Avijit Roy
 Avijit Roy | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Bangladash, 12 Satumba 1972 |
| ƙasa |
Bangladash Tarayyar Amurka |
| Harshen uwa | Bangla |
| Mutuwa | Dhaka, 26 ga Faburairu, 2015 |
| Yanayin mutuwa | kisan kai |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Ajoy Roy |
| Abokiyar zama |
Bonya Ahmed (en)  |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (en) |
| Harsuna | Bangla |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
marubuci, blogger (en) , gwagwarmaya, biomedical engineer (en) da mechanical engineer (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | mulhidanci |
Avijit Roy (Bengali: অভিজিৎ রায়; 12 September 1972 – 26 February 2015) injiniyan Ba-Amurke ɗan Bangladesh ne, ɗan gwagwarmayar kan layi, marubuci, kuma mawallafi da aka sani don ƙirƙira da gudanar da Mukto-Mona, al'umman rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo don masu ra'ayin 'yanci na Bangladeshi, masu ra'ayin ra'ayi, masu shakka, waɗanda basu yarda da Allah ba, da 'yan adamtaka. Roy ya kasance mai ba da ra'ayin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki a Bangladesh kuma ya hada zanga-zangar kasa da kasa don nuna adawa da cece-kucen gwamnati da daure masu rubutun ra'ayin addini. Wasu mahara dauke da adduna ne suka kashe shi a birnin Dhaka na kasar Bangladesh a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun 2015; Kungiyar ta'addanci ta Ansarullah Bangla Team ta dauki alhakin kai harin.
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Avijit Roy ɗan Ajoy Roy ne, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Dhaka, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Ekushey Padak . Avijit ya sami digiri na farko a fannin injiniya daga BUET, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin aikin injiniya na kiwon lafiya daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Singapore.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2006, ya koma Atlanta, Georgia, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan software.
Mukto-Mona
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Roy shine wanda ya kafa [1] shafin yanar gizon Bangladesh Mukto-Mona, wanda aka zaba don kyautar The Bobs (Mafi kyawun Blogs) a cikin Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Yanar Gizo na Yanar Gida. [2] Da farko kungiya ce ta Yahoo! a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2001, amma ta zama shafin yanar gizo a shekara ta 2002.[3]
Roy ya bayyana rubuce-rubucensa a matsayin "taboo" a Bangladesh.[4] Ya sami barazanar mutuwa daga masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi saboda labaransa da littattafansa.[5] Rokomari.com, wani shafin yanar gizo na e-commerce na Bangladesh, ya daina sayar da littattafan Roy bayan mai shi ya sami barazanar mutuwa daga masu Islama. [6]
zanga-zangar da bayar da shawarwari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Muna nufin gina al'umma wanda ba za a ɗaure ta da ƙa'idodin iko na son rai ba, camfi mai daɗi, tauye al'ada, ko ɗabi'ar ɗabi'a amma gwamma ta dogara da hankali, tausayi, ɗan adam, daidaito, da kimiyya.
— Avijit Roy[7]
Wata kungiya ta Bangladesh, Blogger da Online Activist Network (BOAN), sun fara zanga-zangar Shahbag ta 2013 wacce ta nemi hukuncin kisa ga shugaban Islama da mai aikata laifukan yaki Abdul Quader Molla, da kuma cire Jamaat-e-Islami daga siyasa. Kungiyoyin Islama sun amsa ta hanyar shirya zanga-zangar da ke kira ga a kashe "masu rubutun ra'ayin Allah" da ake zargi da zagi Islama da kuma gabatar da Dokar saɓo. Yawancin masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo wadanda suka goyi bayan zanga-zangar Shahbag sun kai hari, kuma kungiyoyin Islama sun kashe Ahmed Rajib Haider a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2013. Wata daya kafin zanga-zangar, matasa hudu da Anwar Al-Awlaki ya rinjaye su a waje da gidansa, kuma Sunnyur Rahman, wanda aka fi sani da Nastik Nobi ("Annabi mai musun wanzuwar Allah"), an yi masa wuka a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013.
Asif Mohiuddin, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta BOBs don gwagwarmayar kan layi, ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen Islama wanda ya hada da farfesa a fannin zamantakewa Shafiul Islam.[8] Hukumar Kula da Sadarwar Sadarwar Bangladesh ta rufe shafin yanar gizonsa, kuma an daure shi saboda ya wallafa "magana mai banƙyama game da Islama da Muhammadu". [9] Gwamnatin duniya ta kama wasu masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da yawa, kuma ta toshe kusan shafukan yanar gizo da shafukan yanar gizo goma sha biyu kuma ta ba da kariya ga 'yan sanda ga wasu masu rubutun labarai.
Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, ciki har da Human Rights Watch, [10] Amnesty International, [11] Reporters Without Borders [12] da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida [13] sun yi Allah wadai da ɗaurin masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da yanayin tsoro ga' yan jarida.
Roy ya rubuta cewa ya yi fushi da cewa kafofin watsa labarai na Bangladesh sun nuna matasa masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a matsayin "masu cin amana a idon jama'a" [1] kuma ya rubuta wa kafofin watsa labarai da Yammacin Turai, Cibiyar Bincike, [1] da Ƙungiyar Humanist da Ethical Union [14] don tallafi. Roy ya ci gaba da daidaita zanga-zangar kasa da kasa a Dhaka, Birnin New York, Washington, DC, London, Ottawa, da sauran biranen don tallafawa masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da aka tsare.[15] Marubutan, masu gwagwarmaya, da fitattun masu ra'ayin addini da masu ilimi a duniya sun haɗu da shi ciki har da Salman Rushdie, Taslima Nasrin, Hemant Mehta, Maryam Namazie, PZ Myers, Anu Muhammad, Ajoy Roy, Qayyum Chowdhury, Ramendu Majumdar da Muhammad Zafar Iqbal a fili suna nuna hadin kai ga masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo da aka kama.[15]
Kisan kai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2015, Roy ya tafi Dhaka tare da matarsa Bonya Ahmed a lokacin Ekushey Book Fair . A yammacin ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, shi da Bonya suna dawowa gida daga baje kolin ta hanyar keken keke. Da misalin karfe 8:30 na yamma, an kai musu hari a kusa da Cibiyar Malami da Dalibai ta Jami'ar Dhaka ta hanyar masu kai farmaki da ba a san su ba. A cewar shaidu, maharan biyu sun tsaya kuma sun ja su daga rickshaw zuwa hanya kafin su buge su da machetes.[16] An buge Roy kuma an yi masa wuka da makamai masu kaifi a kai. An yanke matarsa a kafaɗarta, kuma an yanke yatsun hannunta na hagu. Dukansu biyu an garzaya da su zuwa Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya na Dhaka, inda aka bayyana Roy ya mutu a kusa da 10:30 na yamma.[4] Ahmed ya tsira. A wata hira da BBC's Newshour, ta ce 'yan sanda sun tsaya kusa lokacin da aka kai musu hari amma ba su yi aiki ba.
A cikin wani sakon Twitter a ranar da ya mutu, wata kungiya ta Islama da ake kira Ansar Bangla-7 ta dauki alhakin kisan. An ce Ansar Bangla-7 kungiya ce kamar Kungiyar Ansarullah Bangla . Mahaifin Roy ya gabatar da karar kisan kai ba tare da sunayen wadanda ake zargi ba a Shahbagh a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2015. Majiyoyin 'yan sanda sun bayyana cewa suna binciken wata kungiya ta Islama ta yankin da ta yaba da kisan.
An ajiye gawar Avijit ne a Aparajeyo Bangla a gaban Faculty of Arts a Jami'ar Dhaka a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2015, inda mutane daga sassa daban-daban na rayuwa, ciki har da abokansa, dangi, mashawarta, malamai, da dalibai, suka taru da furanni don girmama marubucin. Kamar yadda Roy ya so, an mika jikinsa ga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Dhaka don binciken likita.
A ranar 6 ga Maris, 2015, wata tawaga mai mutane hudu daga Hukumar Bincike ta Tarayya (FBI), tare da mambobin reshen ‘yan sandan Bangladesh, sun duba wurin da aka kashe Roy. Wakilan FBI sun tattara shaidu daga wurin kuma sun dauki faifan don taimakawa wajen gudanar da bincike.
A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2015, shugaban Al-Qaeda a yankin Indiya (AQIS) ya dauki alhakin kisan Roy da kuma mutuwar wasu "masu sabo" a Bangladesh a wani rahoto da kungiyar SITE Intelligence Group ta buga.
Kaddamarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, rundunar Rapid Action Battalion ta kama Farabi Shafiur Rahman, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama. An yi imanin cewa Farabi ya raba bayanan sirri na Roy, gami da wurin, tare da maharan. Rahman ya yi wa Roy barazana sau da yawa ta hanyar shafukan yanar gizo da shafukan sada zumunta ciki har da Facebook, kuma ya ce za a kashe Roy lokacin da ya isa Dhaka.
Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta yanke shawarar neman taimako daga FBI don bincikar kisan Roy. An dauki matakin ne biyo bayan tayin da Amurka tayi.
A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2015, an kama wasu mambobi uku na kungiyar Ansarullah Bangla, ciki har da wani dan kasar Burtaniya mai suna Touhidur Rahman, wanda 'yan sanda suka bayyana a matsayin "babban mai shirya harin da aka kai kan Avijit Roy da Ananta Bijoy Das", dangane da kisan biyun.
A watan Fabrairun 2021, an yanke wa shugabanni biyar da mambobin kungiyar Ansar al-Islam hukuncin kisa da kuma hukuncin daurin rai da rai kan kisan Roy.
Halin da aka yi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan rasuwar Roy, dalibai da yawa, malamai, masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, da kuma duk faɗin ƙasar sun taru a Jami'ar Dhaka, suna neman kama masu kisan da sauri. Mukto-Mona ya rubuta a cikin Bengali "Muna baƙin ciki amma za mu shawo kan".
Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Stéphane Dujarric, ya yi Allah wadai da kisan, inda ya ce, “A kan harin da marubucin ya kai, mun tattauna da takwarorinmu na kare hakkin bil’adama wadanda suka yi Allah wadai da harin, tare da bayyana fatan za a gaggauta hukunta wadanda suka kai harin ta hanyar bin doka da oda".
Shugaban kungiyar Reporters Without Borders Asia-Pacific ya bayyana cewa, "Mun yi matukar kaduwa da wannan ta'asar" ya kuma kara da cewa, "Ba abin yarda ba ne ga ['yan sanda] su shafe lokaci mai tsawo suna binciken gidajen labarai, da kama 'yan jarida, binciken labarai da binciken masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a lokacin da yawancin hare-haren da ake kaiwa masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo ba a hukunta su ba." [17]
Shugabar kamfanin Index on Censorship, Jodie Ginsberg, ta ce: "Tausayinmu yana tare da dangin Avijit Roy. An yi wa Roy hari ne kawai don ya bayyana imaninsa, kuma mutuwarsa ta yi matukar kaduwa kuma mun yi Allah wadai da irin wadannan kashe-kashe. "[18]
Jami'in kula da shirin Asiya na kwamitin kare 'yan jarida ya bayyana cewa, "Wannan harin alama ce ta al'adar rashin adalci da ta mamaye kasar Bangladesh, inda rashin daukar mataki a hare-haren da aka kai kan 'yan jarida a baya ya ci gaba da haifar da mummunan yanayin tashin hankali.[19] [sic]
Kungiyoyin 'yan Adam sun nuna tsoro game da mutuwar Roy. Babban wakilin Cibiyar Bincike na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ce, "Avijit ya kasance mai basira, eh, kuma mai ba da shawara ga 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da rashin addini, amma kuma mutum ne mai kyau. " Andrew Copson na Ƙungiyar Humanist ta Burtaniya, wanda ya ba Roy da sauran masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo lambar yabo ta 'yancin kai a cikin 2014, [20] ya ce, [21] "Tare da mutuwar Avijit, Bangladesh ta rasa ba kawai ɗa ba kawai ba, amma mai ba da goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan adam da daidaito ga dukan mutanenta. "[22]
Babban kwamishinan Biritaniya Robert Gibson ya bayyana damuwarsa a cikin wani sako da ya wallafa a shafinsa na twitter yana mai cewa, “Na yi matukar kaduwa da kisan gillar da aka yi wa Avijit Roy, ganin yadda na ji duk tashe-tashen hankula da suka faru a Bangladesh a ‘yan watannin nan".
A cikin Disamba 2021, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da sanarwar bayar da ladan $5m ga duk wanda ya kai ga harin ta'addancin da aka kai kan Roy da Ahmed.[23]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2018, Gidauniyar 'Yanci Daga Addini ta gabatar da lambar yabo ta Avijit Roy Courage Award na shekara-shekara, wacce aka ba wa "mutane da ke aiki don yada maganganu masu ma'ana da ma'ana, kuma sun gane mutane masu kirkire-kirkire da jaruntaka wadanda suka dage, duk da matsaloli, a cikin aikinsu na inganta kimiyya, dabaru, da ra'ayoyin mutuntaka".[24]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Hare-haren da aka kai wa masu zaman kansu a Bangladesh
- Kisan Sagar Sarowar da Meherun Runi
- Rashin amincewa da siyasa na masu adawa da yanar gizo
- Jerin 'yan jarida da aka kashe a Bangladesh
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Avijit Roy (1 May 2013). "No Flag Large Enough to Cover the Shame". Center for Inquiry. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "cfi2013" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Mukto-Mona moderators". Mukto-Mona. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012.
- ↑ Jahed Ahmed (12 March 2015). "Avijit Roy and His Legacy". Center for Inquiry. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- 1 2 "Avijit Roy Dead: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". heavy.com. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2015. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "heavy" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Islamic death threats over books by Avijit Roy". The Free Thinker. 20 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Radical lslamists [sic] threaten Bangladeshi American Writer Avijit Roy". Policy Research Group Strategic Insight. 6 April 2014. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ↑ "Atheist Blogger Avijit Roy Returning Bangladesh Risky". The Guardian.
- ↑ "Bloggers on hit-list posted by supposed Islamist group in Bangladesh". Reporters Without Borders. 19 November 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Blogger granted bail on health grounds". Reporters Without Borders. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Bangladesh: Crackdown on Bloggers, Editors Escalates". Human Rights Watch. 15 April 2013.
'the government is abandoning any severe claim that it is committed to free speech, said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch.
- ↑ "Bangladesh: Further information: Detained editor alleges torture". Amnesty International. 17 April 2013.
Blogger Asif Mohiudeen, arrested on 3 April for allegedly posting blasphemous comments online, remains in detention and at risk of torture
- ↑ "Call for detained blogger's immediate release". Reporters Without Borders. 11 April 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
Reporters Without Borders condemns the baseless judicial proceedings brought against the detained blogger Asif Mohiuddin, who could be tried and convicted on a charge of blasphemy and 'hurting religious sentiments' at his next hearing
- ↑ "Attacks on the Press – Bangladesh". Committee to Protect Journalists. February 2014.
- ↑ "Humanists appalled at the murder of secular activist and writer Avijit Roy". International Humanist and Ethical Union. 26 February 2015.
- 1 2 Avijit Roy (8 May 2013). "The Struggle of Bangladeshi Bloggers". Skeptic. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedtg27Feb2015 - ↑ "Call for effective protection after another blogger hacked to death". Reporters Without Borders. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 1 March 2015.
- ↑ "Index on Censorship condemns brutal murder of blogger Avijit Roy". Index on Censorship. 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Blogger hacked to death, another seriously injured in Bangladesh". Committee to Protect Journalists. 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Statement on the Murder of Dr. Avijit Roy, Bangladeshi Ally and Friend". Center for Inquiry. 26 February 2015.
- ↑ "Bangladeshi bloggers Asif Mohiuddin and the late Ahmed Rajib win Free Expression Award at World Humanist Congress". British Humanist Association. 9 August 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ↑ "Humanist blogger Avijit Roy hacked to death by Islamic fundamentalists in Dhaka". British Humanist Association. 27 February 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
- ↑ "Rewards for Justice – Reward Offer for Information on the Murder of Avijit Roy and Attack on Rafida Bonya Ahmed". United States Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- ↑ "Avijit Roy Courage Award - Freedom From Religion Foundation". ffrf.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-02-28.