Antalas
 Antalas | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Byzacena, 499 |
| Mutuwa | unknown value |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Ahali |
Guarizila (mul)  |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
traditional leader or chief (en) |
Antalas (Girkanci; Ἀντάλας c. 500 - bayan 548) ya kasance shugaban kabilar Berber wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yaƙe-yaƙe na Daular Byzantine da kabilun Berber a Afirka . Antalas da kabilarsa, Frexes da farko sun yi wa Byzantines hidima a matsayin abokan tarayya, amma bayan 544 sun sauya bangarori. Tare da nasarar Byzantine ta ƙarshe a cikinsa da kabilarsa sun sake zama talakawan Byzantine. Babban tushe game da rayuwarsa shine waka mai suna Iohannis na Flavius Cresconius Corippus da Tarihin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Procopius na Kaisariya.
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Antalas a shekara ta 500, kuma ɗan wani Guenfan ne, a cewar Corippus. Ya kasance daga kabilar Frexes ta Byzacena (tsakiyar Tunisiya ta zamani [1]).[2] Corippus ya ba da rahoton cewa aikin Antalas ya fara ne tun yana da shekara goma sha bakwai, yana sata tumaki. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bi shi kuma ya zama ɗan fashi, ya yi yaƙi da Vandals. A shekara ta 530, ya zama shugaban Berbers a Byzacena, kuma a wannan shekarar ya jagoranci su zuwa gagarumin nasara a kan Vandals.[3]
Bayan Yaƙin Vandalic (533-534) da kuma kama Masarautar Vandalic ta Daular Byzantine, Antalas ya zama abokin tarayya na daular, yana karɓar tallafi da kayan musayar. A cikin 543, duk da haka, tawaye ya ɓarke tsakanin Berbers na Byzacena, wanda ya haifar da kisan ɗan'uwansa Guarizila da kuma dakatar da tallafin da gwamnan Byzantine, Solomon. Wannan magani ya rabu da Antalas, kuma lokacin da Leuathae suka yi tawaye a Tripolitania a shekara mai zuwa, shi da mabiyansa sun shiga tare da su. Ƙabilun da suka haɗa kai sun yi nasara sosai a kan Byzantines a Yaƙin Cillium, inda aka kashe Sulemanu da kansa. [3][4]
Tare da mutuwar mai iya Solomon, an nada dan uwansa Sergius, wanda girman kai ya bi da Leuathae ya haifar da tawaye da farko, a matsayin gwamna a Afirka. Stotzas, wani sojan Byzantine mai ridda wanda ya jagoranci tawaye mara nasara a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yanzu ya shiga Antalas daga mafakarsa a Mauretania. Antalas ya rubuta wa sarkin Byzantine, Justinian I, yana neman korar Sergius, amma a banza. Justinian kawai ya aika da Patrician Areobindus a farkon 545 don raba umurni tare da Sergius, amma dukansu biyu ba su da ƙwarewar soja kuma sun yi amfani da lokacin su suna jayayya da juna.[3][4] Yayinda Sergius ya kasance ba ya aiki a Carthage, Antalas da Stotzas sun jagoranci dakarunsu zuwa arewa kuma sun yi nasarar yaudarar Himerius, kwamandan Hadrumetum, ya bar garin tare da dakarunsa kuma ya hadu da wani kwamandan Byzantine, John. Himerius ya fada cikin tarko, kuma yayin da sojojinsa suka yi tawaye kuma suka shiga Stotzas, an tilasta masa ya ci amanar Hadrumetum don ceton ransa.[3] A ƙarshe, a ƙarshen 545 Areobindus ya umarci Yahaya mai jinkiri ya ci gaba ya sadu da sojojin hadin gwiwa na Antalas da Stotzas, waɗanda suka kafa sansani a Sicca Veneria. Sojojin John sun fi yawan 'yan tawaye, kuma a Yaƙin Thacia an kori sojojinsa kuma an kashe shi da kansa, amma ba kafin ya ji wa Stotzas rauni a duel ba.[4][3]
Bayan cin nasara a Thacia, an cire Sergius kuma Areobindus ya maye gurbinsa. A wannan lokacin, mai girman kai na Byzantine dux na Numidia, Guntharic ya tuntubi shugabannin Berber daban-daban don neman kawar da Areobindus. An yi wa Antalas alkawarin mulkin Byzacena, rabin dukiyar Areobindus da sojojin Byzantine 1,500 a matsayin umurninsa. Don kara matsin lamba a kan Areobindus, Berbers da mabiyan Stotzas sun kusanci Carthage. A lokaci guda, Areobindus da kansa yana da hulɗa ta sirri tare da wani shugaban Berber, Cutzinas, shugaban Numidian Berbers. Cutzinas ya yi alkawarin kashe Antalas da zarar yaƙin ya shiga, amma Guntharic ya bayyana wannan shirin ga Antalas. A cikin taron, saboda jin kunya na Areobindus, ba a yi yaƙi ba; a watan Maris Guntharic ya kama Carthage kuma ya kashe Areobindis.[4][3]
Yanzu maigidan Carthage, Guntharic ya ki girmama yarjejeniyarsa da Antalas, kuma wannan ya janye mutanensa zuwa Byzacena. A can, a kokarin sulhunta kansa da sarki, ya tuntubi dux na Byzacena, Marcentius, wanda ya gudu zuwa tsibirin da ke bakin teku, yana ba da shawarar yin wani dalili na kowa game da Guntharic. Guntharic ya aika da sojoji a karkashin Cutzinas da Artabanes a kan Antalas kuma ya ci shi. An kashe Guntharic da kansa ba da daɗewa ba (Mayu 546) ta hanyar makirci da Artabanes ke jagoranta, kuma Carthage da sojojin sun koma ga goyon bayan Daular. Justinian yanzu ya aika da ƙwararren soja, John Troglita, don sanya tsari a kan lardunan Afirka masu wahala. Da yake tara sojojinsa, Troglita ya fita daga Carthage zuwa Byzacena. Antalas ya aika da ofishin jakadancin ga janar na Byzantine, amma na ƙarshe ya ƙi buƙatunsa kuma ya ɗaure jakadun. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya aika da wakilin kansa, wanda ya sanya Antalas kafin zaɓin yaƙi ko biyayya nan da nan. Antalas ya ki miƙa wuya, kuma sojojin biyu sun fuskanci juna a kusa da Sbeitla a Byzacena a ƙarshen 546 ko farkon 547. yaƙi ya haifar da gagarumin nasarar Byzantine: Berbers sun sha wahala sosai, kuma Byzantines sun dawo da ka'idodin yaƙi da suka ɓace a Cillium.
A lokacin rani, duk da haka, Antalas ya shiga cikin Berbers na Tripolitania (ko da yake Corippus bai ambaci shi ba, Procopius ya rubuta kasancewarsa) kuma ya yi nasara sosai a kan Troglita a Yaƙin Marta . Bayan nasarar da suka samu, Berbers sun kai hari har ma zuwa wajen Carthage.[4][3] A shekara mai zuwa, Antalas ya sake shiga Tripolitanian Berbers, a karkashin shugabansu Carcasan, lokacin da suka mamaye Byzacena. Ya bambanta da Carcasan mai saurin gaske, Antalas ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da dabarun ƙonewa na ƙasa lokacin da Troglita ya tafi don saduwa da su. Duk da haka, lokacin da abokan adawar biyu suka hadu daga baya a lokacin rani a Yaƙin Filin Cato, sakamakon ya kasance nasara ta Byzantine: Carcasan ya fadi, kuma an murkushe tawaye na Berber yayin da Antalas da shugabannin da suka tsira suka mika wuya ga Troglita. Babu wani abu da aka sani game da shi bayan haka.[4][3]
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Majiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Camps, G. (1988-04-01). "Antalas". Encyclopédie berbère (in Faransanci) (5): 706–708. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2518. ISSN 1015-7344.
- Bury, John Bagnell (1958). History of the Later Roman Empire: From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian, Volume 2. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-486-20399-9.
- Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1992). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20160-5.