Antoine Darlan
 Antoine Darlan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Kouango (en)  , 1915 |
| ƙasa |
Faransa Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya |
| Mutuwa |
Villejuif (mul) , 10 ga Afirilu, 1974 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Ahali |
Georges Darlan (en) |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Faransanci Harshen Sango |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan siyasa |
| Imani | |
| Jam'iyar siyasa | Rally na Dimokuradiyyar Afirka |
Antoine Théophile Darlan (1915 - 10 Afrilu 1974) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Tsakiya ne kuma ɗan ƙungiyar kasuwanci, wanda aka sani da kasancewa babban shugaban jam'iyyar Rassemblement democratique africain (RDA) a Ubangi-Shari kafin samun 'yancin kai.
Tarihin Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan siyasar Ubangi-Shari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Antoine Darlan a cikin 1915 a Kouango (Ouaka) ga Elizabeth Mandalo, Bature, da Joseph Darlan [1] Bature na asalin Fotigal.[2] Kodayake ranar haihuwarsa a hukumance bisa ga rajistar haihuwar Kouango ita ce 8 ga Yuni, [3] ba zai yuwu a san ainihin ranar haihuwarsa da tabbaci ba. Mahaifinsa bai taɓa gane shi ba, kuma Darlan bai zama ɗan ƙasar Faransa ba sai 11 ga Satumba 1937.
A matsayinsa na Méti, Antoine Darlan yana da sauƙin samun ilimi kuma ya shiga mulkin mulkin mallaka a matsayin mai kula da littattafai. Yanayin siyasa a cikin daular mulkin mallaka na Faransa a ƙarshen 1930s ya kasance na musamman domin mutanen da aka yi wa mulkin mallaka ba su da 'yancin ɗan adam. Antoine Darlan ya zama ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa a cikin taron ƴan ƴan asalin ƙasar Oubanguian, Ƙungiyar Métis. A cikin 1941 a matsayin ɗan ƙasar Faransa, an sanya shi cikin Sojojin Faransa na 'Yanci. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Mulkin Mallaka don hidimar lokacin yaƙi.[4]
Ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya haifar da ‘yantar da al’ummar ‘yan mulkin mallaka. A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1946, a karon farko an shirya zaɓe na majalisar wakilai a ƙasar.[5] Darlan ya gudu kan tikitin Action économique et sociale kuma an zabe shi, kamar kanensa Georges Darlan. Takwarorinsa sun zabe shi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba 1947[6] don wakiltar Ubangi-Shari a Majalisar Tarayyar Afirka ta Yamma a Brazzaville da Faransa a Versailles inda wurin zama na Majalisar Tarayyar Faransa. A cewar ɗan tarihi Pierre Kalck, Antoine Darlan ya san ɗan asalin Ubangi-Shari Barthélemy Boganda.[7]
A karshen shekara ta 1947, an zabi Antoine Darlan a matsayin mataimakin shugaban babbar majalisar Faransa ta Equatorial Africa. Georges Darlan yana ganin Antoine Darlan mai hankali ne kuma mai matakin jagoranci, wanda ya burge shi da matsakaicin tsarinsa ga 'yan gurguzu. A ranar 19 ga Disamba 1947, ya ba da shawara a zauren babban taron majalisar don maye gurbin kalmar "Faransanci Equatorial Africa" da "Equatorial France", wani ma'auni wanda manyan mashawarta suka ɗauka gaba ɗaya. Gwamnatin Faransa ba ta bi shi ba. Antoine Darlan ya fara sabani da masu ra'ayin gurguzu kan manufofin mulkin mallaka da zai bi, ya shiga cikin 1948 Rassemblement démocratique africain (RDA), wani motsi tsakanin Afirka da ya yi daidai da 'yan gurguzu.
Shugaban RDA a cikin mulkin mallaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 23 ga Disamba 1948, ya kafa a Bangui sashin Ubanguian na GDR wanda ya jagoranci. A cikin wannan damar, ya shiga cikin Babban Taron Kasa da Kasa na Biyu na RDA wanda aka shirya a cikin Janairu 1949 a Abidjan. Bangaren Darlan ya zama babban nasara. Tasirinsa a kan masu ba da shawara ga Ƙorum na Biyu yana da mahimmanci. Amma ra'ayinsa na adawa da mulkin mallaka ya sa ya ƙi jinin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka da zaɓaɓɓun wakilan Kwalejin Turai. Abokan aikinsa na Afirka karkashin jagorancin ɗan'uwansa George Darlan, sun shiga cikin 1949 na karshen don ƙin yarda da bukatunsa na manufofin farfaganda. Bangaren nasa ya fara samun sauye-sauye masu yawa a watan Yuni. Rasa tasiri a tsakanin manyan mutane, Darlan Antoine ya juya ga ajin aiki. Ya taurare maganarsa kuma ya karkata zuwa ga hadin kai. Daga nan kuma ya kasance kusa da babban hafsan ma’aikata. A cikin 1950, yayin da RDA ta rabu da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa, Darlan ya ci gaba da inganta siyasar hagu.[8]
Abin ban mamaki, duk da sabanin ra'ayinsu, ayyukansa na majalisar sun yi kama da na dan majalisar Kirista Democrat da Barthélemy Boganda mai adawa da kwaminisanci. Dukansu sun yi kakkausar suka ga cin zarafi na mulkin mallaka. Ya karɓi a cikin labaransa da aka buga a cikin sashin gida na GDR, AEF Nova, matsayi mai ƙarfi irin na Boganda: akan. 6 Fabrairu 1949 Darlan ya rubuta cewa: "Mutanenmu suna fuskantar mummunar cin zarafi. A cikin wannan Ubangui mai arziki mai yawa da yawa, ana ɗaukar nau'in Turai a matsayin na babban jinsi, babban jinsi. Gudanar da martani a cikin hidimar amintattun mulkin mallaka ya sa ƙasar ta zama mulkin ta'addanci." [9]
A farkon shekara ta 1952 ne aka samu babban hatsaniya a tsakaninsu. Shahararriyar da nasarar zaben Boganda ya karu da sauri saboda Darlan. A zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na 30 Maris 1952, ya zama mai ba da shawara na yanki na yankin Ouaka don Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Afirka (MESAN). A wannan shekarar, ya bar sashen Ubanguian na GDR ya koma MESAN.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Jacques Serre, Biographie de David Dacko: premier président de la République centrafricaine, 1930-2003, Paris, Éditions L'Harmattan, 2007, p.296
- ↑ Abel Goumba, Les Mémoires et les Réflexions politiques du Resistant anti-colonial, démocrate et militant panafricaniste, v. 1, Paris, Ccinia, 2007, p.55
- ↑ Les Élites africaines, Paris, Ediafric, 1972, p.105
- ↑ John A. Ballard, The Development of Political Parties in French Equatorial Africa, Fletcher School, 1964, p.148
- ↑ Daniel Boisdon, Les institutions de l'Union française, Paris, Éditions Berger-Levrault, 1949, p.278
- ↑ Juan Fandos-Rius, « Conseil Représentatif de l'Oubangui-Chari » In Parliament of the Central African Republic, 14 November 2007 Archived 18 July 2012 at archive.today
- ↑ Pierre Kalck, Barthélemy Boganda, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, Éditions Sépia, 1995, p.74
- ↑ Pierre Kalck, op. cit., p.81
- ↑ Jean-Dominique Pénel, op. cit., p. 50
- ↑ Virginia McLean Thompson, et Richard Adloff, op. cit., p.391