Arthur Schmidt (janar)
 Arthur Schmidt (janar) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Hamburg, 25 Oktoba 1895 |
| ƙasa | Jamus |
| Mutuwa | Karlsruhe, 5 Nuwamba, 1987 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Jamusanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | soja |
| Kyaututtuka | |
| Aikin soja | |
| Fannin soja |
infantry (en)  |
| Digiri |
Generalleutnant (en) |
| Ya faɗaci |
Yakin Duniya na I Yakin Duniya na II German invasion of the Netherlands (en) German invasion of Belgium (en) Battle of Stalingrad (en) |
[Soviet commanders] were increasingly convinced that Paulus was virtually a prisoner in his own headquarters, guarded by his chief of staff [Schmidt]. Dyatlenko had no doubt that Schmidt was "the eyes and hand of the Nazi Party" in the Sixth Army, because captured officers reported that "Schmidt was commanding the Army and even Paulus himself."[1]
Arthur Schmidt (25 ga Oktoba 1895 - 5 ga Nuwamba 1987) ya kasance jami'in soja na Jamus daga 1914 zuwa 1943. Ya kai matsayi Janar a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kuma an fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata Sojoji na shida a Yaƙin Stalingrad a cikin 1942-43, a lokacin matakai na ƙarshe wanda ya zama kwamandansa na zahiri, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da umarnin Hitler cewa ya tsaya tsayin daka duk da cewa Red Army ta kewaye shi. Ya kasance fursuna na yaki a Tarayyar Soviet na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu, kuma an sake shi bayan ziyarar shugaban Jamus ta Yamma Konrad Adenauer zuwa Moscow a shekarar 1955.
Yaƙin Duniya na I
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Schmidt ya shiga soja a matsayin mai sa kai na shekara guda a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1914, ya kai matsayin Leutnant a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1915.
Yaƙin Duniya na II
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Schmidt ya rike mukamai daban-daban a Heer, gami da shugaban ayyukan a Sojoji na Biyar (25 ga Agusta 1939 - 12 ga Oktoba 1939) da Sojoji na goma sha takwas (5 ga Nuwamba 1939 - 1 ga Oktoba 1940). A ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1940 ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata a cikin 5th Army Corps, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa 25 ga Maris 1942, lokacin da ya koma Führerreserve a Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH). [2] A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1942 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Jamus a cikin zinariya.
An nada Schmidt a matsayin shugaban ma'aikata ga Janar Friedrich Paulus a cikin Sojoji na shida a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1942, ya maye gurbin Colonel Ferdinand Heim bayan da aka kai hari kan Marshal Semyon Timoshenko a Yaƙin Kharkov na Biyu. Masanin tarihin Burtaniya kuma marubuci Antony Beevor ya ba da bayanin Schmidt mai zuwa:
[He was] a slim, sharp-featured and sharp-tongued staff officer from a Hamburg mercantile family. Schmidt, confident of his own abilities, put many backs up within Sixth Army headquarters, although he also had his supporters. Paulus relied greatly on his judgement, and as a result he played a large, some say an excessive, role in determining the course of events later that year.[3]
Kewaye da Sojoji na shida a Stalingrad
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da bayanan Lieutenant-Colonel Niemeyer na gaskiya da mummunan ra'ayi, Schmidt ya yi watsi da haɓaka da iyawar sojojin Soviet a Stalingrad bayan nasarar Axis ta farko, rashin nasarar da shi - ba kamar Paulus ba - daga baya bai yi ƙoƙari ya nemi gafara ba. Yin watsi da umarnin Hitler na 'Führer' na 30 Yuni 1942 cewa ƙungiyoyin Axis bai kamata su yi hulɗa da maƙwabtansu ba, Schmidt ya ba da izini ga wani jami'in daga Sojoji na shida, Lieutenant Gerhard Stöck, don a ba shi rediyo kuma ya haɗu da sojojin Romania a arewa maso yammacin Stalingrad don taimakawa tare da tattara bayanan sirri. An karɓi rahotanni da yawa na ƙarya game da tarin sojojin Soviet daga ɓangaren Romania, don haka lokacin da Stöck ya yi rediyo a karfe 5 na safe a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba cewa wani hari (wanda ke nuna farkon Operation <i id="mwVg">Uranus</i>, kewayewar Soviet na sojojin Axis) yana gab da farawa, Schmidt, wanda ya yi fushi lokacin da aka damu da ƙararrawar ƙarya, ba a sanar da shi ba, kodayake an farka shi minti ashirin bayan haka ya zama a bayyane cewa wannan ƙararrawar karya.