Arethas na Kaisariya

Arethas na Kaisariya (Girkanci; c. 860 - c. 939) ya kasance Babban Bishop na Kaisariya Mazaca a Cappadocia (Kayseri na zamani, Turkiyya) a farkon karni na 10, kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masanan tauhidi na Ikilisiyar Orthodox ta Girka. Codex ɗin da ya samar, wanda ke dauke da sharhi an yaba da adana matani da yawa na dā, gami da na Plato da Marcus Aurelius' "Meditations".

Rayuwa

An haife shi a Patras (Girka ta zamani). Ya kasance almajirin Photius kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Constantinople . Ya zama Deacon na Patras a kusa da 900 kuma Nikolas na Constantinople ya sanya shi Archbishop na Kaisariya a cikin 903. Ya shiga cikin siyasar kotu sosai kuma ya kasance babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin gardama game da abin kunya da aka haifar lokacin da Sarkin sarakuna Leo VI ya yi ƙoƙari ya auri karo na huɗu bayan matansa uku na farko sun mutu kuma ya bar shi ba tare da magaji ba. Duk da shahararren Arethas a matsayin masanin, masanin Byzantine na ƙarni na 20 Romilly Jenkins bai yi tunanin shi ba a matsayin mutum. Lokacin da yake ba da cikakken bayani game da abin kunya, Jenkins ya bayyana Arethas a matsayin "...mai hankali, mai mummunan zuciya... mai ban sha'awa kuma ba shi da gaskiya..."

Ayyuka

Magana ta Arethas game da Lucian na Samosata daga Harley MS 5694, yana ambaton Meditations na Marcus Aurelius . Shi ne farkon nassoshi kai tsaye ga aikin.

Shi ne mai tarawa na sharhi na Helenanci (scholia) a kan Ru'ya ta Yohanna, wanda ya yi amfani da irin wannan aikin wanda ya riga shi, Andruwa na Kaisariya. Albert Ehrhard ya yarda da ra'ayin cewa ya rubuta wasu sharhi na nassi.

Codex dinsa na Arethas muhimmiyar tushe ce ga matani na kusan dukkanin masu neman gafara na Girka na ante-Nicene.[1] Marubutan Italiyanci da yawa sun kwafe wannan rubutun a cikin ƙarni na 11 zuwa 14 kuma daga ƙarshe an kai shi Paris, mai yiwuwa an samo shi a lokacin François I. [2][3] An sanya shi lamba 2271 a cikin lissafin 1682 da Parisinus graecus 451 a cikin ƙididdigar yanzu.[4] An fara buga shi a Verona a cikin 1532 a matsayin kari ga Pseudo-Oecumenian catena. [5][6] An kuma yi imanin cewa rubutun Stromata a Florence ya samo asali ne daga Arethas.

An kuma san shi da mai sharhi na Plato da Lucian; sanannen rubutun Plato (Codex Oxoniensis Clarkianus 39), Landan aka ɗauke shi daga Patmos zuwa London, an kwafe shi ta hanyar umarnin Arethas. Sauran mahimman rubuce-rubucen Helenanci, misali na Euclid, mai magana Aelius Aristides, kuma watakila na Diyo Chrysostom, an ba shi bashi. Karl Krumbacher ya jaddada sha'awarsa ga litattafan Girkanci na gargajiya da kuma asalin asalin tauhidin Kirista.

Ayyukan Arethas sun kuma ƙunshi tsoffin nassoshi da aka sani game da Meditations (an rubuta c. 175 AD) ta Sarkin sarakuna na Roma Marcus Aurelius . Arethas ya yarda da rike aikin da girmamawa sosai a cikin wasiƙu zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna na Byzantine Leo VI mai hikima da kuma maganganunsa ga Lucian da Dio Chrysostom. An yaba wa Arethas tare da sake gabatar da Meditations zuwa jawabin jama'a.