Astrud Gilberto

Astrud Gilberto ( [asˈtɾud ʒiwˈbɛʁtu]; an haife ta Astrud Evangelina Weinert; 29 ga Maris, 1940 - 5 ga Yuni, 2023) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce ta Brazil da Amurka. Ita ce matar farko ta dan wasan Brazil mai suna João Gilberto, wanda ta ci samba da amfani da sunansa bayan kisan aurensu a shekarar 1964. Ta sami kulawa ta duniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 bayan gudummawar muryarta ga waƙar "The Girl from Ipanema", wanda aka ba ta Grammy a shekarar 1965. Astrud Gilberto ta ci gaba da zama sanannen mawaƙin bossa nova a Amurka da kuma duniya, ta kasancewar ta shahara musamman a Japan. Kodayake mafi kyawun sanannen aikinta ya kasance daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960 zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, tana da aikin waka sama da shekaru 30 kafin ta yi ritaya bayan fitowar kundi na karshe a 2002.ptptpt

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Astrud Gilberto Astrud Evangelina Weinert a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1940, a Salvador, Bahia . Tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na mahaifiyar Brazil, Evangelina Weinert (née Lobão), da kuma mahaifin baƙo na Jamus, Fritz Weinert . Sunan Astrud da 'yan uwanta Eda da Iduna sun samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyin Jamusanci. Mahaifinta malamin harshe ne kuma ta koyar da Jamusanci da Ingilishi, kuma ta zama mai iya magana da harsuna da yawa. Har ila yau, yana da karamin suna a matsayin mai zane. Mahaifiyarta ta buga kayan kida da yawa kuma ta tabbatar da cewa Astrud ta sami ilimi a fannin kiɗa. A shekara ta 1947, iyalin suka koma Rio de Janeiro, suna zaune a kan Avenida Atlântica a cikin gundumar Copacabana . A ƙarshen shekarunta, ta yi karatu a makarantar Colégio de Aplicação ta Rio..

A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar zamantakewar matasa na bohemian waɗanda suka zama sabon yanayin bossa nova a Rio. A shekara ta 1959, ta sadu da mawaƙin Brazil João Gilberto ta hanyar aboki, mawaƙi Nara Leão, kodayake wasu sassan labarin sun ce Ronaldo Bôscoli ne ya gabatar da João ga Astrud a gidan Leão, a cikin ƙoƙari na yin wasa. Ba ta sha'awar shi da farko ba, amma waƙarsa da burinta na zama mawaƙa sun rinjaye ta (ba tare da ambaton cewa mahaifiyar Astrud ta yi farin ciki ba, tana la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mawaƙa) kuma a farkon 1960 ta auri João. Ma'auratan sun zauna a wani gida a Rua Visconde de Pirajá a Ipanema, inda nan da nan suka jira haihuwar ɗansu João Marcelo (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960; cikakken suna João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira).

Astrud and João Gilberto frequently sang together at social gatherings, however, she had never performed on stage. Her debut public performance was at Brazil's watershed bossa nova music festival, A noite do amor, do sorriso e da flor (The Night of Love, the Smile, and the Flower), held on May 20, 1960. The festival took its name from João Gilberto's just-released album O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor, which in turn was taken from the lyrics of Antônio Carlos Jobim and Newton Mendonça's song "Meditação". The festival was held at the Faculdade de Arquitetura amphitheater (today the Teatro de Arena Carvalho Netto) on the UFRJ Praia Vermelha campus, and attracted an audience of 3000 people. The billing included numerous stars of the still-young bossa nova scene, with João Gilberto headlining. Astrud performed two songs alongside her husband, "Lamento" and "Brigas Nunca Mais", singing the lead vocals with João playing guitar and lending vocal harmonies. The performance was well received by the audience.

Yarinyar daga Ipanema

João Gilberto ya fara yawon shakatawa a Amurka a shekarar 1962. Wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na bossa nova a Carnegie Hall a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 1962 ya haifar da gayyatar João da Antônio Carlos Jobim don yin rikodin kundi tare da Stan Getz a Birnin New York don lakabin Verve. Astrud ya haɗu da João a wannan tafiya, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara, saboda bai yi magana da Turanci ba. An gudanar da zaman rikodin ne a ranar 18-19, 1963 . A rana ta biyu na rikodin, Norman Gimbel ya ba da furodusa Creed Taylor kalmomin harshen Ingilishi don "The Girl from Ipanema", fassarar fassarar kalmomin don waƙoƙin Jobim da Vinicius na Moraes "Garota de Ipanema". Bayan la'akari da kuma watsar da ra'ayin yin rikodin waƙar daban a matsayin abin hawa na Sarah Vaughan, Taylor ya amince da ra'ayinsa na ƙara muryoyin harshen Ingilishi zuwa rikodin tare da na Portuguese na João don inganta tallan sa ga masu sauraron Amurka.

Bayanan sun bambanta game da yadda aka zaba Astrud a matsayin mai ba da labari a kan "The Girl from Ipanema". An yarda cewa João bai iya raira waƙa a Turanci ba kuma Getz ba shi da sha'awar yin murya. A cewar Astrud Gilberto kansa, João ya ce yana da "mamaki" a gare ta a lokacin zaman a wannan rana, kuma daga baya ya sa ta raira waƙoƙin Turanci a lokacin karatun ranar farko, bayan haka Stan Getz ya yarda da ƙwazo da sa ta raita a rikodin. Koyaya, bisa ga labarin da masanin tarihin bossa nova Ruy Castro ya bayar, ra'ayin shine Astrud, tare da João da farko yana jinkirin shi, amma ya wartsake ra'ayin bayan ya ji ta rera kalmomin. Sauran asusun suna da'awar Getz ko Taylor suna da ra'ayin sa Astrud ta raira waƙa, wani lokacin tare da ƙarin da'awar cewa sun "gano" ta. Da zarar an rubuta waƙar, Taylor da Getz sun sami faɗar Astrud mai faɗakarwa da ɗan sauti don dacewa da taken waƙar daidai, tare da Getz da gaske yana gaya wa Astrud, "Wannan waƙar za ta sa ka shahara".

Dangane da nasarar wannan rikodin, Taylor ya kuma sa Astrud ya raira waƙar Turanci a kan ƙarin waƙa, "Corcovado". Duk da jin daɗin kundin da suka yi rikodin, Taylor, ganin tarin sabbin kundin bossa nova a kasuwar Amurka, ya jinkirta fitar da kundin. A ƙarshe za a sake shi shekara guda bayan an rubuta shi, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1964, a ƙarƙashin taken Getz / Gilbert .

A cikin ɗan lokaci tsakanin rikodin da sakin kundin, auren Astrud da João ya fara raguwa. Bayan ta bi mijinta don wani ɓangare na yawon shakatawa na Turai a lokacin rani na 1963, ta koma Rio ita kaɗai a watan Oktoba. João, wanda ke fama da rauni a kafaɗarsa ta dama wanda ke sa ya zama da wuya a kunna guitar, ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris don tuntuɓar mai ba da magani a can. Yayinda yake a Paris, ya fara aiki tare da Heloísa Buarque (wanda aka sani da Miúcha), dalibi ne na Brazil kuma wani lokacin mawaƙi ne sannan yake zaune a Faransa. Da farko ya hayar Buarque a matsayin sakatarensa, ba da daɗewa ba shigarsu ta zama cikakkiyar al'amari, wanda ya haifar da rabuwa da ma'auratan.

Getz/Gilberto was released in March 1964, a year after it had been recorded, and was a major contributor to the already growing-popularity of bossa nova beyond Brazil. The production was financially successful for Stan Getz and João Gilberto: Getz made enough to buy a 20-room house, and João received $23,000 (about $240,000 in 2025 dollars) as his first royalties after the release in early 1964. However, Gene Lees relates in his memoir that Getz contacted producer Creed Taylor and demanded that Astrud was to be paid no royalties. She reportedly received a flat payment $120 for the recording (about $1250 in 2025 dollars), which was the usual fee for musicians for an evening's performance at the time. Astrud Gilberto, is mentioned by name only in the cover text, but not listed among the musicians.

Tafiya tare da Stan Getz da ƙarshen aure

Stan Getz da Astrud Gilberto, 1964

Stan Getz ya yi farin ciki game da rawar da ta taka a kan Getz / Gilbert kuma ya tambaye ta ta raira waƙa ga ƙungiyarsa. Ta koma Amurka, kamar yadda zai zama, har abada. Da farko an hayar ta don bayyana tare da Getz don yin aiki na makonni biyu a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Carter Barron a Washington, DC, an tsawaita wasan kwaikwayon zuwa aikin watanni shida wanda ta yi tafiya sosai tare da Getza har zuwa 1964.[1] An saki kundin rayuwa daga yawon shakatawa, Getz Au Go Go, a wannan shekarar, tare da Gilberto yana ba da gudummawa ga yawancin waƙoƙi. Gilberto da Getz sun kuma fito da kiɗa a wannan shekarar a fina-finai biyu, fim din rairayin bakin teku Get Yourself a College Girl da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na talabijin The Hanged Man .