Ashraf Ali Thanwi

 

Ashraf Ali Thanwi (wanda ake kira Hakimul Ummat da Mujaddidul Millat; 19 ga watan Agustan 1863 - 20 ga watan Yulin 1943) masanin addinin Sunni ne na Indiya, lauya, mai tunani, mai gyarawa kuma mai farfado da Sufi na gargajiya a Yankin Indiya a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya. Ya kasance babban mutum na ruhaniya, ilimi da rayuwar addini a Kudancin Asiya kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa mai tasiri sosai a yau. Ya rubuta littattafai sama da dubu ciki har da Bayan Ul Alkur'ani da Bahishti Zewar . Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan Pakistan Movement .

Ya kammala karatu daga Darul Uloom Deoband a 1883 kuma ya koma Kanpur, sannan Thana Bhawan don jagorantar Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. Horar da shi a Alkur'ani, hadith, karatun fiqh da Sufism ya cancanci ya zama babban hukuma na Sunni tsakanin malaman Deoband. Koyarwarsa ta haɗu da addinin Sunni, abubuwan addinin Islama da tsarin shugabanci na al'umma. Ya ba da zane-zane na Al'ummar Musulmi wanda ke da haɗin kai, ubanni, matsayi da tausayi.

Ra'ayoyi da akidar

Thanwi ya kasance mai goyon bayan kungiyar musulmi[1]. Ya ci gaba da yin wasiku tare da jagorancin All India Muslim League (AIML), ciki har da Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Ya kuma aika da kungiyoyin malamai na musulmi domin yin nasiha da tunatarwa ga aljani[2]. Almajiransa Zafar Ahmad Usmani da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani sun kasance manyan masu taimakawa addini wajen samar da Pakistan[3]. A cikin shekarun 1940, yawancin Deobandi Ulama sun goyi bayan Congress amma Thanwi da wasu manyan malaman Deobandi ciki har da Muhammad Shafi da Shabbir Ahmad Usmani sun goyi bayan kungiyar musulmi.[4][5]. Thanwi ya yi murabus daga kwamitin gudanarwa na Darul Uloom Deoband saboda ra’ayinsa na goyon bayan Majalisa.[6] AIML ya yaba da goyon bayansa da kuma goyon bayan almajiransa ga Harkar Pakistan.[2]

Koyarwa da Ilimi

Bayan kammala karatunsa, tare da izinin mahaifinsa da malamai, ya tafi Kanpur kuma ya fara koyarwa a Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam . Shekaru goma sha huɗu, ya ci gaba da yada ilimi (faiz) a can. A cikin 1315 AH, ya bar Kanpur kuma ya koma gidan kakanninsa a Thana Bhawan . A can, ya farfado da Khanqah na Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki kuma ya kafa wata cibiyar ilimi mai suna Madrasa Ashrafiya, inda ya ba da kansa har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa ga koyarwa, tsarkakewa ta ruhaniya (tazkiya-e-nufoos), da sake fasalin zamantakewa.

Bayan dawowarsa, Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki ya aiko masa da wasika, wanda ya ce: "Ya fi kyau ka koma Thana Bhawan. Ina fatan mutane da yawa za su amfana daga gare ka, a waje da ciki. Za ka sake dawo da madrasa da masallacinmu. Ina addu'a a gare ka a kowane lokaci".

Tasiri da gado

Ya samar da kimanin masu horo 1000, wanda ya ba da izini ga Bay'ah kuma wadanda suka yada tasirin su na Thanwi. Daga cikinsu akwai: Sulaiman Nadvi, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Zafar Ahmad Usmani (Abdul Hai Arifi), Athar Ali Bengali, Shah Abdul Wahhab, Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri, Abrarul Haq Haqqi, Muhammadullah Hafezzi, Khair Muhammad Jalandhari, Masihullah Khan, Muhammad Shafi, Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri, Habibullah Qurayshi, Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi.

Muhammad Iqbal ya taɓa rubuta wa abokinsa cewa game da koyarwar Rumi, ya riƙe Thanwi a matsayin mafi girman ikon rayuwa.

Dubi kuma

• Tarihin Ashraf Ali Thanwi
• Ra'ayoyin siyasa na Ashraf Ali Thanwi
• Jerin Deobandis