Annie Kenney

 

Annie Kenney
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Springhead (en) , 13 Satumba 1879
ƙasa	Birtaniya
Mutuwa	Hitchin (mul) , 9 ga Yuli, 1953
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	James Taylor (mul)
Yara	view Warwick Kenney-Taylor (mul)
Ahali	Jessie Kenney (en) , Nell Kenney (en) , Rowland Kenney (en) da Kitty Kenney (en)
Karatu
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa, suffragist (en) , suffragette (en) da Mai kare hakkin mata
Kyaututtuka	gani Hunger Strike Medal
Mamba	Women's Social and Political Union (en)

Ann "Annie" Kenney (13 Satumba 1879 - 9 Yuli 1953) 'Yar ƙasar Ingila ce mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mai ra'ayin gurguzu [1] wadda ta zama jigo a cikin Ƙungiyar Mata ta Zamantakewa da Siyasa . Ta kafa reshenta na farko a Landan tare da Minnie Baldock . Kenney ta jawo hankalin manema labarai da jama'a a shekarar 1905 lokacin da aka daure ta da Christabel Pankhurst na tsawon kwanaki da dama saboda cin zarafi da toshewar da suka shafi tambayar Sir Edward Grey a wani taron ' yan Liberal da aka yi a Manchester kan batun ƙuri'u ga mata. Wannan lamari ya samo asali ne sakamakon ƙaddamar da wani sabon mataki a gwagwarmayar mata ta zaɓe a Burtaniya tare da amfani da dabarun 'yan bindiga . Annie ta yi abota da Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Baroness Pethick-Lawrence, Mary Blathwayt, Clara Codd, Adela Pankhurst, da Christabel Pankhurst .

Rayuwar farko

An haifi Kenney a shekara ta 1879 a Springhead, West Riding na Yorkshire, ga Horatio Nelson Kenney (1849–1912) da Anne Wood (1852–1905). Ita ce 'ya ta huɗu a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya goma sha biyu, goma sha ɗaya daga cikinsu sun tsira daga ƙuruciya. Akwai wasu 'yan'uwa mata shida: Sarah (Nell), Alice, Caroline (Kitty), Jane (Jenny), da Jessie . Iyayensu suna aiki a fannin aiki kuma suna aiki a masana'antar yadi. Sun ƙarfafa karatu, muhawara, da gurguzu. Uku daga cikin 'yan'uwa mata sun zama malamai, wani ɗan'uwa kuma ya zama ɗan kasuwa. Wani ɗan'uwa, Rowland Kenney, ya zama editan farko (a 1912) na Daily Herald .

Annie ta fara aikin ɗan lokaci a injin niƙa auduga tana da shekaru 10, yayin da take makaranta. Ta fara aiki na cikakken lokaci tana da shekaru 13, wanda ya ƙunshi aiki na awanni 11.5 daga ƙarfe shida na safe. Tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar mai saƙa, ko "mai ɗagawa", wani ɓangare na aikinta shine sanya bobbins ɗin da kuma kula da zare lokacin da suka karye; a lokacin irin wannan aikin, an cire ɗaya daga cikin yatsunta da wani bobbin mai juyawa. Ta zauna a injin niƙa na tsawon shekaru 15, ta shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar kwadago, ta ci gaba da karatunta ta hanyar yin nazari da kanta kuma - wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga littafin Robert Blatchford, The Clarion - ya haɓaka nazarin adabi tsakanin abokan aikinta. Ta kasance mai halartar coci akai-akai kuma ta rera waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gida.

Lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekarar 1905, Kenney da 'yan'uwa shida sun zauna tare da mahaifinta a lamba 71 Redgrave Street, Oldham .

Christabel Pankhurst da Annie Kenney

Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka

Kenney ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa (WSPU) bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta Ann da wuri tana da shekaru hamsin da uku a watan Janairun 1905, lokacin da ita da 'yar uwarta Jessie suka ji Teresa Billington-Greig da Christabel Pankhurst suna magana a Oldham gurguzu Clarion Vocal Club a 1905. Kenney ta bayyana saƙon Billington da aka isar a matsayin "ƙaramin guduma mai sanyi da hankali" amma tana son Christabel, kuma an gayyace ta ta haɗu da mahaifiyarta ( Emmeline Pankhurst ) mako guda bayan haka, tana tsammanin hakan ya sa Kenney ta ji cewa "tana rayuwa a sararin samaniya;.. kawai ba za ta iya cin abinci ba... a zahiri ta ji cewa babban canji ya zo." Wannan ya haifar da ziyarar mako-mako a lokacin hutunta na rabin rana don a horar da ita wajen yin magana a bainar jama'a da kuma tattara takardu kan zaɓen mata. Kenney da 'yar uwarta Jessie sun raba waɗannan ga mata da ke aiki a masana'antar niƙa a Oldham. Kenney ta sami kanta tana bayyana wa jama'a game da haƙƙin ma'aikata, rashin aikin yi da kuma yadda ta bai wa mata ' yancin zaɓe.

Hoton taron shugabannin ƙungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa ta mata (WSPU), wanda ke nuna Flora Drummond, Christabel Pankhurst, Kenney, Emmeline Pankhurst, Charlotte Despard da wasu mutane biyu suna aiki a kusa da teburin girki

A lokacin wani gangamin 'yan Liberal a Free Trade Hall, Manchester, a watan Oktoban 1905, Kenney da Christabel Pankhurst sun katse wani taron siyasa da Winston Churchill da Sir Edward Grey suka halarta suna ihu: "Shin gwamnatin Liberal za ta bai wa mata kuri'u?" Bayan sun buɗe wani tuta da ke bayyana "Kuri'u ga Mata" da ihu, an kore su daga taron kuma an kama su saboda sun kawo cikas; An kama Pankhurst saboda cin zarafin fasaha da ya yi wa wani jami'in 'yan sanda bayan ta tofa masa yawu don ta jawo kama shi (kodayake ta rubuta daga baya cewa busasshiyar tofa ce, mafi kama da "busasshiya"). An daure Kenney na tsawon kwanaki uku saboda rawar da ta taka a zanga-zangar; an daure ta sau 13 jimilla.

Adela Pankhurst (tsaye) tare da Kenney da Emmeline Pankhurst, an ɗauki hotonta a shekarar 1909 a "Suffragettes Rest" a filin Eagle House kusa da Batheaston, Somerset. An dasa wani katafaren gida mai bishiyoyi kusan 47 ta hanyar 'yan suffragettes', amma an lalata shi a shekarun 1960.

Kenney da Pankhurst su ne 'yan takarar farko da aka daure, shari'arsu ta jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai kuma mukaman WSPU sun ƙaru bayan shari'arsu. Emmeline Pankhurst ta rubuta a cikin tarihin rayuwarta ta 1914 My Own Story cewa "wannan shine farkon kamfen ɗin da ba a taɓa sanin irinsa ba a Ingila, ko kuma a kowace ƙasa... mun katse tarurruka da yawa... kuma an kore mu da ƙarfi an kuma zage mu. Sau da yawa ana yi mana rauni mai zafi da rauni..."

Kenney da Minnie Baldock sun kafa reshen farko na WSPU na Landan a Canning Town a shekarar 1906, suna gudanar da taro a Canning Town Public Hall . A watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, an kama Kenney, Adelaide Knight, da Mrs Sbarborough lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin samun masu sauraro tare da HH Asquith, wanda a lokacin shine Chancellor of the Exchequer . Da aka ba da shawarar za a yanke musu hukuncin makonni shida a gidan yari ko kuma a daina kamfen na shekara ɗaya, Kenney ta zaɓi gidan yari, kamar sauran. An gayyaci Kenney don yin magana da tarukan mata masu aiki a faɗin ƙasar a duk tsawon kamfen ɗin, gami da yin kamfen na mako guda a Liverpool a tarurrukan titi waɗanda Patricia Woodlock da Alice Morrissey suka shirya. A watan Fabrairun 1907, tana Aberdeen inda ake tsammanin za ta raka Emmeline da Christabel Pankhurst, amma an kama su a zanga-zangar House of Commons. Kenny ya haɗu da Helen Fraser a Castlegate da ke birnin, yana mai bayyana hakan a matsayin 'wani aiki na musamman' da ƙungiyar WSPU ta ƙasa ta ba ta.

Kenney ta zama wani ɓangare na manyan shugabannin WSPU, inda ta shirya kauracewa ƙidayar jama'a a Bristol a shekarar 1911 kuma ta zama mataimakiyar WSPU a shekarar 1912. A shekarar 1913 ita da Flora Drummond suka shirya wakilan WSPU su yi magana da manyan 'yan siyasa David Lloyd George da Sir Edward Grey . An shirya taron ne da tanadin cewa waɗannan mata ne masu aiki waɗanda ke wakiltar ajin su. Sun bayyana mummunan albashi da yanayin aiki da suka sha wahala da kuma fatan cewa kuri'a za ta ba wa mata damar ƙalubalantar yanayin da ake ciki ta hanyar dimokuraɗiyya. Alice Hawkins daga Leicester ta bayyana yadda abokan aikinta maza za su iya zaɓar namiji don ya wakilce su yayin da matan ba a wakilta su ba.

Fosta da ke adawa da Dokar 'Kyanwa da Bera'

Kenney, wacce ta shiga cikin wasu ayyukan 'yan bindiga kuma aka tilasta mata ciyar da ita sau da yawa, koyaushe tana da niyyar fuskantar hukumomi da kuma nuna rashin adalcin Dokar Kure da Beraye : wani laƙabi na 'yan fursunoni (Tsawon Lokaci don Rashin Lafiya) na 1913 wanda ya ba da damar a sake fursunonin da ba su da lafiya (musamman daga yajin cin abinci ko ciyar da su da ƙarfi), a kan lasisi na ɗan lokaci, har sai sun isa a mayar da su gidan yari don kammala hukuncinsu. Magoya bayanta, ciki har da Agnes Harben da mijinta, za su ba da Kenney da wasu su murmure a gidansu na ƙauye, Newlands, Chalfont St. Peter . A wani lokaci a watan Janairun 1914 lokacin da aka sake ta daga gidan yari kuma ta yi rauni sosai, jaridar The Times ta ruwaito cewa a wani taro da aka yi a zauren garin Knightsbridge wanda Norah Dacre Fox, babban sakataren WSPU, ya jagoranta:

"An kai Miss Kenney wurin taron a cikin motar daukar dawaki; kuma aka kai ta wurin taron a kan gadon jariri, wanda aka ɗaga shi zuwa dandamali aka ɗora shi a kan kujeru biyu. Ta ɗaga hannunta na dama ta yi amfani da mayafi, ta kwanta a hankali tana kallon masu sauraro. Daga baya, an bayar da lasisinta a ƙarƙashin Dokar "Kyanwa da Bera" don sayarwa. Mrs Dacre Fox ta ce an riga an karɓi tayin £15 don sa, kuma na gaba ɗaya shine ɗaya daga cikin £20, sannan an yi tayin £25, kuma a wannan farashin an sayar da shi. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka aka mayar da Miss Kenney zuwa motar asibiti. Jami'an tsaro sun kasance a wurin, amma ba a yi ƙoƙarin sake kama Miss Kenney ba, wacce lasisinta ya ƙare."

An bai wa Kenney lambar yabo ta "Hunger Strike Medal " ta WSPU.

A lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya ɓarke a shekarar 1914, Emmeline Pankhurst ta yi kira da a kawo ƙarshen fafutukar neman 'yancin kai ta hanyar yin kira ga mata da su shiga cikin ayyukan yaƙi ta hanyar ɗaukar ayyukan da aka saba ɗauka a matsayin ayyukan maza, domin yawancin waɗannan mazan yanzu ba sa nan a gaba. An shirya wannan a cikin jirgin ƙasa ta shafukan The Suffragette, wanda aka sake ƙaddamar da shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1915 da taken cewa 'wajibi ne ga 'yan tawayen Suffragettes su yaƙi Kaiser don neman 'yanci fiye da yaƙi da gwamnatocin da ke adawa da zaɓe'. A kaka ta 1915, Kenney ta raka Emmeline Pankhurst, Flora Drummond, Norah Dacre Fox da Grace Roe zuwa Kudancin Wales, Midlands da Clydeside a rangadin ɗaukar ma'aikata da lacca don ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin kwadago su goyi bayan aikin yaƙi. Kenney ta kai saƙonta zuwa wurare daban-daban kamar Faransa da Amurka.

A watan Agusta na 1921, Kenney ta fara buga ' Ru'ya ta Yohanna' da kuma abin da ake kira 'asirin 'yan takara' a cikin jerin labarai goma sha biyu a cikin shahararren jaridar Scotland ta mako-mako, The Sunday Post , tsakanin labarai, labaran sha'awar ɗan adam da gajerun abubuwa. Jerin ya fara ne da tarihin rayuwarta a matsayin "yarinya mai masana'anta" (tun tana da shekaru goma, ɗan lokaci-lokaci da kuma daga shekaru goma sha uku, cikakken lokaci); yadda ta shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gurguzu ta Clarion kuma ta ji Christabel Pankhurst tana magana kuma mako guda bayan haka ta zama baƙo a gidan Pankhursts na Manchester. Ta ci gaba da bayyana yadda ta ji game da yin magana ba zato ba tsammani a bainar jama'a da kuma ga taron abokan aikinta na masana'anta da kuma koyon yadda za ta magance masu suka. A wasu shirye-shirye a cikin jerin, Kenney ta ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru (da mutanen da ta haɗu da su) a lokacin fafutukar neman zaɓe, gami da wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka bayyana a sama. A cikin labarin ƙarshe a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, labarinta na ƙarshe ya bayyana haɗuwa da Archbishop na Canterbury ( Randall Davidson ) a Fadar Lambeth a 1914, yana da'awar " wuri mai tsarki " har sai an ba mata kuri'a (wanda ya gane cewa zai iya ɗaukar shekaru); ta yi bayani dalla-dalla game da yunƙurin da aka yi na tilasta mata barin aiki, kama ta, yajin cin abinci na kwanaki 7, sakinta don murmurewa da dawowarta ta zauna a bakin ƙofar gida, sai kawai aka ɗauke ta a cikin motar asibiti zuwa asibitin aiki . A 1924, Kenney ta fitar da wani tarihin rayuwarta, Memories of a Military, daure cikin launuka masu launin shunayya, fari da kore.

Rayuwa ta sirri

Kenney da Christabel Pankhurst, kimanin 1905-1912

Annie tana da abota ta kud da kud da mata a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta neman zaɓe. Christabel Pankhurst da Kenney ana zargin masoya ne. Su biyun sun tafi hutu zuwa Sark tare kuma wasu majiyoyi sun nuna cewa dangantakar ta kasance ta platonic maimakon ta soyayya. Kenney abokiyar dangin Blathwayts ce. Ta kasance mai yawan zuwa gidansu, Eagle House, kuma ba kamar kowa ba, ta dasa bishiyoyi guda huɗu. Blathwayts sun biya kyaututtuka da agogo, kuma sun biya kuɗin likita da na haƙori ga ita da 'yan'uwanta mata. Mary Blathwayt ta rubuta bayanai a cikin littafin tarihinta na matan da Kenney ke kwana da su lokacin da ta zauna a Eagle House. An gabatar da kishin soyayya na Blathwayt a matsayin dalili. Ta lura da masoya goma da ake zargin ba su daɗe ba. A cewar Mary, ta raba gadaje da kanta, Clara Codd da Adela Pankhurst.

Bayan mata 'yan sama da shekaru 30 sun lashe zaɓen a shekarar 1918, Kenney ta auri James Taylor (1893–1977) ta kuma zauna a Letchworth, Hertfordshire. An haifi ɗa, Warwick Kenney Taylor, a shekarar 1921. Bayan bugun jini ta mutu a ranar 9 ga Yuli 1953, tana da shekaru 73, a Asibitin Lister, Hitchin, Hertfordshire. An yi jana'izar ta bisa ga al'adun AMORC kuma iyalanta suka warwatsa tokar ta a Saddleworth Moor .

Ganewar bayan mutuwa

Mutum-mutumin Kenney a Oldham

A shekarar 1999, Majalisar Oldham ta gina wani allo mai launin shuɗi don girmama Kenney a Lees Brook Mill da ke Lees, kusa da Oldham, inda Kenney ya fara aiki a shekarar 1892.

A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2018, an buɗe wani mutum-mutumi, wanda aka ba da kuɗin tallafin jama'a, a gaban Tsohon Zauren Gari da ke Oldham.

Sunanta da hotonta (da na wasu mata 58 masu goyon bayan zaɓe) an zana su a kan ginshiƙin mutum-mutumin Millicent Fawcett a Dandalin Majalisa, Landan, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2018.

  

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Takardun Kenney (Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia)
• Labarun Zaɓen 'Yan Takarar Jam'iyya (Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia)
• Portraits of Annie Kenney
• Hotunan Suffraget
• Spartacus Schoolnet
• Jaridar Manchester Guardian ta bayar da rahoton shari'ar kotu ta shekarar 1905