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Ayyukan mutum game da canjin yanayi

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Ayyukan mutum game da canjin yanayi yana bayyana zaɓin mutum wanda kowa zai iya yi don rage hayakin gas na salon rayuwarsu da haɓaka aikin yanayi. Wadannan ayyukan na iya mayar da hankali kai tsaye kan yadda zabin ke haifar da hayaki, kamar rage amfani da nama ko tashi, ko kuma iya mai da hankali kan gayyatar ayyukan siyasa kan yanayi ko samar da karin wayar da kan jama'a yadda za su iya zama kore.

Amfani mai yawa yana daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga Canjin yanayi da sauran batutuwan muhalli fiye da Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a'a, kodayake wasu masana suna jayayya cewa yawan jama'ar ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci.[1] Hanyoyin rayuwa masu Amfani da yawa suna da tasirin muhalli mafi girma, tare da mafi arziki 10% na mutane da ke fitar da kusan rabin jimlar hayakin rayuwa.[2][3] Samar da canje-canje a cikin salon rayuwa na mutum, na iya canza yanayin zamantakewa da kasuwa wanda ke haifar da ƙananan tasirin muhalli. Mutanen da suke so su rage sawun carbon (musamman wadanda ke cikin ƙasashe masu samun kudin shiga masu yawa), alal misali za su iya rage tafiyarsu ta iska don hutu, su yi amfani da kekuna maimakon motoci a kowace rana, su ci abinci na tsire-tsire, kuma su yi amfani le kayayyakin mabukaci na dogon lokaci.[4] Guje wa nama da kayan madara an kira su "hanya mafi girma" mutane na iya rage tasirin muhalli.

Wasu masu sharhi sun ce ayyukan da masu amfani suka dauka, kamar karɓar salon rayuwa mai ɗorewa, ba su da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan da ke kan matakin siyasa. Sauran sun ce aikin mutum yana haifar da aiki tare saboda "Canjin salon rayuwa na iya gina ƙarfin canjin tsarin. " [5] [6] Sauran masu sharhi sun nuna yadda kamfanonin man fetur na burbushin halittu suka inganta manufar sawun carbon, kamar British Petroleum don rage laifin kamfanonin man shafawa.[7]

Adadin da aka ba da shawarar

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Scaling the effect of wealth to the national level: richer (developed) countries emit more CO2 per person than poorer (developing) countries. Emissions are roughly proportional to GDP per person, though the rate of increase diminishes with average GDP/pp of about $10,000.

Ya zuwa sauran kasafin kudin carbon don damar 50-50 na zama ƙasa da digiri 1.5 na dumama shine tan biliyan 460 na CO ko shekaru 11 + 1⁄2 a farashin fitarwa na 2020. Matsakaicin iskar gas a duniya ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara a ƙarshen shekarun 2010 ya kasance kusan tan 7 - gami da 0.7 ton CO2eq abinci, 1.1 ton daga gida, da 0.8 ton daga sufuri. [8] Daga cikin wannan kimanin tan 5 shine ainihin carbon dioxide.[9] Don saduwa da manufar Yarjejeniyar Paris na ƙasa da digiri 1.5 na dumama a ƙarshen ƙarni, an kiyasta cewa sawun carbon na shekara-shekara ga kowane mutum da ake buƙata ta 2030 shine tan 2.3. [yana buƙatar sabuntawa] Ya zuwa 2020 matsakaicin Indiya kusan ya cika wannan burin, matsakaicin mutum a Faransa ko China ya wuce shi, kuma matsakaicin mutumin a Amurka da Ostiraliya ya wuce shi sosai.[10][11] Har ila yau, hayaki na kowane mutum ya bambanta sosai a cikin ƙasashe, tare da mutane masu arziki da ke haifar da ƙarin hayaki.[12] Wani rahoto na Oxfam na 2015 ya lissafa cewa mafi arziki 10% na yawan mutanen duniya suna da alhakin rabin duk hayakin gas.[13] A cewar rahoton 2021 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, mafi arziki 5% ya ba da gudummawa kusan 40% na ci gaban hayaki daga 1990 zuwa 2015. 

Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC ya nuna a cikin 2022: "Don inganta jin daɗi, mutane suna buƙatar sabis kuma ba makamashi na farko da albarkatun jiki ba. Mai da hankali kan buƙata don ayyuka da matsayi daban-daban na zamantakewa da siyasa da mutane ke takawa yana fadada shiga cikin aikin yanayi. " [1]: TS-98 Rahoton ya bayyana cewa halayyar, salon rayuwa, da canjin al'adu suna da babban damar Rage canjin yanayi a wasu fannoni, musamman lokacin da canjin fasaha da tsarin.

Ma'anar "ƙafar carbon na rayuwa"

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  1. ↑ Crist, Eileen; Ripple, William J.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Rees, William E.; Wolf, Christopher (2022). "Scientists' warning on population" (PDF). Science of the Total Environment. 845: 157166. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.84557166C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166. PMID 35803428 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 250387801 Check |s2cid= value (help). While the speed at which climate disruption and biodiversity destruction are unfolding is alarming, the population factor continues to be ignored, sidestepped, or denied. This makes no sense—population is a primary variable underlying humanity's net consumption and waste output and thus a signicant driver of global change.
  2. ↑ "Emissions inequality—a gulf between global rich and poor – Nicholas Beuret". Social Europe (in Turanci). 2019-04-10. Archived from the original on 2019-10-26. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
  3. ↑ Westlake, Steve (11 April 2019). "Climate change: yes, your individual action does make a difference". The Conversation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-18. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  4. ↑ "Six key lifestyle changes can help avert the climate crisis, study finds". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  5. ↑ Sparkman, Leor Hackel, Gregg (2018-10-26). "Actually, Your Personal Choices Do Make a Difference in Climate Change". Slate Magazine (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  6. ↑ Vesely, Stepan; Masson, Torsten; Chokrai, Parissa; Becker, Anna M.; Fritsche, Immo; Klöckner, Christian A.; Tiberio, Lorenza; Carrus, Giuseppe; Panno, Angelo (2021). "Climate change action as a project of identity: Eight meta-analyses". Global Environmental Change (in Turanci). 70: 102322. Bibcode:2021GEC....7002322V. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102322. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  7. ↑ "ExxonMobil wants you to feel responsible for climate change so it doesn't have to". www.vox.com (in Turanci). 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  8. ↑ "EDGAR - Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries, 2019 report - European Commission". edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
  9. ↑ "Global [[:Samfuri:CO2]] emissions have been flat for a decade, new data reveals". Carbon Brief (in Turanci). 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  10. ↑ "India urges G20 nations to bring down per capita emissions by '30". Hindustan Times (in Turanci). 2021-07-25. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  11. ↑ "France: CO2 emissions 1970-2020". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  12. ↑ "5 charts show how your household drives up global greenhouse gas emissions". PBS NewsHour (in Turanci). 2019-09-21. Archived from the original on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
  13. ↑ "World's richest 10% produce half of carbon emissions while poorest 3.5 billion account for just a tenth". 2 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2020-10-18.

An samo asali ne daga sawun carbon kuma ya shahara da kamfen ɗin talla na Beyond Petroleum a cikin 2004-2006, wanda British Petroleum (BP) ta ba da kuɗin, wanda wasu suka zarge su da shahara don rage yawan laifuffukansu.[1]

Yawancin mutanen da aka bincika don Binciken Yanayi na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai sun ce suna yin ƙoƙari don rage gudummawar da suke bayarwa ga canjin yanayi, amma kaɗan ne ke yin canje-canje masu mahimmanci.

A cikin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta rubuta cewa "'ƙafar carbon' ita ce ma'auni na tasirin ayyukanku akan adadin carbon dioxide (CO="true" id="mw2w" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO="true" id="mw0A" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO) da aka samar ta hanyar ƙone burbushin burbushin halittu".[2] A cikin 2019 Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Muhalli ta Duniya a Japan ta bayyana "ƙaddamar da carbon" a matsayin "haskewar GGHG kai tsaye da aka fitar da shi kuma ta hanyar kai tsaye daga amfani da gidaje, ban da waɗanda aka haifar da amfani da gwamnati da kuma samar da babban birnin kamar su ababen more rayuwa. " : v Koyaya binciken Oxfam da SEI a cikin 2020 sun kiyasta fitar da CO2 ga kowane mutum maimakon CO2-daidai, kuma sun rarraba duk amfani da hayaki ga mutane maimakon kawai amfani da gida. [3] Dangane da bita na 2020 yawancin karatun ilimi ba su bayyana yadda ya kamata ikon "ƙafar carbon na mutum" da suke karatu ba.[4]

Kwatanta zaɓuɓɓukan tafiye-tafiye ya nuna:

  • Yin tafiya da gudu suna daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri mafi ƙarancin muhalli.
  • Gudun keke yana biye da tafiya da gudu kamar yana da ƙananan tasiri a kan muhalli.
  • Sufurin jama'a kamar bas din lantarki, Metro da Jirgin kasa na lantarki gabaɗaya suna fitar da iskar gas fiye da motoci ga kowane fasinja.

Yin tafiya da keken keke

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Gudun tafiya da keken keke ba su fitar da iskar gas ba kuma suna da kyau ga tuki ko hawa sufuri na jama'a.[5] Har ila yau, akwai karuwar yawan ayyukan raba keke a cikin birane.[6]

Sufurin jama'a

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Sufuri na jama'a mai aminci na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don tuki motocin mutum.[7] Duk da yake akwai matsalolin inganci da ke da alaƙa da sufuri na jama'a (lokacin jira, canja wurin da aka rasa, jadawalin da ba a dogara da su ba, amfani da makamashi), ana iya inganta su yayin da kudade da sha'awar jama'a ke ƙaruwa da ci gaban fasaha.[8]

Binciken da aka yi a 2022 ya gano cewa kashi 33% na masu sayen mota a Turai za su zaɓi motar man fetur ko diesel yayin sayen sabon abin hawa. Kashi 67% na masu amsa sun ambaci zabar hybrid ko lantarki version.[9][10] A cikin EU, kashi 13% ne kawai na yawan jama'a ba sa shirin mallakar abin hawa kwata-kwata.[9] 44% na masu sayen mota na kasar Sin, a gefe guda, sune mafi kusantar sayen motar lantarki. [9] [11]

Motocin lantarki

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Batir na lantarki

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa da za a zaɓa daga lokacin da ake la'akari da madadin amfani da mota ta mutum, amma amfani da abin hawa na mutum na iya zama dole saboda wurin da dalilai na samun dama.[12] Binciken sake zagayowar rayuwa na abin hawa yana kimanta tasirin muhalli na samar da abin hawa da sassanta, amfani da man fetur na abin hawa, da abin da ke faruwa ga abin hawa a ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Wadannan tasirin muhalli za a iya auna su a cikin hayakin gas, sharar gida da aka samar, da kuma amfani da albarkatun makamashi da sauran dalilai.[13][14] Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su ga motocin Injinan konewa na ciki sune Motocin lantarki (EVs) , da motocin lantarki.[15]

Ayyukan jigilar kaya da raba tafiye-tafiye

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Ayyukan jigilar kaya da raba tafiye-tafiye suma hanyoyi ne ga sufuri na mutum. Carpooling yana rage yawan motoci a kan hanya, bi da bi rage yawan zirga-zirga da amfani da makamashi.[16]

Ayyukan raba mota kamar Uber da Lyft na iya zama zaɓuɓɓuka masu amfani don sufuri, amma bisa ga Union of Concerned Scientists, tafiye-tafiye na raba mota a halin yanzu suna haifar da ƙididdigar ƙaruwa 69% a cikin gurɓataccen yanayi a matsakaici. Akwai karin motoci a kan hanya sakamakon fasinjoji waɗanda in ba haka ba za su ɗauki sufuri na jama'a, su yi tafiya, ko su yi keken zuwa inda suke zuwa.[17] Ayyukan raba zirga-zirga na iya rage hayaki idan sun aiwatar da dabarun kamar motocin lantarki da kara tafiye-tafiye.[17]

Jirgin sama

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Tafiyar iska tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri masu yawa.[18] Hanyar da ta fi tasiri a yanzu don rage hayaki na mutum daga tafiye-tafiye na iska ita ce tashi ƙasa.[19][20] Ana haɓaka sabbin fasahohi don ba da damar ingantaccen amfani da man fetur da jiragen da ke amfani da wutar lantarki.[20] 

Guje wa tafiye-tafiye na iska da kuma shirye-shiryen jirgin sama na yau da kullun [21] yana da fa'ida mai yawa saboda saukakawa yana sauƙaƙa tafiye-tallace na nesa, kuma hayaki mai tsawo ya fi ƙarfin yanayi fiye da hayaki ɗaya da aka yi a matakin ƙasa. Jirgin sama ya fi wuya a gyara ta hanyar fasaha fiye da jigilar ƙasa, don haka zai buƙaci ƙarin mataki na mutum a nan gaba idan ba za a iya yin Shirin Kasuwanci da Rage Carbon don Jirgin Sama na Duniya don aiki yadda ya kamata ba.[22][23]

Jirgin sama yana da alhakin kashi 5 cikin 100 na dumamar yanayi.[24] Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin jirgin sama masu tsawo, gajerun jiragen sama a zahiri suna samar da iskar gas mai yawa ga kowane fasinja da suke ɗauka da kuma murfin mil, don haka mutane na iya la'akari da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ƙasa a maimakon haka amma wannan na iya zama mafi tsada saboda tallafin jirgin sama. Jiragen sama suna taimakawa wajen lalata muhalli tun lokacin da jiragen sama ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska yayin da suke fitar da carbon dioxide tare da nitrogen oxides, wanda shine gurɓata yanayi. Rashin fitarwa yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin adadin iskar gas mai guba ozone da methane.[25] Guje wa zirga-zirgar dare na iya taimakawa, kamar yadda contrails na iya zama sama da rabin tasirin canjin yanayi na jirgin sama.

Canjin yanayi wani abu ne da kashi 67% na Turawa ke la'akari da shi yayin zabar inda za su je hutu. 52% na Turawa, musamman 37% na mutanen da ke da shekaru 30-64 da 25% na mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 65, sun bayyana cewa a cikin 2022 za su zaɓi tafiya ta jirgin sama. Kashi 27% na matasa sun ce za su yi tafiya zuwa wani wuri mai nisa. Fiye da haka, mutanen da ba su kai shekara 30 ba za su iya la'akari da tasirin yanayi na wuraren hutu da tafiye-tafiye na iska.

Makamashi na gida da shimfidar wuri

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Gidan hasken rana a kan rufin gida don samar da makamashi daga tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa

Rage amfani da makamashi na gida ta hanyar matakai kamar rufi, ingantaccen makamashi ya dace da kayan aiki, rufin sanyi, fentin zafi, [26] rage yawan zafin jiki na ruwa, da inganta yanayin zafi da sanyaya na iya rage sawun carbon na mutum. [27] Bayan an bincika rufin gida da iska, maye gurbin bututun gas da ya gaza tare da famfo mai zafi yana haifar da bambanci mai yawa, musamman a yanayin yanayi inda ake buƙatar dumama da sanyaya. [28]

Bugu da kari, zaɓin makamashi da aka yi amfani da shi don dumama, sanyaya, da gidaje masu wutar lantarki yana haifar da bambanci a cikin sawun carbon na gidaje.[29] Yawancin masu samar da makamashi a kasashe daban-daban a duk duniya suna da zaɓuɓɓuka don siyan wani ɓangare ko "makamashi mai tsabta" (yawanci wutar lantarki amma wani lokaci kuma gas). [30] Wadannan hanyoyin samar da makamashi ba su fitar da kusan iskar gas ba da zarar sun tashi kuma suna gudana.

Shigar da hasken rana a saman rufin, duka a kan gida da kuma al'umma sikelin, kuma yana rage fitar da hayaki na gida sosai, kuma a sikelin na iya zama babban mai ba da gudummawa ga rage iskar gas..[31][32]

Kyakkyawan kayayyakin makamashi da amfani

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Binciken da ya nuna cewa dumama, sanyaya iska da motsi na yau da kullun sune wuraren da mutane suka yi imanin ayyukansu na iya samun babban tasiri akan rage sawun carbon

Alamun fitar da carbon sun bayyana fitar da carbon dioxide da aka kirkira a matsayin samfur na masana'antu, sufuri, ko zubar da samfurin mabukaci. Bayyanawar Samfurin Muhalli (EPD) "bayar da bayyane, tabbatarwa da kwatankwacin bayani game da tasirin muhalli na samfuran rayuwa".[33] Wadannan alamomi na iya taimaka wa masu amfani su zaɓi samfuran makamashi.

Canja kayan aiki kamar murhu, masu dumama ruwa da murhu daga gas zuwa lantarki yana rage hayaki na CO2 da methane.

Shuke-shuke suna sarrafa carbon dioxide don yin kwayoyin halitta kamar cellulose, sukari, starches, sunadarai na shuka, da mai. Perennials suna riƙe da babban rabo na waɗancan kwayoyin halitta muddin suna rayuwa, ba sa sake su har sai microorganisms sun lalata su bayan sun mutu. Tsire-tsire masu tsayi kamar itatuwa da shrubs suna ba da gudummawa ga shan carbon dioxide daga iska.[34][35]

Shuke-shuke na shekara-shekara da ke mutuwa a kowace shekara suna fitar da kusan dukkanin da suke ɗauka. Ciyawa da ke rayuwa a cikin hunturu amma sun mutu a sama da ƙasa na iya tsoma rabon carbon dioxide, rage wannan iskar gas a cikin yanayi. Koyaya, duka taki na kwayoyin halitta da na roba sune tushen NOx" id="mwAfw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="NOx"> , kuma turfgrass lawns suna amfani da tan miliyan 3 na taki na nitrogen a kowace shekara. Wannan yana ƙara tan hudu zuwa biyar na carbon zuwa yanayi ga kowane tan na nitrogen (660,000 ton na carbon dioxide / shekara). NOx yana da kusan sau 300 fiye da carbon dioxide.[36][37]  

Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa suna rushe carbon zuwa carbon dioxide. Rage ban ruwa zai rage aikin microbial na ƙasa da samar da carbon dioxide.[35] Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙara ban ruwa don kula da ciyawa a yankunan da ke zama mafi bushewa saboda canjin yanayi. Gas-powered lawnmowers da sauran wutar lantarki kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su don ciyawa kula da carbon dioxide da methane, wadanda su ne greenhouse gas.[36]

Hanyoyin kula da ciyawar kamar taki da kayan aikin ciyawa na burbushin halittu na iya wucewa da duk wani ƙwacewar carbon daga ciyawa mai ɗorewa.[37] Rage ban ruwa, taki na nitrogen, magungunan kashe cututtuka, da kuma amfani da kayan aikin hannu maimakon kayan aikin wutar lantarki waɗanda ke amfani da man fetur na burbushin halittu duk zasu iya rage tasirin yanayi na ciyawa.[38]

Gidajen halitta suna inganta pollination, ba sa buƙatar taki, suna buƙatar raguwa akai-akai, suna inganta bambancin, da kuma amfani da ƙasa da ruwa.[39] Akwai dama da yawa don dasa bishiyoyi da shrubs a cikin yadi, tare da hanyoyi, a cikin wuraren shakatawa, da kuma lambunan jama'a. Bugu da kari, wasu kungiyoyin agaji suna dasa bishiyoyi masu saurin girma don taimakawa mutane a wuraren da ba su da itatuwa don dawo da yawan amfanin ƙasarsu.[40] Kowane mutum na iya dasa lambunan kayan lambu na gida waɗanda ke samar da abinci mai girma a cikin gida, lambunan shuke-shuke na asali waɗanda ke samarwa da nau'o'i daban-daban, da bishiyoyi da shuke-huke masu ɗorewa waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar carbon mai ɗorewa.[37]

Masu amsawa na Turai da Amurka ga binciken da aka yi a cikin 2022 sun fi son canza yanayin dumama da sanyaya, yayin da mutanen China suka fi son canza halaye na yau da kullun.

Yin wanki da zaɓin tufafi

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Yin wanki a rataye don bushewa yana adana makamashi wanda za'a yi amfani da shi don dumama, rage sawun carbon na tufafi.[41] Bugu da ƙari, ta amfani da gajeren, sake zagayowar wanke ruwa mai sanyi na iya kiyaye makamashi da kusan kashi 66%.[42]

Amfani da ruwa mai zafi

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Ruwa mai zafi na gida ta amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba kamar iskar gas tana ba da gudummawa ga fitar da carbon dioxide a duniya. Ya zuwa 2020, yawancin gidaje suna amfani da iskar gas ko bututun lantarki don dumama ruwan su. Yin amfani da waɗannan bututun ruwa tare da makamashi mai sabuntawa zai rage waɗannan hayaki, kodayake farashin shigarwa yana nufin wannan ba zaɓi ne na duniya ba.[43] Kashe mai dumama ruwa da amfani da ruwan da ba a dumama ba don wanki, wanka (idan yanayi ya ba da izini), jita-jita, da tsaftacewa yana kawar da waɗannan hayaki.

Rage buƙatu

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Rashin amfani da kayayyaki da aiyuka

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Samar da kayayyaki da ayyuka da yawa yana haifar da fitar da iskar gas da gurɓataccen yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da mutane za su rage sawun muhalli shine ta hanyar cinye kayayyaki da ayyuka kaɗan. Rage amfani da kayayyaki da aiyuka yana haifar da ƙarancin buƙata, kuma ƙarancin wadata (samarwa) ya biyo baya.[44] Kowane mutum na iya ba da fifiko ga rage amfani da waɗannan kayayyaki da aiyuka waɗanda samarwarsu ke haifar da matakan gurɓataccen yanayi. Kowane mutum na iya ba da fifiko ga dakatar da amfani da waɗancan kayayyaki da aiyuka waɗanda ke ba da ƙarancin amfani ta hanyar "magana da kuɗin su", tunda samfuran da ba a yarda da su ba ba ba su gamsar da bukatun / bukatun mabukaci ko na muhalli; duk da haka, tallafi gwamnati na iya tabbatar da "kawar sayen" ya zama banza a wasu lokuta, yana ba da damar mai samarwa.[45][46]

Binciken yanayi ya gano cewa a cikin 2021 42% na Turawa, musamman 48% na mata da 34% na maza, sun riga sun saka hannun jari a cikin tufafi na biyu maimakon sayen sabbin. Mutanen da ke da shekaru 15 zuwa 29, sun fi yin hakan.[47][48] Ilimi kan amfani mai ɗorewa, musamman don yin niyya ga yara, ana ganin shi a matsayin fifiko ta 93% na 'yan kasar Sin, 92% na EU, 88% na' yan Burtaniya da 81% na Amurkawa.[49][50]

National Geographic Society ta kammala cewa mazaunan birni na iya taimakawa tare da canjin yanayi idan su (ko mu) kawai "saya abubuwa kaɗan".[51]

Lloyd Alter ya ba da shawarar cewa wata hanya ce ta samun ma'anar carbon mai amfani ita ce tambaya, "Yaya iyakarka take da nauyi?" [52]

Kamfanoni masu riba galibi suna ingantawa da tallata samfuran su kamar yadda suke da amfani ko ake buƙata ga masu amfani, koda kuwa a zahiri suna da lahani ko ɓarna a gare su da / ko mahalli. Ya kamata mutane su kasance masu himma wajen tantance kansu da / ko bincike ko kowane samfurin da suka saya da cinyewa yana da daraja don rage amfani. Idan ana buƙatar maye gurbin murhun gas ko wani nau'in murhun a cikin sabon gida, to murhun lantarki ya fi dacewa. Koyaya, kamar yadda dafa abinci yawanci karamin ɓangare ne na hayakin GHG na gida, gabaɗaya bai cancanci canza murhu ba kawai saboda dalilai na yanayi.[53]

Yin amfani da kwantena masu amfani da yawa kamar akwatunan abincin rana, kayan abinci "mai amfani ɗaya" da kuma samar da jaka (za a iya amfani da su azaman jaka masu sauƙi), Tupperware, da kuma sayen kayan gida, abinci da aka shirya da ƙananan abubuwa, duk suna rage hayakin carbon da gurɓata daga samar da kwantena da marufi guda ɗaya. Wadannan dabarun suna rage samar da GHG ta hanyar rage buƙata don ƙarin marufi da jigilar kayayyaki.[54][55]

Rage asarar abinci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samar da abinci a duniya yana da alhakin kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na hayakin gas da bil'adama ke samarwa a kowace shekara, tare da dabbobi kadai suna da alhaki 14.5% na jimlar hayakin gas. [56] An kiyasta hayakin carbon dioxide da ke da alaƙa da abinci ya zama tan 2.2 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara, daga samarwa zuwa amfani.[57] Idan wannan daidai ne, zai nufin cewa kawai bangaren abinci na rayuwar yau da kullun zai kusan cika dukkan burin bin yarjejeniyar Paris na tan 2.3 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Sabili da haka, rage asarar abinci yana da mahimmanci, kuma a cikin 2020 Project Drawdown, an gano shi a matsayin mafita mafi mahimmanci don magance canjin yanayi. [58][59] Abin farin ciki, daga cikin tan 2.2 da aka ambata, ana ɗaukar tan 1.9 a matsayin mai ragewa.[57]

Dangane da binciken da aka buga a cikin Nature Food, hayakin carbon dioxide wanda ya samo asali daga sharar abinci ya zama rabin jimlar hayakin a cikin tsarin abinci.[60] A Amurka, an kiyasta cewa kashi 31% na abincin da aka kawo zuwa shagunan sayar da kayayyaki ko masu amfani ne ke watsar da su.[61] Bugu da ƙari, hayakin carbon dioxide daga sharar abinci wanda ke lalacewa a cikin shara, da dai sauransu, ya kai kilo 2.5 na carbon dioxide a kowace kilo na abinci kuma yana samar da methane, iskar gas mai ɗumi tare da sau 25 na yiwuwar dumama carbon dioxide.[62]

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ":16".
  2. ↑ "Reducing Your Carbon Footprint Can Be Good For Your Health" (PDF).
  3. ↑ "Emissions Gap Report 2020: chapter 6: Bridging the gap – the role of equitable low-carbon lifestyles" (PDF).
  4. ↑ Heinonen, Jukka; Ottelin, Juudit; Ala-Mantila, Sanna; Wiedmann, Thomas; Clarke, Jack; Junnila, Seppo (2020-05-20). "Spatial consumption-based carbon footprint assessments - A review of recent developments in the field". Journal of Cleaner Production (in Turanci). 256: 120335. Bibcode:2020JCPro.25620335H. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120335. ISSN 0959-6526. S2CID 214015695. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  5. ↑ Yang, Yong (2015-06-01). "Interactions between psychological and environmental characteristics and their impacts on walking". Journal of Transport & Health (in Turanci). 2 (2): 195–198. Bibcode:2015JTHea...2..195Y. doi:10.1016/j.jth.2014.11.003. ISSN 2214-1405. PMC 4480794. PMID 26120558.
  6. ↑ Zhang, Yongping; Mi, Zhifu (2018-06-15). "Environmental benefits of bike sharing: A big data-based analysis". Applied Energy (in Turanci). 220: 296–301. Bibcode:2018ApEn..220..296Z. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.101. ISSN 0306-2619. S2CID 115512847.
  7. ↑ Welle, Ben; Kustar, Anna; Tun, Thet Hein; Albuquerque, Cristina (2023-12-14). "Post-pandemic, Public Transport Needs to Get Back on Track to Meet Global Climate Goals" (in Turanci).
  8. ↑ Nesheli, Mahmood Mahmoodi; Ceder, Avishai (Avi); Ghavamirad, Farzan; Thacker, Scott (2017-03-01). "Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method". Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment (in Turanci). 51: 216–226. Bibcode:2017TRPD...51..216N. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2016.12.006. ISSN 1361-9209.
  9. 1 2 3 "2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric". EIB.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  10. ↑ fm (2022-02-02). "Cypriots prefer hybrid or electric cars". Financial Mirror (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-05.
  11. ↑ Rahmani, Djamel; Loureiro, Maria L. (2018-03-21). "Why is the market for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) moving slowly?". PLOS ONE (in Turanci). 13 (3): e0193777. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1393777R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193777. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5862411. PMID 29561860.
  12. ↑ Handy, Susan; Weston, Lisa; Mokhtarian, Patricia L. (2005-02-01). "Driving by choice or necessity?". Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice (in Turanci). 39 (2–3): 183–203. Bibcode:2005TRPA...39..183H. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2004.09.002. ISSN 0965-8564. S2CID 154344700.
  13. ↑ Mashayekh, Yeganeh; Jaramillo, Paulina; Samaras, Constantine; Hendrickson, Chris T.; Blackhurst, Michael; MacLean, Heather L.; Matthews, H. Scott (2012). "Potentials for Sustainable Transportation in Cities to Alleviate Climate Change Impacts". Environmental Science & Technology. 46 (5): 2529–2537. Bibcode:2012EnST...46.2529M. doi:10.1021/es203353q. PMID 22192244.
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  15. ↑ Hawkins, Troy R.; Gausen, Ola Moa; Strømman, Anders Hammer (2012-09-01). "Environmental impacts of hybrid and electric vehicles—a review". The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (in Turanci). 17 (8): 997–1014. Bibcode:2012IJLCA..17..997H. doi:10.1007/s11367-012-0440-9. ISSN 1614-7502. S2CID 109391241.
  16. ↑ Shaheen, Susan; Cohen, Adam; Bayen, Alexandre (2018-10-22). "The Benefits of Carpooling" (in Turanci). doi:10.7922/G2DZ06GF.
  17. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ":2".
  18. ↑ "Which form of transport has the smallest carbon footprint?". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  19. ↑ Gössling, Stefan; Hanna, Paul; Higham, James; Cohen, Scott; Hopkins, Debbie (2019). "Can we fly less? Evaluating the 'necessity' of air travel". Journal of Air Transport Management. 81: 101722. doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2019.101722. S2CID 204435747.
  20. 1 2 Slotnick, David. "Airlines are working to cut down on emissions to secure their future business model, but the technology to make a real impact is still years away". Business Insider (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-05-05.
  21. ↑ "Behaviour change, public engagement and Net Zero (Imperial College London)". Committee on Climate Change (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  22. ↑ "Seven charts that explain what net zero emissions means for the UK". www.newscientist.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  23. ↑ "Carbon offsetting flights. A dangerous distraction. Helping Dreamers Do". responsibletravel.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  24. ↑ "Air travel and climate change". David Suzuki Foundation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
  25. ↑ "Small cuts in air traffic would level off global heating caused by flying – study". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  26. ↑ "Guide to Solar-Reflective Paints for Energy-Efficient Homes". Educational Community for Homeowners (ECHO). 19 November 2013. Archived from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  27. ↑ "Using energy more efficiently". Committee on Climate Change (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
  28. ↑ "The Outside/In[box]: What home heating system is best for the climate?". New Hampshire Public Radio (in Turanci). 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  29. ↑ "Behaviour change, public engagement and Net Zero (Imperial College London)". Committee on Climate Change (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  30. ↑ "What is green gas? – Ecotricity". www.ecotricity.co.uk (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-07-22. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  31. ↑ "Distributed Solar Photovoltaics @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions". Project Drawdown (in Turanci). 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
  32. ↑ Arif, Mashail S. (2013). "Residential Solar Panels and Their Impact on the Reduction of Carbon Emissions" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  33. ↑ "The International EPD® System". www.environdec.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-11. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  34. ↑ Oregon State University, OSU Extension Services (23 September 2022). "Through thoughtful practices, lawns can be climate-friendly". Ag - Community Horticulture/Landscape. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  35. 1 2 Regents of the University of California, Davis (April 10, 2023). "Carbon Sequestration". Climate Change Terms and Definitions. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  36. 1 2 Townsend-Small, Amy; Czimczik, Claudia (January 22, 2010). "Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in urban turf". Geophysical Research Letters. 37 (2) – via University of California, Irvine.
  37. 1 2 3 Son, Jiahn (May 12, 2020). "Lawn Maintenance and Climate Change". ClimateAction@princeton.edu. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  38. ↑ Fountain, Henry; Kayson, Ronda (September 15, 2019). "One Thing You Can Do: Reduce Your Lawn". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2019-09-15. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  39. ↑ Parzyszek, Paul (May 23, 2022). "Natural Lawns: A Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Alternative to Grass". Wiki Education. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  40. ↑ Our Story. "Trees for the Future". Our Story. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  41. ↑ "The Benefits of Using a Clothesline". Small Footprint Family™ (in Turanci). 2009-08-10. Archived from the original on 2019-09-26. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
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  43. ↑ Ro, Christine (March 27, 2020). "The hidden impact of your daily water use". BBC (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-24.
  44. ↑ "Law of Supply and Demand". Simplicable. 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  45. ↑ "U.S. dairy subsidies equal 73% of producer returns". realagriculture. 2018-02-09. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  46. ↑ de Rugy, Veronique (2015-03-24). "Subsidies Are the Problem, Not the Solution, for Innovation in Energy". Mercatus. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  47. ↑ "2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 2 of 3: Shopping for a new car? Most Europeans say they will opt for hybrid or electric". EIB.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  48. ↑ "2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 3: Europeans sceptical about successfully reducing carbon emissions by 2050, American and Chinese respondents more confident". EIB.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-30.
  49. ↑ "2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 3: Europeans sceptical about successfully reducing carbon emissions by 2050, American and Chinese respondents more confident". EIB.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-30.
  50. ↑ "2021-2022 EIB Climate Survey, part 3 of 3: The economic and social impact of the green transition". EIB.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-30.
  51. ↑ Borunda, Alejandra (2019-06-11). "How can city dwellers help with climate change? Buy less stuff". National Geographic - Environment (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-06-29. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  52. ↑ Alter, Lloyd (October 18, 2018). "How much does your household weigh?". TreeHugger (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  53. ↑ Wharton, Rachel (June 21, 2023). "Worried About Your Gas Stove? Here's What to Do". Wirecutter (in Turanci).
  54. ↑ Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2017-05-15). "International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review". Marine Pollution Bulletin (in Turanci). 118 (1–2): 17–26. Bibcode:2017MarPB.118...17X. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.048. ISSN 0025-326X. PMID 28238328. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  55. ↑ Schnurr, Riley E. J.; Alboiu, Vanessa; Chaudhary, Meenakshi; Corbett, Roan A.; Quanz, Meaghan E.; Sankar, Karthikeshwar; Srain, Harveer S.; Thavarajah, Venukasan; Xanthos, Dirk; Walker, Tony R. (2018-12-01). "Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review". Marine Pollution Bulletin (in Turanci). 137: 157–171. Bibcode:2018MarPB.137..157S. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001. ISSN 0025-326X. PMID 30503422. S2CID 54522420. Archived from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
  56. ↑ Ripple, William J.; Smith, Pete; Haberl, Helmut; Montzka, Stephen A.; McAlpine, Clive; Boucher, Douglas H. (January 2014). "Ruminants, climate change and climate policy". Nature Climate Change (in Turanci). 4 (1): 2–5. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4....2R. doi:10.1038/nclimate2081. ISSN 1758-6798.
  57. 1 2 "Emissions from food". www.carbonindependent.org. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  58. ↑ "Food Loss and Waste". www.usda.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2025-04-01. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  59. ↑ "Reduced Food Waste @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions". Project Drawdown (in Turanci). 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  60. ↑ Zhu, Jingyu; Luo, Zhenyi; Sun, Tingting; Li, Wenxuan; Zhou, Wei; Wang, Xiaonan; Fei, Xunchang; Tong, Huanhuan; Yin, Ke (March 2023). "Cradle-to-grave emissions from food loss and waste represent half of total greenhouse gas emissions from food systems". Nature Food (in Turanci). 4 (3): 247–256. doi:10.1038/s43016-023-00710-3. ISSN 2662-1355. PMID 37118273 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 257512907 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  61. ↑ "Why should we care about food waste?". www.usda.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  62. ↑ says, Rajesh Kr. "Food waste: digesting the impact on climate". New Food Magazine (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  • Climate movement - Yunkurin zamantakewa da ke cikin gwagwarmayar yanayi
  • Environmental movement - Motsi don magance matsalolin muhalli
  • Fossil fuel divestment - Kashewa a cikin kamfanonin da ke fitar da man fetur
  • International Day of Climate Action - Ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta DuniyaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
  • List of climate activists - Jerin masu fafutuka da suka yi kamfen don wayar da kan jama'a game da canjin yanayi

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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