Anna Harrison

Anna Harrison
Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka 4 ga Maris, 1841 - 4 ga Afirilu, 1841 ← Angelica Singleton Van Buren (mul) - Letitia Christian Tyler →
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Anna Tuthill Symmes
Haihuwa	Morristown (mul) , 25 ga Yuli, 1775
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa	North Bend (en) , 25 ga Faburairu, 1864
Makwanci	William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial (en)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	John Cleves Symmes
Mahaifiya	Anna Tuthill
Abokiyar zama	William Henry Harrison  (22 Nuwamba, 1795 -  4 ga Afirilu, 1841)
Yara	view John Scott Harrison (mul) Carter Bassett Harrison (en) Elizabeth Bassett Harrison (en) John Cleves Symmes Harrison (en) Lucy Singleton Harrison (en) William Henry Harrison (en) Benjamin Harrison (en) Mary Symmes Harrison (en) Anna Tuthill Harrison (en) James Findlay Harrison (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Imani
Addini	Presbyterianism (en)

Anna Tuthill Harrison ( wanda aka fi sani da Symmes ; 25 ga Yuli, 1775 - 25 ga Fabrairu, 1864) ita ce matar shugaban Amurka a shekarar 1841 a matsayin matar Shugaba William Henry Harrison . Ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin na tsawon wata ɗaya kacal, yayin da mijinta ya kamu da cutar huhu kuma ya mutu jim kaɗan bayan fara wa'adin mulkinsa. Ɗansu John Scott Harrison shine mahaifin Shugaba Benjamin Harrison . Ba ta taɓa shiga Fadar White House ba a lokacin da take matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa, ta kasance ita kaɗai matar shugaban ƙasa da ba ta taɓa ziyartar babban birnin ba a lokacin shugabancin mijinta. Tana da shekaru 65 lokacin da wa'adin shugabancin mijinta ya fara, Harrison ita ce mace mafi tsufa da ta taɓa ɗaukar matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa, tarihin da aka riƙe har sai da Jill Biden ta zama matar shugaban ƙasa tana da shekaru 69 a shekarar 2021. Tana kuma da matsayin riƙe wannan muƙamin na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma matar shugaban ƙasa ta farko da ta zama bazawara yayin da take riƙe da muƙamin. Harrison ita ce kaɗai matar shugaban ƙasa ta Amurka da ta kasance matar shugaban ƙasa ɗaya kuma kakar wani shugaban ƙasar Amurka.

Kakannin Anna sun yi renon ta a Long Island kuma ta sami ilimi mafi kyau fiye da kowace matar shugaban ƙasa da ta taɓa samu. Ta auri jami'in soja William Henry Harrison ba tare da son mahaifinta ba a shekarar 1795, kuma ta yi renon iyalansu 'ya'ya goma a kan iyakar Ohio da Indiana yayin da William ke neman aikin siyasa. 'Ya'yan Anna takwas daga cikin goma sun mutu a rayuwarta, wanda hakan ya sa ta shiga cikin addininta na Presbyterian . Ta zama matar shugaban ƙasa lokacin da William ya zama shugaban ƙasa a 1841, kodayake ba ta halarci bikin rantsar da shi ba. William ya mutu yayin da Anna ke shirin tafiya Washington, DC, wata ɗaya kacal bayan wa'adin mulkinsa. Anna ta yi sauran rayuwarta a Ohio, da farko a cikin gidan katako na danginsu, sannan kuma tare da ɗanta tilo da ya rage, John. Ɗan gajeren lokacin da ta yi a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa, rashin zuwa Fadar White House, da lalata takardunta na sirri a cikin gobara sun sa masana tarihi ba su yi watsi da ita ba, kuma rayuwarta ba ta kasance batun nazarin ilimi ba.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Anna Tuthill Symmes a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1775, a Morristown, New Jersey, a matsayin ɗa na biyu ga Anna Tuthill da John Cleves Symmes .  : 53 Mahaifinta alkalin kotun koli ne a New Jersey . Mahaifiyarta ta rasu a ranar haihuwarta ta farko, inda ta bar mahaifinta ya yi renon ta ita kaɗai. Lokacin da Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka ya fara, John ya kasance Kanar a cikin Sojojin Nahiyar . Don tabbatar da lafiyar 'yarsa, ya ɗauki siffar sojan Birtaniya ya kai ta Long Island ta hanyar doki.  : 100 A nan ne kakanninta suka rene ta. Wani jita-jita ya nuna cewa John yana ɗauke da jakunkuna biyu: ɗaya tare da Anna, ɗaya kuma da turnips wanda yake nunawa ga duk wani soja da ya yi masa tambayoyi, yana iƙirarin cewa yana kai su ga kwamandan Birtaniya.  : 54 

Tun tana ƙarama, Anna ta fara zuwa makarantar Clinton Academy da ke East Hampton sannan ta halarci makarantar Isabella Graham mai zaman kanta da ke birnin New York. Iliminta na addini ne, domin kakanninta sun rene ta ta zama ƴar Presbyterian .  : 54 Da zarar yaƙin ya ƙare a shekarar 1783, mahaifin Anna ya kai mata ziyara a New York  : 100 kafin ta ƙaura zuwa Yankin Arewa maso Yamma . Ta sake haɗuwa da mahaifinta a shekara ta 1794 tana da shekaru 19 lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Yankin Arewa maso Yamma don zama tare da shi a garin da ya kafa a can: North Bend, Ohio . Haka kuma akwai uwarta, Susannah Livingston, wacce Anna ta yi mu'amala mai kyau da ita.  : 54 

Aure da iyali

Symmes ta haɗu da William Henry Harrison a lokacin da ta ziyarci Lexington, Kentucky, don ganin 'yar uwarta Maria. Duk da rashin amincewar mahaifinta, ta fara soyayya da shi. Mahaifinta bai amince da soyayyar ba saboda aikin soja na Harrison.  : 54 Kwarewarsa da sojojin Yankin Arewa maso Yamma ya tabbatar masa da cewa ba su wuce masu laifi ba,  : 101 kuma yana jin tsoron cewa rashin ƙwarewar Harrison a kowace fanni zai sa ya yi wuya a samar da iyali.  : 54 

Symmes da Harrison sun yanke shawarar guduwa yayin da mahaifinta yake kan aiki. Sun yi aure a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1795,  : 101 tare da Dr. Stephen Wood wanda ke jagorantar bikin. Ana iya cewa bikin ya kasance a gidan shugaban majalisar ministoci ko kuma a gidan mahaifin Anna; masana tarihi ba su yarda da ainihin wurin ba.  : 54 Mahaifin Anna bai ji daɗi ba, kuma makonni suka shude kafin ya yi magana da sabon surukinsa, yana neman sanin yadda zai tallafa wa iyali tare da Anna. William ya amsa cewa zai yi amfani da takobinsa. Ƙiyayyar John ga William ba ta daɗe ba. Daga ƙarshe ya yi kamfen a madadinsa kuma ya naɗa shi mai aiwatar da dukiyarsa.  : 102 

Anna ta raka William lokacin da ya koma Fort Washington da ke kusa inda yake aiki.  : 54 Ta rayu rayuwar gargajiya ta matar soja, gami da tafiye-tafiyen da ke da alaƙa da mijinta. A shekara ta 1798, William ya yi murabus daga aikin soja, ya sayi fili a North Bend, kuma ya gina ɗakin katako don gidansu.  : 102 A wannan lokacin sun haifi ɗansu na fari, wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1796.  : 54 Daga ƙarshe sun haifi 'ya'ya goma tare  : 54 tsawon shekaru 18. Tara daga cikinsu sun riga Anna mutuwa.

Matsayin mijina ya shahara

Grouseland, gidan Harrison a Vincennes

Bayan an zaɓe William a Majalisar Wakilai a shekarar 1799, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia, wanda shine babban birnin Amurka a lokacin. Bayan Philadelphia, sun kuma yi lokaci a Richmond, Virginia, don ganin iyalan William. A nan ne Anna ta haifi ɗanta na uku a shekarar 1800. Sun ƙaura zuwa Vincennes, Indiana, daga baya a wannan shekarar lokacin da aka naɗa William gwamnan yankin Indiana .  : 102 Bayan shekaru huɗu a Vincennes, William ya gina Grouseland, gidan tubali ga Harrisons wanda kuma ya kasance wuri mai shahara ga tarurrukan zamantakewa na yankin.  : 103 Wasu lokutan sojojin 'yan asalin Amurka kan kai hari ga iyalai a yankin, kuma ana tilasta wa yaran su ɓuya a cikin gidan akai-akai, wanda aka gina don a iya kare shi cikin sauƙi. Wani limamin Methodist yana zaune tare da Harrisons a Grouseland, kuma yana tsaron gidan a lokacin hare-hare.  : 55 A lokacin da take zaune a Vincennes, Anna ta nemi duk wani jarida da mujallu da za ta iya, tana karanta game da batutuwa daban-daban na siyasa. Ta ji kaɗaici a Vincennes saboda nisan da take da shi daga danginta na nesa;  : 55 Damar da ta samu na haɗuwa da manyan mutane a ƙasar da suka ziyarta ba ta ba ta wani ta'aziyya ba. Ta haifi ƙarin 'ya'ya biyar a lokacin da take a Indiana.  : 103 

Anna ta kai 'ya'yanta su zauna tare da mahaifinta a lokacin Yaƙin 1812, yayin da William ke sake yin aikin soja.  : 55 A wannan lokacin ta shiga Cocin Presbyterian na Farko, kuma ta haifi ɗanta na tara. A ƙarshen yaƙin, mutanen Harrison sun ƙaura da ɗakin katakonsu, Bend, zuwa wani kadara da ke North Bend, wanda Anna ta gada daga mahaifinta bayan rasuwarsa a 1814.  : 104 William ya yi ritaya daga aikin soja, inda ya jawo hankalin baƙi da yawa zuwa gidansu,  : 55 har da taron cocinsu, waɗanda ake gayyatarsu zuwa cin abincin dare bayan hidima kowace safiyar Lahadi. An haifi ɗansu na goma kuma na ƙarshe a shekara ta 1814, amma ya mutu a shekara ta 1817. Wannan shi ne na farko daga cikin mutuwar farko da yawa a tsakanin 'ya'yansu: 'ya mace Lucy ta mutu a shekara ta 1826, ɗansu William kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 1830, sai kuma mutuwar wasu 'ya'ya maza uku a shekara ta 1838, 1839, da 1840.

Anna ta yi amfani da mafi yawan shekarun 1810 da 1820 kawai, domin William ya yi nasarar siyasa wanda ya kai shi Majalisar Dokokin Amurka, Majalisar Dattawan Ohio, da kuma ofishin diflomasiyya zuwa Colombia . Ta ilmantar da 'ya'yansu, daga ƙarshe ta kafa makaranta a North Bend. Ana gudanar da ilimin addini ta hanyar mai kula da da'ira .  : 55 Iyalan Harrison ba su da ƙwarewa a kasafin kuɗinsu, kuma kuɗinsu ya ƙara matsi saboda bukukuwan aure da kuɗin makaranta na jami'a yayin da 'ya'yansu ke girma.  : 104 Wani matsala kuma ita ce ɗansu William ya tara dala 12,000 ( equivalent to $362,813 a shekarar 2025 ) a cikin bashi, wanda suka ɗauka lokacin da ya mutu.

Anna ta yi shakka lokacin da mijinta ya bayyana burinsa na zama shugaban ƙasar Amurka, kuma ta ji haushi da takararsa ta shugaban ƙasa a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1836 da 1840.  : 56 Duk da ƙin amincewarta, ta taimaka a kamfen ɗinsa, inda ta karɓi baƙuncin magoya baya yayin da masu son zuwa suka ziyarci gidansu da ke North Bend.  : 46 Ilmin siyasanta yana da matuƙar amfani a lokacin kamfen ɗin, domin ta sami damar yin magana da 'yan siyasa da suka zo ziyara. Ganin yadda ta kiyaye Asabar, ta shawo kan William ya daina yin kamfen a ranar Lahadi. Shiganta ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar wani ɗanta a 1840.  : 46 

Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka

Harrison ba ta ji daɗin lokacin da aka zaɓe mijinta a matsayin shugaba ba. An ambato ta tana cewa "Ina fata abokan mijina sun bar shi a inda yake, yana farin ciki da gamsuwa a lokacin ritaya." Tana da shekaru 65, ita ce mace mafi tsufa har zuwa wannan lokacin da ta zama matar shugaban ƙasa . A cikin tsammanin sabon matsayinta, ta damu cewa ba za a yi mata maraba sosai a cikin al'ummar Washington ba kuma ba za ta iya cika nauyin da aka ɗora mata na gargajiya na matar shugaban ƙasa ba. An rantsar da William a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a 1841, amma Anna ba ta raka shi zuwa Washington ba; tana jin rashin lafiya, kuma tafiyar za ta ƙunshi yanayi mai tsanani. Madadin haka ta aika Jane Irwin Harrison, matar marigayi ɗansu, don yin aiki a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa mai riƙo.  : 46 Ta shirya ta haɗu da mijinta a watan Mayu mai zuwa, amma kafin ta tafi, ta sami labarin cewa ya mutu sakamakon ciwon huhu . Ta zaɓi kada ta yi tafiyar, ta kuma daina jana'izarsa ta gwamnati .  : 56 

Daga baya rayuwa da mutuwa

Harrison ta koma North Bend bayan mutuwar mijinta.  : 107 Duk da cewa Harrison ba ta son magajin mijinta, Shugaba John Tyler, ba, ta yi masa roƙon ya ba wa 'yan uwanta mukamai na siyasa, ta hanyar amfani da matsayinta na tsohuwar matar shugaban ƙasa. Haka kuma ta yi wa shugaban ƙasa mai zuwa, James K. Polk, roƙon ya ba wa jikokinta kwamitocin soja. Gwamnatin tarayya ta ba Harrison fansho a watan Yunin 1841, wanda ta kashe wajen biyan basussukan mijinta.  : 56 Harrison ta ƙara shiga harkokin siyasa da addini a shekarunta na ƙarshe. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, ta kasance mai goyon bayan kawar da gwamnati, kuma ta ƙarfafa jikokinta su yi aiki a rundunar sojojin ƙasa .  : 56  : 107 A shekarar 1855, gobara ta lalata ɗakin Harrison, kuma ta yi shekaru na ƙarshe tana zaune tare da ɗanta John . Harrison ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1864, yana da shekaru 88. An binne ta kusa da mijinta a North Bend. Horace Bushnell ne ya yi wa'azin jana'izar ta.  : 107 

Gado

Harrison ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi bazawara a lokacin da take matar shugaban ƙasa, kuma an biyo bayan jerin matan shugaban ƙasa da ba su yarda ko kuma ba su iya gudanar da ayyukan da suka shafi wannan matsayi ba. Ba ta samu wani suna mai mahimmanci a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ba, domin mijinta ya mutu kafin ta isa Fadar White House . Bugu da ƙari, an ƙone takardunta na sirri da gidan katakonta. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, Harrison da rawar da ta taka a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ba su kasance cikin manyan abubuwan nazari ko muhawara na ilimi ba. Hotunanta na tarihi galibi suna bayyana ne ta hanyar sadaukarwarta ga addini da iyali.

Wani batu da masana tarihi ke muhawara a kai shi ne irin tasirin da Harrison ya yi a kan mijinta; tsoffin masana tarihin shugaban ƙasa kamar Laura Carter Holloway da Freeman Cleaves ta yi jayayya cewa tana da iko sosai a kan mijinta da aikinsa, amma masana tarihi na baya-bayan nan sun yi jayayya kan hakan. Wani masanin tarihi, Paul Boller, ya kwatanta Harrison da Rachel Jackson : tunda dukkansu matan maza ne waɗanda galibi ba sa aiki a fannin soja da siyasa, dukansu suna fatan mazajensu su yi ritaya daga rayuwar jama'a, kuma dukansu sun yi amfani da ra'ayinsu na Presbyterian don magance waɗannan gwagwarmaya.

Harrison ta kasance tana da matsayi daban-daban a matsayinta na matar shugaban ƙasa. Ita ce matar shugaban ƙasa ta ƙarshe da aka haifa kafin rantsar da George Washington,  : 61 kuma ta farko da ta sami ilimi a hukumance. Ita ce mace mafi tsufa da ta zama uwargidan shugaban ƙasa a lokacin, tana da shekaru 65. Ta riƙe wannan tarihin har zuwa 2021, lokacin da Jill Biden ta zama uwargidan shugaban ƙasa tana da shekaru 69. Tana kuma riƙe da tarihin ɗan gajeren wa'adin mijinta: ta yi aiki mafi ƙarancin wa'adin shugabancin kowace matar shugaban ƙasa, tana riƙe da wannan muƙamin ne kawai na tsawon kwanaki 31, kuma ita ce kaɗai matar shugaban ƙasa da ba ta taɓa zuwa babban birnin ba a lokacin shugabancin mijinta.  : 80 Jikan Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, ya zama shugaban ƙasar Amurka a shekarar 1889, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ɗaya tilo da ta kasance matar shugaban ƙasar Amurka ɗaya da kuma kakar wani.  : 100 

A cikin binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Kwalejin Siena ta 1982, wanda ya nemi masana tarihi su tantance matan shugabannin Amurka; an haɗa Harrison. Binciken matan shugabannin farko, wanda aka gudanar lokaci-lokaci tun daga lokacin, ya sanya matan shugabannin bisa ga jimillar maki kan ka'idoji masu zaman kansu na asalinsu, darajarsu ga ƙasa, hankali, jarumtaka, nasarori, mutunci, shugabanci, kasancewarsu mata, mutuncin jama'a, da kuma darajar shugaban ƙasa. A cikin binciken na 1982, daga cikin matan shugabannin farko 42 da mata masu riƙon mukamai, an tantance Harrison a matsayin ta 23 mafi girma a tsakanin masana tarihi. Saboda gajeriyar lokacinta a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa, an cire Harrison daga sake maimaita binciken.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Anna Harrison at Find a Grave
• Anna Harrison at C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image

Lakabi na girmamawa
Magabata {{{before}}}	First Lady of the United States	Magaji {{{after}}}