Arthur Rock
 Arthur Rock | |
|---|---|
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| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Rochester (mul)  , 19 ga Augusta, 1926 (100 shekaru) |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama | Toni Rembe (mul) |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta | Syracuse University (en) 1948) Bachelor of Arts (mul) Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard. 1951) Master of Business Administration (en) James Monroe High School (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | ɗan kasuwa, venture capitalist (en) da investor (en) |
| Mamba | American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) |
Arthur Rock (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1926) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai saka hannun jari na Amurka. Yana zaune a Silicon Valley, California, kuma ya fara saka hannun jari a manyan kamfanoni ciki har da Intel, Apple, Scientific Data Systems da Teledyne . [1]
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Rock kuma ya girma a Rochester, New York . Yaro ɗaya tilo ne kawai, mahaifinsa kuma yana da ƙaramin shagon alewa inda Rock ke aiki a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Ya shiga Rundunar Sojan Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu amma yaƙin ya ƙare kafin a tura shi aiki. [2] Daga nan ya tafi kwaleji bisa ga Dokar GI . [2] Ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na farko a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Syracuse a 1948 kuma ya sami digiri na MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard a 1951.
Sana'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rock ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1951 a matsayin mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro a birnin New York, sannan ya shiga sashen kuɗi na kamfanoni na Hayden, Stone & Company da ke New York, inda ya mayar da hankali kan tara kuɗi ga ƙananan kamfanonin fasaha masu tasowa. A shekarar 1957, lokacin da " masu cin amana takwas " suka bar ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na Shockley Semiconductor, Rock ne ya taimaka musu su sami wurin zuwa: ya shawo kan Sherman Fairchild ya fara Fairchild Semiconductor . [3]
A shekarar 1961, ya koma California. Tare da Thomas J. Davis Jr., ya kafa kamfanin jari na kamfanin Davis & Rock na San Francisco. [4]
A shekarar 1968, Robert Noyce, Gordon Moore, da wani ma'aikacin Fairchild mai suna Andy Grove, sun shirya don fara sabuwar kamfani, Intel . Noyce ya tuntuɓi abokinsa Rock, wanda ya saba yin yawo da sansani tare da shi. Rock ya bayyana yadda Intel ta fara:
Bob [Noyce] ya kira ni a waya. Mun daɗe muna abota.… Takardu? Babu komai. Sunan Noyce ya yi kyau. Mun fitar da ƙaramin zagaye mai shafi da rabi, amma na tara kuɗin tun kafin mutane su gan shi. [5]
An kafa Intel a Mountain View, California, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1968, ta hannun masanin kimiyyar sinadarai Gordon E. Moore (wanda aka fi sani da " Dokar Moore "), Robert Noyce, masanin kimiyyar lissafi kuma mai ƙirƙira da'irar haɗin gwiwa . Daga cikin ainihin hannun jari 500,000, Noyce yana da 245,000, Moore 245,000, da Rock 10,000; duk akan $1 a kowace hannun jari. Rock ya tara dala miliyan 2.5 na takardun bashi masu canzawa daga ƙungiyar masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu a cikin kwana ɗaya. [6] Rock ya zama shugaban Intel na farko. [7]
A shekarar 1978, Mike Markkula na Apple Computer ya haɗa Rock da Steve Jobs da Steve Wozniak . Rock ya sayi hannun jari 640,000 na Apple Computer kuma ya zama daraktan kamfanin na dogon lokaci. [6]
Zuba jari da jagorancin Rock sun taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da kuma gudanar da jerin kamfanonin kamfanoni, ciki har da Intel, Apple, Scientific Data Systems, Teledyne, Xerox, Argonaut Insurance, AirTouch, Nasdaq Stock Market, da Echelon Corporation . [8]
Babban jarin kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekarun 1950, haɗa yarjejeniyar jarin kamfani tare wataƙila ya buƙaci taimakon wasu ƙungiyoyi biyu ko uku don kammala cinikin. Kasuwanci ne da ke bunƙasa cikin sauri, kuma yayin da kasuwancin ke bunƙasa, cinikin ya bunƙasa sosai. Rock, ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na Silicon Valley a lokacin da yake haɓaka Fairchild Semiconductor sau da yawa ana yaba masa da gabatar da kalmar " mai jarin jari " wanda tun daga lokacin ya zama karɓuwa sosai. [6] [8]
Dokar Rock
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar Rock ko kuma dokar Moore ta biyu, wacce aka sanya wa suna saboda Arthur Rock da Gordon Moore, bi da bi, ta ce farashin masana'antar kera guntu ta semiconductor yana ninka sau biyu a kowace shekara huɗu. Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, farashin ya riga ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 20 na Amurka.
Ana iya ganin dokar Rock a matsayin wani ɓangare na tattalin arziki da ya canza dokar Moore (ta farko) - cewa adadin transistors a cikin da'irar haɗin gwiwa mai yawa yana ninka sau biyu a kowace shekara biyu. Na ƙarshen sakamakon ci gaba ne na ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antar semiconductor mai yawan jari - samfuran kirkire-kirkire da shahara suna nufin ƙarin riba, ma'ana ƙarin jari da ake da shi don saka hannun jari a cikin manyan matakan haɗin kai, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙirƙirar samfuran kirkire-kirkire.
Taimakon jama'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 2003, Rock ya ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 25 ga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard don kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Arthur Rock. Shi da matarsa Toni sun kafa Cibiyar Arthur & Toni Rembe Rock don Gudanar da Kamfanoni a Jami'ar Stanford . Mista Rock ya kasance tare da kafa kuma tsohon shugaban Asusun Basic wanda ke ba da tallafin karatu ga yaran cikin gari don halartar makarantu masu zaman kansu na K-8. Hakanan yana cikin kwamitin Teach for America and Children's Scholarship Fund kuma mai ba da tallafi ga KIPP [9]
Rock ya bayar da gudummawa ga manufofin siyasa da dama, musamman a fannin ilimi. Ya bayar da gudummawa ga zaɓɓukan hukumar makarantu sama da 30 a faɗin ƙasar. A shekarar 2021, ya bayar da gudummawar sama da dala 500,000 ga zaɓen sake zaɓen Hukumar Ilimi ta San Francisco na 2022. [10]
Kyaututtuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Nasarar 2007 a Jagorancin Kasuwanci, Kamfanoni, da Taimakon Jama'a na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka
- Shugaban Kasuwanci na Shekarar 2002, Ƙungiyar Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard ta Arewacin California [11]
- Kyautar Mai Hankali ta 2001, Dandalin Haɓaka Manhajoji [11]
- Zauren Shahararrun Kamfanonin Hannun Jari Masu Zaman Kansu na 1999 [11]
- Kyautar Nasara ta Rayuwa a Harkokin Kasuwanci da Kirkire-kirkire ta Jami'ar California ta 1999
- Kyautar Arents ta 1997 ta Jami'ar Syracuse [12]
- 1995 Zauren Shahararrun Kasuwanci na California
- Kyautar Zinare ta 1989 ta Kwalejin Nasara ta Amurka [13]
- Mai karɓar kyautar ɗan kasuwa na shekara ta EY a shekarar 1987, Yankin Arewacin California
- Lambar Nasara ta Ƙungiyar Lantarki ta Amurka
- Zauren Fitattun Matasa na Ci Gaba
- Zauren Shahararrun Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Bay Area
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yana auren lauya Toni Rembe. Tare da matarsa, Rock ya kasance mai goyon bayan Teach For America . An sanya wa ƙungiyar lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara ta Innovation Social Award don girmama su. [14]
Jarumi JK Simmons ne ya fito a cikin fim ɗin Rock a cikin fim ɗin tarihin rayuwa na 2013 mai suna Jobs .
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Nasarar Masu Zane-zane
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "HBS". - ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- 1 2 3 "Arthur Rock | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-06-02. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Arthur Rock | Encyclopedia.com" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- 1 2 School, Stanford Law (2023-01-05). "Legal Matters: Arthur Rock on the Early Venture Capital Decisions That Sparked Decades of Innovation". Stanford Law School (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-06-02. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "School" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- 1 2 3 David C. Brock, David C. Brock (2002-10-09). "Oral history interview with Arthur Rock". Archived from the original on 2022-11-30.
- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
- ↑ "Arthur Rock (MBA '51) - Alumni - Harvard Business School". December 1997. Archived from the original on 2019-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-02.