Aras (kogin)
| Aras | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | −16 m |
| Tsawo | 1,072 km |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 39°20′17″N 41°19′42″E / 39.33792°N 41.32823°E |
| Kasa | Iran, Turkiyya, Armeniya da Azerbaijan |
| Territory |
East Azarbaijan Province (mul) da Syunik Province (en) |
| Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa |
Armenian Highlands (en) |
| Hydrography (en) | |
| Tributary (en) |
duba
|
| Watershed area (en) | 102,000 km² |
| Ruwan ruwa |
Caspian Sea Basin (en) |
| River source (en) |
Bingöl Dağları (en) |
| River mouth (en) |
Kura River (en) |
Kogin Aras [lower-alpha 1] wani kogi ne mai iyaka a yankin Caucasus . Yana tashi a gabashin Turkiyya kuma yana gudana a kan iyakokin Turkiyya da Armenia, tsakanin Turkiyya da yankin Nakhchivan na Azerbaijan, tsakanin Iran da Azerbaijan da Armenia, kuma, a ƙarshe, ta hanyar Azerbaijan inda yake kwarara zuwa kogin Kura a matsayin magudanar ruwa ta dama. Yana kwarara a gefen kudu na tsaunukan Ƙananan Caucasus, yayin da Kura ke kwarara a gefen arewa na Ƙananan Caucasus. Jimillar tsawon kogin shine 1,072 km (666 mi) kuma yankin ruwansa ya ƙunshi yanki na 102,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi) . Aras yana ɗaya daga cikin koguna mafi tsayi a Caucasus.
Sunaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zamanin da, Girkawa sun san kogin da Araxes ( Greek ). Sunan Armeniya na zamani shine Arax ko Araks ( Armenian ). A tarihi, ana kiransa Eraskh ( Old Armenian , Yeraskh a cikin lafazin zamani) na Armeniya kuma tsohon sunan Georgian shine Rakhsi ( რახსი ) A Azerbaijan, ana kiran kogin Araz, yayin da a Turkiyya ake kiransa Aras . A cikin Farisanci da Kurdanci sunansa ارس ( Arasu ).
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana samun goyon bayan Aras ta hanyar rafin Kocagün, rafin Dallı da rafin Orman daga tsaunukan Bingöl a kan iyakokin gundumar Varto, waɗanda suka haɗu da shi a kusa da ƙauyen Kırıkhan na gundumar Tekman . [1] [2] Duwatsun Aras suna kewaye da shi daga kudu. [3] Aras suna haɗuwa da Kogin Akhuryan a kudu maso gabashin Digor . Daga Digor suna kwarara tare da iyakar Armenia da Turkiyya, sannan suna tafiya kusa da hanyar da ta haɗa Turkiyya da yankin Nakhchivan na Azerbaijan, kuma suna ci gaba tare da iyakar Iran-Armeniya da Iran-Azerbaijani. [4] Aras suna samun abinci daga manyan magudanan ruwa da dama, ciki har da Arpa Çayı (wanda aka fi sani da Akhuryan), wanda ke tattara ruwan daga Kogin Kars da Tafkin Çıldır da ke Turkiyya, Kogin Hrazdan, wanda ke kwarara zuwa Tafkin Sevan a Armenia, da kuma Qareh Sū, wanda ya samo asali daga Dutsen Sabalān a arewa maso gabashin Azerbaijan na Iran. [5]
Etymology da tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_Empire_1747_map.JPG)
_of_a_young_Kurdish_notable_with_his_advisor_and_his_tribe_while_passing_through_Aras_River.jpg)
A al'adar Armeniya, an sanya wa kogin suna ne bayan Arast, jikan jikan babban basaraken Armeniya Haik . Daga baya an mayar da sunan Hellenized zuwa Araxes kuma an yi amfani da shi ga al'adun Kura-Araxes, mutanen da suka yi fice a kwarurukan Kura da Aras. An kuma ambaci kogin a babi na ƙarshe na Aeneid VIII na Virgil, a matsayin "mai fushi da gadar," tun lokacin da Romawa suka gina gada a kansa don a ci shi da yaƙi. An danganta kogin Aras da kogunan Littafi Mai Tsarki Gihon da Pishon . Robert H. Hewsen ya bayyana Aras a matsayin "kogi na gaskiya" kawai na Armeniya kuma a matsayin "Uwar Araxes," alamar alfahari ga mutanen Armeniya.
A cewar wani tatsuniya da Strabo ya ambata, a zamanin da, kogin Araxes da ke Armenia ba shi da kwararar ruwa zuwa Tekun Caspian, amma ya bazu a fili kuma ya samar da tafki ba tare da kwararar ruwa ba. [6]
A shekara ta 589 a zamanin Sasanian, kogin ya kasance wurin yaƙi tsakanin Farisawa da Byzantines . A zamanin Musulunci, an san Araxes a cikin harshen Larabci da al-Rass (ba za a rikita shi da Ar Rass na zamani ba) kuma a cikin mahallin Perso-Turkiyya da Aras . [4]
A tarihin zamani, Aras ta sami mahimmanci a matsayin iyaka ta siyasa ta yanki. A ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar Gulistan da Yarjejeniyar Turkmenchay, an zaɓi kogin a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Daular Rasha da Qajar Iran, yayin da aka tilasta wa Rasha mika yankunan Caucasian nata. Saboda waɗannan canje-canjen kan iyaka na ƙarni na 19, wani tsari na zamani, wanda ba a yarda da shi sosai ba, ya jawo Kogin Aras a matsayin layin iyaka tsakanin Turai da Asiya . [7]
A tsakanin shekarun 1963-1970, Iran da Tarayyar Soviet sun gina madatsar ruwa ta Aras kusa da birnin Nakhchivan na Azerbaijan, inda suka samar da madatsar ruwa ta Aras. A tsakanin shekarun 1999-2008, Iran ta gina madatsar ruwa ta Khoda Afarin kusa da gadar Khudafarin mai tarihi, inda ta samar da madatsar ruwa ta Khoda Afarin, da kuma madatsar ruwa ta Giz Galasi 12 kilomita a ƙarƙashin kogin, suna ƙirƙirar madatsar ruwa ta Giz Galasi . Iran da Armenia suna shirin gina madatsar ruwa ta Meghri kusa da garin Meghri na Armenia. [8]
Kwarin Aras
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarar 2006, KuzeyDoğa, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Turkiyya don kare yanayi, ta kafa cibiyar bincike da ilimi ta tsuntsaye a kwarin Aras da ke ƙauyen Yukarı Çıyrıklı, a gundumar Tuzluca da ke Lardin Iğdır, Turkiyya. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin sauro biyu na tsuntsaye na Turkiyya da ke ci gaba da aiki kowace shekara. Tsakanin 2006 da 2021, an yi wa tsuntsaye sama da 145,000 na nau'ikan tsuntsaye 201 zobe, kuma an lura da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 306 a wannan tasha. Kashi sittin da uku cikin ɗari na nau'ikan tsuntsaye 489 da aka samu a Turkiyya an rubuta su a wannan dausayi, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ƙasa mafi wadata a gabashin Turkiyya ga tsuntsaye. Adadin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 306 da aka yi wa zobe da aka lura sun ƙunshi 90 Kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na nau'ikan tsuntsaye 340 a Lardin Iğdır, lardin Turkiyya mafi wadata a fannin tsuntsaye. An lura da sabbin nau'ikan tsuntsaye guda bakwai a lokacin ayyukan ƙarar tsuntsaye a shekarar 2012 kaɗai, ciki har da ɗan rago Shikra, ko Little Banded Goshawk ( Accipiter badius ), wanda sabo ne ga avifauna na Turkiyya.
Wani farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu a Jami'ar Utah kuma shugaban ƙungiyar KuzeyDoğa, Çağan Şekercioğlu, ya yi kira ga Ma'aikatar Kula da Daji da Ruwa da ta yi watsi da aikin Madatsar Ruwa ta Tuzluca, wanda zai lalata dausayin da ke ɗauke da namun daji na tsuntsaye a kwarin Aras. A shekarar 2013, ma'aikatar ta ba wurin matsayi mafi girma na kiyayewa (Yankin Kare Yanayi).
manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. Samfuri:Translit grc; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. hy; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. az; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. fa; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. ka; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. os; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
<ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found.
- ↑ "Erzurum Mülkî İdare İl Haritası" (PDF). harita.gov.tr. Harita Genel Müdürlüğü. p. 1.
- ↑ "Bingöl Dağları" (PDF). dogadernegi.org. Doğa Derneği. p. 1.
- ↑ "Aras Vadisi" (PDF). dogadernegi.org. Doğa Derneği. p. 1.
- 1 2 "Araxes River". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "IE" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Aras River | river, Asia | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ↑ "Strabo, Geography, Book 11, chapter 14". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
- ↑ "Caucasus". Archived from the original on 2020-05-04. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
- ↑ "News: Meghry Power Plant Kicks off". Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co. 17 November 2012. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.