Ayyuka

Ayyuka
work system (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	concession (en)
Ƙasa	Daular Sipaniya

Francisco Hernández Girón ya kasance encomendero na Mutanen Espanya a cikin Mataimakin Sarkin Peru wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da Sabbin Dokoki a cikin 1553. Wadannan dokoki, wadanda aka zartar a shekara ta 1542, sun ba da wasu hakkoki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar kuma sun kare su daga cin zarafi. Zane na Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala.

''encomienda'' (pronunciation na Mutanen Espanya: [] i) tsarin aiki ne na Mutanen da ke ba da lada ga masu cin nasara tare da aikin mutanen da ba Krista ba. A ka'idar, masu cin nasara sun ba ma'aikata fa'idodi, gami da kariya ta soja da ilimi. A aikace, waɗanda aka ci nasara sun kasance ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya yi kama da ayyukan tilasta aiki da Bautar. An fara kafa encomienda a Spain bayan Reconquista na Kirista, kuma an yi amfani da shi a mafi girma a lokacin Mulkin mallaka na Mutanen Espanya na Amurka da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen da aka ci nasara an dauke su a matsayin magoya bayan masarautar Mutanen Espanya. Crown ta ba da kyautar encomienda a matsayin tallafi ga wani mutum. A zamanin cin nasara na farkon karni na sha shida, an dauki tallafin a matsayin ikon mallakar aikin wasu kungiyoyin 'Yan asalin ƙasar, wanda mai ba da tallafi, wanda ake kira encomendero ke gudanarwa har abada; farawa daga Sabbin Dokoki na 1542, encomienda ya ƙare bayan mutuwar encomendero, kuma an maye gurbinsa da repartimiento.eseses

encomienda sun sauya daga asalin Iberian zuwa wani nau'i na Bautar jama'a. A cikin encomienda, masara Mutanen Espanya ta ba mutum takamaiman adadin 'yan asalin daga takamaiman al'umma amma ba ta nuna wane mutane a cikin al'umma za su samar da aikinsu ba. An tuhumi shugabannin 'yan asalin da tattara haraji da aiki. Hakanan, encomenderos sun tabbatar da cewa an ba 'yan asalin encomienda umarni a cikin Katolika da Harshen Mutanen Espanya, don kare su daga kabilun da ke yabo ko masu fashi; don murkushe tawaye a kan Mutanen Espanya. 'Yan asalin sun ba da kyauta a cikin nau'ikan karafa, masara, alkama, naman alade, da sauran kayan aikin gona.

Tare da fitar da Christopher Columbus a cikin 1500, kambin Mutanen Espanya ya maye gurbinsa da Francisco de Gwamnan sarauta, Fray Nicolás de Ovando, ya gaje Bobadilla, wanda ya kafa tsarin encomienda na yau da kullun. A lokuta da yawa an tilasta wa 'yan asalin yin aiki tuƙuru kuma an azabtar da su sosai da mutuwa idan sun yi tsayayya. Koyaya, Sarauniya Isabella I na Castile ta haramta bautar 'yan asalin ƙasar kuma ta ɗauki' yan asalin su zama "masu bautar da aka yi wa kambi". Siffofin daban-daban na Dokokin Indiya daga 1512 zuwa gaba sun yi ƙoƙari su tsara hulɗar tsakanin mazauna da 'yan asalin ƙasar. Dukkanin 'yan asalin ƙasar da Mutanen Espanya sun yi kira ga Real Audiencias don taimako a ƙarƙashin tsarin encomienda.

Encomiendas have often been characterized by the geographical displacement of the enslaved and breakup of communities and family units, but in New Spain, the encomienda ruled the free vassals of the crown through existing community hierarchies, and the natives remained in their settlements with their families. 

Tarihi

Ma'anar encomienda da encomendero ya samo asali ne gaba kalmar aikatau ta Mutanen Espanya encomendar, "don ba da izini". encomienda ya dogara ne akan ma'aikatar reconquista inda aka ba adelantados damar cire haraji daga Musulmai ko wasu manoma a yankunan da suka ci nasara kuma suka sake zama.

Tsarin encomienda ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka tare da kafa dokar Castilian a yankunan Mutanen Espanya. An kirkiro tsarin ne a tsakiyar zamanai kuma yana da mahimmanci don ba da damar sake yawan jama'a da kariya ga ƙasar iyaka a lokacin sake mamayewa. Wannan tsarin ya samo asali ne a Katolika a kudancin Spain don cire aiki da haraji daga Musulmai (Moors) kafin a kore su a 1492 bayan da aka ci Moorish a Yaƙin Granada . Hanyar ba da lada ga sojoji da masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda suka ci Moors. Encomienda ta kafa tsarin da ya yi kama da dangantakar feudal, inda aka sayar da kariya ta soja don wasu haraji ko takamaiman aiki. Ya kasance musamman a tsakanin umarnin soja waɗanda aka ba su kariya ga yankunan iyaka. Sarkin yawanci ya shiga tsakani kai tsaye ko a kaikaice a cikin jinginar, ta hanyar tabbatar da adalci na yarjejeniyar da kuma shiga tsakani ta hanyar soja idan aka yi amfani da shi.

Masu ba da umurni

Hernán Cortés, wanda ya ci Aztecs kuma firaministan encomendero na New SpainSabuwar Spain

Masu ba da gudummawa na farko na tsarin encomienda, wanda ake kira encomenderos, yawanci masu cin nasara ne waɗanda suka sami waɗannan tallafin aiki ta hanyar shiga cikin nasarar nasara. Daga baya, wasu masu karɓar encomiendas a New Spain (Mexico) ba masu cin nasara ba ne amma suna da isasshen alaƙa da cewa sun sami tallafi