Aurelia Correia
 Aurelia Correia | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 1800s |
| Mutuwa | 1870s |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
slave trader (en)  |
| Wurin aiki | Afirka ta Yamma |
Dona Aurelia Correia (ya mutu a kusa da 1875), wanda aka fi sani da Mae Aurelia, Mame Correia Aurelia da Madame Oralia,[1] 'yar kasuwar bawa ce ta Turai da Afirka. An kira ta "Sarauniyar Orango" ta Portuguese da Luso-Afirkawa.[2] Aurelia, mai cinikin bayi daga Yammacin Afirka, an yi imanin cewa an haife ta ne daga wata dangantaka mai yiwuwa tsakanin wani dan kasuwa daga Cape Verde da wata mace ta yankin.[3] Ta kasance babban mutum a rayuwar kasuwanci ta Guinea-Bissau a farkon rabin karni na 19. An dauke ta a matsayin mafi shahara daga cikin al'ummar nhara na yankin, Portuguese sun dauke ta a kasada mai muhimmanci a cikin al'umma kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin mace mai iko a cikin al-adun Afirka. Ita ce 'yar jariri kuma mai yiwuwa 'yar uwar Julia da Silva Cardoso, kuma matar ɗan kasuwa Caetano José Nozolini (1800-1850), gwamnan Portugal na Cape Verde. A gefen mahaifiyarta Correia ta fito ne daga Bijagó, iyakar da ke mulki a tsibirin Orango, mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci a cikin tsibirin Guinea.[4]
Tsakanin Tsakanin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Correia tana da kyau a kasuwanci kuma tana da tasiri. Dukkanin shugabannin gida da gwamnatin Portugal galibi suna neman taimako. Ta yi aiki a matsayin diflomasiyya da matsakanci tsakanin Portuguese da 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kuma tsakanin Portuguese na Burtaniya, kuma, saboda haka, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta siyasa a yankin.
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dukansu Portuguese da mutanen yankin suna so su ji lafiya, don haka sun juya ga shugabannin da ke da iko. A Bissau, tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1820, manyan mutane kamar Mãe Aurélia, Caetano Nozolini, da Mãe Julia suna da tasiri sosai. Kowane mutum a cikin al'ummar kasuwanci har ma da kwamandan praça ya amince da ikonsu.
Canjin Kasuwanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don samar da kyakkyawar fahimta, nasarar maye gurbin Mattos da Mãe Aurélia da Nozolini yana nuna canji daga haɗin Portuguese-Afirka zuwa Cape Verdean-Afirika a Bissau. Wannan canjin ya ci gaba har zuwa kusan 1450, yana nuna farkon zamanin mulkin mallaka. Har zuwa shekarun 1880, 'yan kasuwa na Cape Verde da Luso-Afirka sun fuskanci gasar farko ba daga abokan hamayyar Portugal ba amma daga bukatun kasuwanci na Faransa da ke Senegal. Farawa daga shekarun 1830, 'yan kasuwa na Faransa, Franco-Afirka, da Senegalese sun fara fadada kasancewarsu zuwa yankin kasuwanci na Bissau, wanda ya ƙunshi kogin Geba da Grande da tsibirin Bissagos. Ƙarin tasirin su ya bayyana ta hanyar haɗin aure wanda ya shafi 'ya'yan Mãe Aurélia, Nozolini, da sauran iyalai na Luso-Afirka a Cacheu, Ziguinchor, da sauran yankuna na yankin Guinea-Bissau.
Samun iko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mãe Aurélia da hauhawar Nozolini zuwa mulki za a iya gano su zuwa tashin hankali na Mayu 1826 na garuruwan praça. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1825, Kyaftin Domingos Alves de Abreu Picaluga, wani sabon jami'in sojojin Portugal zuwa Guinea, ya maye gurbin Mattos a matsayin kwamandan praça. Lokacin da sojoji suka tayar da kayar baya a watan Mayu, Mattos ya tafi Bissau. 'Yan tawaye, karkashin jagorancin jami'ai da yawa da kuma malamin, an kashe su tare da taimakon jirgin yaki na Burtaniya, amma Nozolini ne, wanda ke jagorantar ƙungiyar 'yan takarda sittin, waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen maido da tsari. Daga baya, an cire Picaluga daga umurninsa, kuma Mattos ya dawo na ɗan lokaci don daidaita halin da ake ciki kafin ya ba da umurni a 1827 ga wani jami'in Portuguese, Kyaftin Luiz António Bastos . Koyaya, ba Bastos ko magajinsa ba, mataimakin sojan ruwa Francisco José Muacho, ba za su iya amfani da matakin iko iri ɗaya kamar yadda Mattos ya yi ba. Ya zama bayyananne cewa a wannan lokacin, Nozolini da Mãe Aurélia sun karfafa matsayinsu a matsayin manyan 'yan kasuwa a Bissau. Ta kasance co-manager na kamfanin kasuwanci mai yawa Nozolini Jr. & Co.. Da farko ta kasance mai cinikin bayi, kuma a hankali ta sauya zuwa shuka shuke-shuke tare da aikin bayi lokacin da cinikin bayi na Afirka ta Yamma ya fara raguwa a cikin shekarun 1830. Ta fitar da man shanu zuwa Faransa ta hanyar Gorée, ta gabatar da noman man shanu a sassa da yawa na Guinea kuma ta zama babbar man shanu a Guinea.
Cibiyar Ciniki tare da Tashoshin Jirgin Ruwa na Faransa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Correia ta gudanar da masana'antar kuma ta kula da noma na amfanin gona kamar peanuts, shinkafa, da masara, ta hanyar amfani da aikin bawa. An fitar da albasa da aka girbe zuwa Marseille ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa a bakin tekun Senegal, kamar Gorée da Saint-Louis. Kamfanonin kasuwanci na Faransa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari, suna ba manoma bashi da tsaba don musayar amfanin gonar da suka girbe.
Matsayin Jima'i a Tattalin Arziki na Bijago
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shinkafa tana aiki ne a matsayin babban tushen abinci a cikin tattalin arzikin Bijago. Yayinda maza ke shirya filayen, mata suna kula da tsari mai tsanani na watanni takwas na noma da girbi. Maza suna mai da hankali kan ayyuka kamar girbi ruwan inabi da man dabino, kamun kifi, da farauta, kodayake farauta ta ragu saboda raguwar wadatar wasan. An ba da shawarar cewa a baya, a lokacin da maza ke shiga yaƙi, mata na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ta tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Yayinda gudummawar maza daga kamun kifi, farauta, da tattarawa suka ragu a lokacin rikice-rikice, rawar da mata ke takawa a noman shinkafa da sauran samar da abinci ya zama mafi mahimmanci, musamman a lokacin karancin lokacin da aka hana musayar tsibirin da cinikin ƙasa.
Faɗakarwa da Tasiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A tsakiyar shekarun 1840, Correia ta sake fadada gonar a Bolama, ta sa ta zama mafi girma a yankin. Nasararta ta ja hankalin wasu 'yan kasuwa daga Bissau, wadanda suka kafa masana'antun bayi da gonakin man shanu a can. A ƙarshen shekarun 1850, kafofin Burtaniya sun kira ta "Madame Oralia," mai mallakar babban gida da kusan bayi ɗari uku suka yi aiki, tare da manyan shagunan. Yin amfani da alakarta ta kusa da Bijagós da sauran al'ummomin Afirka, ta zauna a bakin arewacin Rio Grande, kusa da Bolama, inda bunkasa noma ya haifar da karuwar yawan shuke-shuke ko "pontas" (kimanin arba'in a ƙarshen 1850s), wanda aka noma ta amfani da bawa da aikin kwangila.
Amfani da aikin bayi ya haifar da rikice-rikice tsakanin ita da Squadron na Yammacin Afirka na Burtaniya, wanda ya kafa gonakin ta a Bolama a 1839, da kuma Freetown, wanda ya kore ta daga Bolama a 1860; a cikin shekarun 1850, ta mallaki kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan bayi a Guinea. Takardun Portuguese sun tabbatar da cewa daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19, an san mutanen Bijago a matsayin masu kai hari masu tsananin gaske waɗanda suka yi tafiya sosai kuma ana tsoron su sosai. Sun kama mutane da yawa, waɗanda aka sayar da su ga masu sayar da bayi na Turai. Har yanzu muna buƙatar nazarin yadda yankunan Mattos da Mãe Aurélia na kula da kasuwanci suka dace da rarrabuwar siyasa ko zamantakewa a cikin al'ummar Bijago.
Matan Afirka a matsayin Masu Fassara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin da Turawa suka isa, ba su fahimci al'adun Afirka ba, kamar harshe. Don haka, matan Afirka sun zama da muhimmanci sosai ga Turawa. Sun taimaka ta hanyar fassara harsuna da al'adu da kuma aiki tare a kasuwanci.[1] Matan Afirka sun fi yawan waɗannan yanayi ba kawai don kansu ba har ma da danginsu maza. A sakamakon haka, sun fara taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin matsakanci a kasuwanci da kuma matsakanci tsakanin al'ummomin Afirka da 'yan kasuwa na Turai. Har ila yau, 'ya'yansu na zuriyar Afirka da Turai, mata da maza ne suka yi wannan rawar. A tsakiyar shekarun 1850, kamfanin ya tara bayi sama da 430, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk bayi da aka rubuta a Bissau a 1856. Koyaya, kamfanin ya fara raguwa sannu a hankali kuma daga ƙarshe ya rushe a cikin shekarun 1860 saboda basussuka da rashin jituwa game da gado tsakanin mambobi daban-daban na iyalai na kasuwanci na Correia da Nozolini. A wannan lokacin, cinikin bayi na transatlantic daga gabar tekun Guinea ya kusan tsaya.
Kyautar Aurélia Correia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamfanonin kasuwanci na Faransa galibi sun mallaki cinikin man shanu a Senegambia. Aurélia Correia mai yiwuwa ta mutu a tsakiyar shekarun 1870. Ko da bayan mutuwarta, ta zama alama, musamman a cikin asusun Portuguese, don adana kasancewar Portuguese a yankin da ake so daga Faransa da Birtaniya. Ta kuma ci gaba da samun suna a cikin gida a matsayin mai cinikin launin fata mai cin nasara sosai, sunan da ake ci gaba da tunawa da shi a cikin labarun gida a yau.
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Philip J. Havik, Silences and Soundbites: The Gendered Dynamics of Trade and Brokerage in the ...
- ↑ Robertson, Claire C.; Klein, Martin A., eds. (1997). Women and Slavery in Africa (in Turanci). Pearson Education. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-435-07417-3.
- ↑ Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2012-01-01). Dictionary of African Biography (in Turanci) (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.
- ↑ Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2012-01-01). Dictionary of African Biography (in Turanci) (1 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5.