003.
- 1 2 3 Jackson Williams 2007.
- ↑ Finlay 1851.
- 1 2 3 Karpov 2007.
- ↑ Dennis 2000.
- ↑ Jackson Williams 2007, p. 176.
- ↑ Kennedy 2019.