Asusun Kare Hakkin 'Yan asalin Amurka
 Asusun Kare Hakkin 'Yan asalin Amurka | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Gajeren suna | NARF |
| Iri |
non-governmental organization (en)  , nonprofit organization (en) da Native American organization (en) |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Aiki | |
| Mamba na |
Alliance for Justice (en) , Independent Sector (en) da Native Ways Federation (en) |
| Mulki | |
| Hedkwata | Boulder |
| Tsari a hukumance |
501(c)(3) organization (en) |
| Financial data | |
| Assets | 64,723,035 $ (2022) |
| Haraji | 30,764,589 $ (2017) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 1970 |
| Wanda ya samar | |
   | |
Asusun 'Yancin' yan asalin Amurka (NARF) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ke zaune a Boulder, Colorado, wacce ke amfani da dokoki da yarjejeniyoyi da ke akwai don tabbatar da cewa gwamnatocin jihohin Amurka da Gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka sun cika wajibai na doka. NARF kuma "tana ba da wakilci na shari'a da taimakon fasaha ga kabilun Indiya, kungiyoyi da mutane a duk fadin kasar".[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Asusun 'yancin' yan asalin Amurka ya fara ne a matsayin aikin matukin jirgi a karkashin Ayyukan Shari'a na Indiya a Berkeley, sannan ya juya ya koma Boulder a shekarar 1971. David Getches shi ne Babban Darakta wanda ya kafa tare da John Echohawk (Pawnee) wanda ya karbi ragamar a shekarar 1973. [2] Lauyan Charles Wilkinson ya shiga a shekarar 1971.[3][4] Echohawk yana aiki a matsayin babban darektan. NARF tana karkashin jagorancin kwamitin masu sa kai na daraktoci wanda ya kunshi 'yan asalin Amurka goma sha uku daga kabilun daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar tare da ƙwarewa iri-iri a cikin al'amuran Indiya. Ma'aikatan lauyoyi goma sha biyar suna kula da manyan shari'o'i kusan hamsin a kowane lokaci, tare da yawancin shari'o-tafiye suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don warwarewa. Ana karɓar shari'o'i bisa ga faɗin su da mahimmancin su wajen saita abubuwan da suka gabata da kuma kafa muhimman ka'idojin dokar Indiya.[1]
A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2001, shugabannin kabilun sun hadu a Washington, DC, kuma sun kafa Shirin Kotun Koli na kabilanci a kokarin "ƙarfafa fafutukar kabilanci kafin Kotun Kolai ta Amurka ta hanyar bunkasa sabbin dabarun shari'a da daidaita albarkatun shari'ar kabilun kabilun. " Babban burin shine inganta rikodin nasara-hasarar kabilun Indiya a cikin shari'ar Kotun Kofi. Aikin yana da ma'aikata daga lauyoyi daga NARF da National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) kuma ya ƙunshi Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata sama da lauyoyi 200 da malamai daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin dokar Indiya da sauran fannoni na doka waɗanda ke tasiri ga shari'o'in Indiya, gami da dokar dukiya, dokar amincewa da aikin Kotun Koli. Bugu da kari, kwamitin ba da shawara na shugabannin kabilanci yana taimakawa aikin ta hanyar samar da hangen nesa na siyasa da kabilanci ga ƙwarewar shari'a da ilimi.
Shirin Kotun Koli na Ƙabilar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shirin Kotun Koli na Ƙabilar yana yin haka:
- Tare da National Indian Law Library (NILL), yana sa ido kan shari'o'in shari'ar Indiya a cikin jihohi da kotunan daukaka kara na tarayya waɗanda ke da damar isa Kotun Koli (NILL Indian Law Bulletins)
- Yana riƙe da ajiyar kan layi na taƙaitaccen ra'ayoyi a duk shari'o'in shari'ar Indiya da aka gabatar tare da Kotun Koli ta Amurka da kuma shari'oʼin da ake saka idanu a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka da Kotun Kotun Kolai (Takardu na Kotun)
- Shirya Sabuntawar Bayani na Shari'o'i wanda ke ba da bayyani game da shari'o'in shari'ar Indiya da ke jiran Kotun Koli ta Amurka, shari'oʼin da ake saka idanu da aikin da ake yi a yanzu ta hanyar Shirin
- Yana ba da taimako ga shugabannin kabilun da lauyoyin su don sanin ko za su gabatar da takardar neman takardar shaidar zuwa Kotun Koli ta Amurka a lokuta inda suka rasa a kotun da ke ƙasa
- Yana ba da taimako ga lauyoyi da ke wakiltar kabilun Indiya don shirya taƙaitaccen adawa a matakin ƙarar a cikin shari'o'in da suka ci nasara a kotun da ke ƙasa
- Yana daidaita cibiyar sadarwa ta Amicus Brief kuma yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa dabarun shari'a a duka Mataki na Petition da Mataki na Merits don tabbatar da cewa taƙaitaccen bayani yana karɓar babban kulawa daga Alkalai
- Lokacin da ya dace, ya shirya kuma ya miƙa Amicus Briefs a madadin kabilun Indiya da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙabilar
- Yana ba da wasu taƙaitaccen taimako na rubuce-rubuce, gami da sake dubawa da gyaran manyan taƙaitacciyar bayanai, da kuma aiwatar da ƙarin bincike na shari'a
- Yana daidaitawa kuma yana gudanar da Kotun Moot da damar Roundtable ga lauyoyi waɗanda ke gabatar da Magana ta Magana a gaban Kotun
- Yana gudanar da kiran taron kuma yana inganta tattaunawar kwamitin tsakanin lauyoyi a duk fadin kasar game da shari'o'in shari'ar Indiya da ke jiran kuma, idan ya cancanta, yana samar da kananan kungiyoyin aiki don tsara dabarun kan takamaiman batutuwa.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ɗaya daga cikin shari'o'in farko na NARF ya haifar da Hukuncin Boldt na 1974, wanda Alkalin gundumar Amurka ya yanke hukuncin cewa Jihar Washington dole ne ta tabbatar da haƙƙin yarjejeniyar kabilanci, musamman haƙƙin kamun kifi.
NARF ta wakilci 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin shari'ar, Cobell v. Salazar, wanda Elouise Cobell (Blackfeet) ya fara a kan rashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Amurka game da kudaden amincewa. Tarihin shekaru 13 ya haifar da sasantawa na dala biliyan 3.4.
NARF tana buga wallafe-wallafen da suka shafi haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka. A halin yanzu suna buga littafi game da dokar aiki ta kabilanci.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "About Us". Native American Rights Fund (in Turanci). 2023-07-28. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
In 1970 with funding from the Ford Foundation, California Indian Legal Services — one of the federally-funded legal services programs serving California Indians – implemented a pilot project to provide legal services to Indians on a national level. That project became known as the Native American Rights Fund. In 1971, the Native American Rights Fund separated from California Indian Legal Services and relocated to Boulder, Colorado, to be more centrally located.
- ↑ "Native American Rights Fund Annual Report 2011" (PDF).
In 1970, he became the founding Executive Director for the Native American Rights Fund in Berkeley, California and later relocated to Boulder, Colorado in 1971. He served as Executive Director until 1973 when he turned the position over to John Echohawk and became Deputy Director for one year. He served as staff attorney until 1976 when he went into private practice. In 1978, he joined the University of Colorado Law School faculty and taught Indian law, environmental law, water law, and public land law. In 2003, he became the Dean of the Law School.
- ↑ Mullane, Shannon (2023-06-13). "Charles Wilkinson, CU professor who advocated for key land and water rights for Native American tribes, has died". The Colorado Sun (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
Charles Wilkinson was a force in natural resources law, a tribal advocate and an inspiring figure for generations of Colorado law students... began his legal career in the 1960s and became one of the foremost national experts on tribal affairs and environmental issues in the West... joining the Native American Rights Fund in 1971. The newly formed nonprofit put its roots down in Boulder... Colorado Attorney General Phil Weiser, who worked with Wilkinson at the University of Colorado Law School. "He was a role model -- for anyone who was a law teacher...
- ↑ "IN MEMORIAM: Charles Wilkinson - A Trailblazer for Justice, the Earth, and American Indian Law". Colorado Law (in Turanci). 2023-06-12. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
In 1971, he joined the newly formed Native American Rights Fund in Boulder, Colorado as a staff attorney, helping to shape the organization’s pathbreaking advocacy for Tribes. Together with the late Dean David Getches, Professor Richard Collins, and NARF Executive Director John Echohawk, Wilkinson helped to secure landmark victories in tribal treaty rights litigation and establish a relationship between Colorado Law and NARF that endures to this day.