Baƙin Daji

Baƙin Daji
General information
Gu mafi tsayi	Feldberg (en)
Height above mean sea level (en)	1,493 m
Tsawo	160 km
Fadi	50 km
Yawan fili	6,009.2 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	48°18′N 8°09′E
Kasa	Jamus
Territory	Baden-Württemberg (en)
Geology
Material (en)	gneiss (en) sandstone (en) granite (en)

Baƙin daji babban tsaunuka ne da ke da dazuzzuka a jihar Baden-Württemberg a kudu maso yammacin Jamus, wanda kwarin Rhine ke iyaka da yamma da kudu kuma kusa da iyakokin Faransa da Switzerland . Ita ce tushen kogunan Danube da Neckar.

Yankin yana da siffar da ta kai tsawon 160 kilometres (100 mi) da faɗinsa har zuwa 50 kilometres (30 mi), tana da yanki kusan 6,009 square kilometres (2,320 sq mi) . Mafi tsayin kololuwar sa shine Feldberg wanda tsayinsa ya kai 1,493 metres (4,898 ft) sama da matakin teku .

A tarihi, yankin ya shahara da gandun daji da kuma hakar ma'adinai, amma yawon buɗe ido yanzu ya zama babban masana'antar, wanda ke samar da ayyukan yi kusan 300,000. Akwai katangar soja da dama da suka lalace tun ƙarni na 17.

Tarihi

Dajin Baƙi a Tabula Peutingeriana : sarkar dutse mai bishiyoyi masu kyau a matsayin alamar ƙasa mara tsari kuma kusan ba za a iya isa gare ta ba

Gidan gona na Black Forest, 1898

Wata mace mara aure a Black Forest sanye da jajayen Bollenhut, 1898

A zamanin da, ana kiran dajin Baƙar fata da Abnoba mons, bayan allahn Celtic Abnoba . A zamanin Romawa (tsohon zamanin da), ana kiransa Silva Marciana ("Dajin Marcynian", daga kalmar Jamusanci "marka", "iyaka"). Dajin Baƙi wataƙila yana wakiltar yankin iyaka na Marcomanni ("mutanen iyaka") waɗanda suka zauna a gabashin limes na Romawa. . Su kuma, sun kasance ɓangare na ƙabilar Jamus ta Suebi, waɗanda daga baya suka ba wa jihar Swabia suna mai tarihi. Banda matsugunan Romawa a kewaye (misali bandakuna a Badenweiler, da ma'adanai kusa da Badenweiler da Sulzburg ) da kuma gina hanyar Romawa ta Kinzigtalstraße, ba Romawa ne suka yi mulkin mallaka na Black Forest ba sai dai Alemanni . Sun zauna kuma suka fara mamaye kwaruruka, suna ketare tsohuwar iyakar matsugunan, abin da ake kira "ja iyakar duwatsun yashi", misali, daga yankin Baar . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, an yi wa yankunan da ke da tsayi da kuma dazuzzukan da ke kusa da su mulkin mallaka, ta yadda a ƙarshen ƙarni na 10, an sami matsugunan farko a yankin da ke da duwatsu masu launin ja (bunter). Waɗannan sun haɗa da, misali, Rötenbach, wanda aka fara ambatonsa a shekara ta 819.

Wasu daga cikin boren (gami da ƙungiyar Bundschuh ) da suka gabaci Yaƙin Makiyayan Jamus na ƙarni na 16, sun samo asali ne daga Baƙar Dajin. An sake samun ƙarin tashin hankali na manoma, wanda ya kasance kamar boren saltpetre, a cikin ƙarni biyu masu zuwa a Hotzenwald.

Ana iya samun ragowar katangar sojoji tun ƙarni na 17 da 18 a cikin Baƙar Dajin, musamman a kan hanyoyin tsaunuka. Misalai sun haɗa da ayyukan baroque da yawa na Margrave Louis William na Baden-Baden ko matsayin kariya na mutum ɗaya kamar Alexanderschanze (Alexander's Redoubt), Röschenschanze da Schwedenschanze ( Sweden Redoubt ).

Da farko, Baƙin Dajin daji ne da aka haɗa da bishiyoyi masu ɗigon ruwa da fir. A manyan tsaunuka, spruce ma ya girma. A tsakiyar karni na 19, an kusan sare dazuzzukan Baƙar fata gaba ɗaya ta hanyar dazuzzukan daji masu yawa kuma daga baya aka sake dasa su, galibi tare da nau'ikan bishiyoyin spruce guda ɗaya.

A shekarar 1990, guguwar iska ta haifar da mummunar barna ga dajin. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 1999, Guguwar Lothar ta yi barna a cikin Dajin Baƙi kuma ta haifar da mummunar barna, musamman ga al'adun spruce guda ɗaya. Kamar yadda ya faru bayan guguwar 1990, an ajiye adadi mai yawa na katako da suka faɗi a wuraren ajiyar ruwa na wucin gadi tsawon shekaru. An nuna tasirin guguwar ta hanyar Lothar Path, wata hanyar ilmantarwa da kasada ta daji a cibiyar yanayi da ke Ruhestein a kan wani dajin katako mai tsayi mai kimanin hekta 10 wanda guguwa ta lalata. Yankuna da dama da guguwar ta lalata, manya da ƙanana, an bar su ga yanayi kuma sun sake bunƙasa a yau sun zama dazuzzukan halitta iri-iri.