Babalú-Ayé

Babalú-Ayé
Rayuwa
Sana'a
Imani
Addini	Candomblé (en) Umbanda (en) Santeria

Babalú-Aye (daga Yoruba Obalúayé ; kuma ana kiransa Oluaye, Omolu, Ṣọpọna, Ayé in Trinidad Orisha, ko Obaluaiye ) ɗaya ne daga cikin Oriṣa ko bayyanar da Babban Allahntaka Olodumare a cikin addinin Yarbawa na Yammacin Afirka. Babalú-Aye shine ruhin Duniya kuma yana da alaƙa da warkarwa.

Yana tallata maganin cututtuka. Kullum yana kusa da Iku (wanda ke da alhakin kashe rayuka), domin yana tallata waraka ga waɗanda suka kusa mutuwa. Duk da haka, wasu suna jin tsoron Obaluaye saboda ana kyautata zaton yana kawo cuta ga mutane, gami da ƙaiƙayi, wanda aka san shi da shi a matsayin Ɗọna.

Ana amfani da ikonsa da sihirinsa a kan kowace irin cuta, musamman a kan cututtukan fata, kumburi, da cututtukan iska waɗanda ka iya haifar da annoba . Haka kuma ana amfani da su don warkar da mutanen da ke fama da matsalar farfadiya, farfadiya, da kuma catalepsy .

Zafi kuma mallakar Babalu-Ayé ne. Ana kyautata zaton zazzaɓi, jiki yana dumamawa don fitar da cuta, Babalu-Ayé ne ke aiki a jikin ɗan adam, da kuma zafin da ke fitowa daga zurfin ƙasa. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi duk wani nau'in hadaya ko miƙawa ga wannan Oriṣa a lokacin rana, lokacin da zafin ya yi yawa. Yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda cuta ke damunsa, a ko'ina yana ɗaukar hatsi a matsayin hadaya.

A Afirka

Yarbanci

Ana kiran O̩balúayé da Sopona (Shopona) a matsayin wanda Yarabawa ke girmama shi, kuma ana cewa yana da iko a kan Duniya da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana buƙatar girmamawa har ma da godiya idan ya yi ikirarin wanda aka zalunta, don haka mutane wani lokacin suna girmama shi da sunan yabo Alápa-dúpé, ma'ana "Wanda ya kashe kuma ana gode masa saboda hakan". A cikin wani labari da aka saba ba da labarinsa, Ṣopona ya tsufa kuma gurgu ne. Ya halarci wani biki a fadar Obatala, mahaifin 'yan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Lokacin da 'yan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suka yi ƙoƙarin rawa, sai ya yi tuntuɓe ya faɗi. Duk sauran 'yan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suka yi masa dariya, shi kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin ya sa musu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Obatala ya tsayar da shi ya kai shi cikin daji, inda ya zauna a matsayin wanda aka kore shi tun daga lokacin. He is believed to wander the land at night, wearing a garment of rattling snail shells; the snail shells are also a key feature of his fetish.

Fon

An fi kiran ruhin da sunan Fon, wanda aka fi sani da Sakpata. Shi ne ke da Duniya kuma yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da ƙuraje da sauran cututtuka. Bautarsa ta bambanta sosai a cikin al'ummomin Fon, inda ake girmama bayyanar ruhin da yawa daban-daban. Saboda matattu ana binne su a Duniya, ana ɗaukar bayyanar da ake kira Avimadye a matsayin shugaban kakanninmu.

Ewe

An girmama shi da sunan yabo na Anyigbato, akwai wani mutum makamancin haka da sunan yabo na Anyigbato wanda ke da alaƙa da rashin lafiya da mutanen da suka rasa matsuguni. Ana kyautata zaton yana yawo a ƙasa da daddare, yana sanye da rigar harsashin katantanwa masu fashewa; harsashin katantanwa kuma muhimmin siffa ne na sha'awarsa.

A Latin Amurka

Omolu, in candomblé of "Ile Ase Ijino Ilu Orossi".

A Santería, Babalú-Ayé yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun orishas. An haɗa Babalú-Ayé da waliyyin Katolika Lazarus na Bethany, kuma an ɗauke shi a matsayin abin al'ajabi, an girmama Babalú-Ayé a bainar jama'a da aikin hajji a ranar 17 ga Disamba, lokacin da dubban masu ibada suka taru a Cocin Leprosarium na San Lázaro da ke El Rincón a wajen Santiago de las Vegas, Havana . Masu bi na Arará a Cuba da kuma waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasashen waje suna girmama ruhin a matsayin Asojano. Duk al'adun biyu suna amfani da tsumma a cikin al'adu don tayar da tawali'u. Ruhin kuma yana bayyana a Palo a matsayin Pata en Llaga.

A Candomblé, fuskarsa ta yi kyau sosai bayan an warkar da rashin lafiyarsa har babu wanda ya cancanci ya kalle shi, shi ya sa aka rufe ta da bambaro na dabino. Haka kuma yana bayyana a cikin Umbanda da Macumba .

A cikin duban Ifá da Dilogun

Ta hanyar duba, sau da yawa yana magana da masu bauta masa ta hanyar alamun Ifá ( Odu Ifá ) Ojuani Meyi da Irete Meyi, kodayake a matsayinsa na rashin lafiya, yana iya bayyana a kowace alamar duba. A cikin duban shanu (Dilogun), yana kuma da alaƙa sosai da alamar da ake kira Metanlá (cowries 13).

Alaƙa da sauran orisha

Akwai labarai da dama, wani lokacin ma masu karo da juna, game da dangantakar asalin Babalú-Ayé da sauran 'yan Orisha. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar Babalú-Ayé a matsayin ɗan Yemoja kuma ɗan'uwan Shango . Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin zuri'ar addini suna da'awar cewa shi ɗan Nana Buluku ne, yayin da wasu kuma suna da'awar cewa shi ne mijinta.

Wasu daga cikin zuri'ar Candomblé sun danganta tatsuniyoyi da suka tabbatar da cewa Babalú-Ayé ya kasance ɗan Yemoja da Nana Burukú. A cikin waɗannan tatsuniyoyi, Nana Burukú ita ce mahaifiyar Babalú-Ayé ta gaske wadda ta bar shi ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar a bakin teku inda kaguwa ta yi masa mummunan rauni. Yemoja ta gano shi a can, ta ɗauke shi ƙarƙashin kariyarta, ta kula da shi lafiya, kuma ta ilmantar da shi game da sirrika da yawa.

Saboda ilimin dajin da kuma ikon warkar da tsirrai, Babalú-Ayé yana da alaƙa sosai da Osain, orisha na ganye. Oba Ecun (wani abin ado a La Regla de Ocha) ya bayyana orisha biyu a matsayin ɓangarori biyu na halitta guda ɗaya, yayin da William Bascom ya lura cewa wasu suna haɗa su ta hanyar dangantakarsu ta kud da kud da ruhohin daji da ake kira ijimere .

Jigogi a cikin bauta wa Babalú

Labarun da al'adun da ke ɗauke da muhimman bayanai game da al'adu game da Babalú-Ayé sun haɗa da jigogi daban-daban masu maimaitawa da kuma masu alaƙa.

• Duniya : Bautar Babalú-Ayé sau da yawa tana da alaƙa da Duniya kanta, har ma sunansa yana danganta shi da Duniya kanta.
• Rashin lafiya da wahala : An daɗe ana kiransa da "allahn ƙananan fata," Babalú-Ayé tabbas yana da alaƙa da cututtuka a jiki da canje-canjen da yake kawowa. Saboda Babalú-Ayé yana hukunta mutane da rashin lafiya kuma yana ba su lada da lafiya, labaransa da bukukuwansa galibi suna ɗaukar jiki a matsayin wurin da ya dace don ƙwarewar ɗan adam da ikon allahntaka. Hakazalika, gurguwar tatsuniyarsa tana tayar da ra'ayin rayuwa a cikin yanayi na ƙuntatawa da ciwo na jiki, yayin da mutane ke roƙonsa ya kare su daga cututtuka.
• Yanayin abubuwa masu ratsawa : A Amurka, tasoshin Babalú-Ayé koyaushe suna da ramuka daban-daban a cikin murfinsu, wanda ke ba da damar yin hadaya ta shiga amma kuma yana nuna wahalar da ke tattare da rashin lafiya gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan ramuka galibi ana kwatanta su a sarari da raunukan da ke shafa fatar orisha. Wannan iskar kuma tana bayyana a cikin mayafin da kuma gefen raffia da ake kira mariwó da ake amfani da shi don sanya wa orisha.
• Sirri da wahayi : Bambanci tsakanin shiru da magana, duhu, da haske, da sirri da wahayi sun mamaye bautar Babalú-Ayé. A bisa ga al'ada, dole ne wasu abubuwa su kasance a ɓoye don ci gaba da ƙarfin ibadarsu ko aikinsu na lafiya. A sakamakon haka, bayyanawa mara dacewa yana haifar da rashin lafiya da sauran munanan alamu. A akasin haka, bayyanawa da ya dace na iya samar da koyarwa da jagora mai mahimmanci.
• Mugunta da adalci : An wakilta Babalú-Ayé a cikin labaran tsarki a matsayin mai laifi a wasu lokutan, an yanke masa hukuncin zaman hijira saboda ya karya yarjejeniyar zamantakewa. Ciwon jiki na ƙafarsa mai rauni yana canzawa zuwa zafin motsin rai na ƙaura. Sai bayan ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo a keɓe shi ne kawai zai koma cikin al'umma. A wasu yanayi, ana yaba masa a matsayin mafi adalci daga cikin dukkan orishas. Hakazalika, sau da yawa ana kiransa da hukunta laifin ɗan adam.
• Fitowa da Motsi : Bisa ga alaƙar da ke tsakanin dajin da kuma hanya, muhimman labarai da bukukuwan da suka shafi Babalú-Ayé sun haɗa da motsi a matsayin maganin tsayawa tsayi. A cikin bukukuwan Lucumí da Arará a Cuba, ana motsa jirgin ruwansa daga wuri zuwa wuri a cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka fara. Amma ta wannan motsi ta wurare daban-daban, Babalú-Ayé yakan bayyana a matsayin mutum mai rikitarwa, har ma da ƙazanta, wanda ke haɗa wurare daban-daban. Yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da ganyaye masu ƙarfi da ake amfani da su don guba da magani, wani lokacin ana danganta shi da Osain da ayyukan masu sihiri masu ƙarfi. Yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da Duniya da kakannin da aka binne a cikinta, wani lokacin ana girmama shi da matattu. A lokaci guda, ana haɗa shi sosai a matsayin orisha, ko fodún kamar yadda Arará ke kiran allolinsu a Cuba. Haka nan karnukan da ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da Babalú-Ayé suna ƙaura daga gida, zuwa titi, zuwa daji, kuma suna komawa da wurin da aka keɓe.
• Mutuwa da Tashin Matattu : A ƙarshe, tafiyar Babalú-Ayé ta ƙaura, rauni, da kuma dawowarta ta magance yanayin rayuwa mai zagaye. Duk da cewa wannan jigon na ɗaukaka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a Amurka fiye da Afirka ta Yamma, yana nan a cikin labaran annoba da ke addabar sarakuna da masarautu, sai kawai ya sami sauƙi da magani a Babalú-Ayé.

Nassoshi na gabaɗaya da waɗanda aka ambata

• Brown, David H. (2003). Santería An Naɗa: Fasaha, Al'ada, da Ƙirƙira a cikin Addinin Afro-Cuban . Chicago: Jami'ar Chicago Press.
• Buckley, Anthony D. (1985). Magungunan Yarabawa . Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Ecun, Oba (1996). Ita: Tatsuniyar Addinin Yarabawa . Miami: Littattafan ObaEcun.
• Ellis, AB (1894). Mutanen da ke jin yaren Yarbawa a Gabar Bauta ta Yammacin Afirka. Addininsu, ɗabi'unsu, al'adunsu, dokokinsu, harshensu, da sauransu . London: Chapman da Hall.
• Friedson, Steven M. (2009). Ragowar Al'ada: Allolin Arewa a Ƙasar Kudu . Chicago: Jami'ar Chicago Press.
• Herskovits, Melville (1938). Dahomey: Tsohuwar Masarautar Yammacin Afirka . New York: JJ Augustin.
• Idowu, E. Bolaji (1962). Olodumare: Allah cikin Imani na Yarbawa . London: Longmans, Green, da Co.
• Lele, Ocha'ni (2003). Diloggun: Orishas, Karin Magana, Hadayu, da Haramcin Santeria na Cuban . Rochester, Vt.: Littattafan Kaddara.
• Lovell, Nadia (2002). Igiyar Jini: Mallaka da Yin Voodoo . London: Pluto Press.
• Lucas, J. Olumide (1996). Addinin Yarabawa: Kasancewa Bayani Kan Imani da Ayyukan Addini na Yarabawa na Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya. Musamman game da Addinin Masar . Brooklyn, NY: Athelia Henrietta Press. [An buga shi a farko a 1948 a Landan ta Church Missionary Society Bookshop.]
• Mason, Michael Atwood (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012). Baba Wanene? Babalú! Blog. http://baba-who-babalu-santeria.blogspot.com/
• McKenzie, Peter (1997). Gaisuwa ga Orisha! Wani Bayani na Addinin Yammacin Afirka a Tsakiyar Karni na Sha tara . Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
• Ramos, Miguel "Willie" (1996). "Bautar Afro-Cuban Orisha". A cikin A. Lindsey, ed., Santería Aesthetics in Modern Latin American Art, shafi. 51–76. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
• Rosenthal, Judy (1998). Mallaka, Jin Daɗi, da Shari'a a cikin Ewe Voodoo . Charlottesville: Jami'ar Virginia Press.
• Verger, Pierre F. (1957). Notes sur le culte des orisa et vodun a Bahia, la Baie de tous les Saints, au Brésil, et à l'ancienne Côte des Esclaves en Afrique . Dakar: IFAN.
• Voeks, Robert A. (1997). Ganye Masu Tsarki na Candomblé: Sihiri na Afirka, Magunguna, da Addini a Brazil . Austin: Jami'ar Texas Press.
• Wenger, Susanne. 1983. Rayuwa Tare da Alloli a Ƙasar Yarabawa . Wörgl, Austria: Perlinger Verlag.